Exploring the effects of dietary inulin in rainbow trout fed a high‑starch,100%plant‑based diet

Background High dietary carbohydrates can spare protein in rainbow trout(Oncorhynchus mykiss)but may affect growth and health.Inulin,a prebiotic,could have nutritional and metabolic effects,along with anti-inflammatory properties in teleosts,improving growth and welfare.We tested this hypothesis in rainbow trout by feeding them a 100%plant-based diet,which is a viable alternative to fishmeal and fish oil in aquaculture feeds.In a two-factor design,we examined the impact of inulin(2%)as well as the variation in the carbohydrates(CHO)/plant protein ratio on rainbow trout.We assessed the influence of these factors on zootechnical parameters,plasma metabolites,gut microbiota,production of short-chain fatty acids and lactic acid,as well as the expression of free-fatty acid receptor genes in the mid-intestine,intermediary liver metabolism,and immune markers in a 12-week feeding trial.Results The use of 2%inulin did not significantly change the fish intestinal microbiota,but interestingly,the high CHO/protein ratio group showed a change in intestinal microbiota and in particular the beta diversity,with 21 bacterial genera affected,including Ralstonia,Bacillus,and 11 lactic-acid producing bacteria.There were higher levels of butyric,and valeric acid in groups fed with high CHO/protein diet but not with inulin.The high CHO/protein group showed a decrease in the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines(il1b,il8,and tnfa)in liver and a lower expression of the genes coding for tight-junction proteins in mid-intestine(tjp1a and tjp3).However,the 2%inulin did not modify the expression of plasma immune markers.Finally,inulin induced a negative effect on rainbow trout growth performance irrespective of the dietary carbohydrates.Conclusions With a 100%plant-based diet,inclusion of high levels of carbohydrates could be a promising way for fish nutrition in aquaculture through a protein sparing effect whereas the supplementation of 2%inulin does not appear to improve the use of CHO when combined with a 100%plant-based diet.

Associations between residence and cognitive function among Chinese older adults: the mediating role of leisure activity

Background:Cognitive function is a current research hotspot,residence may be related to differences in cognitive function,and the mediating role of leisure activities are limited in Chinese research.This study used leisure activities as a mediating variable to investigate the mediating role of leisure activity between place of residence(city-town-rural)and cognitive function among Chinese older,this is where the innovation of the article comes in.Methods:Using cross-sectional data from the 2018 Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey,Pearson correlation analyses were employed to examine the relationships among various indicators.Mediation analyses were conducted using the SPSS PROCESS macro program,version 3.5,written by Hayes,to explore the mediating effects of leisure activity between place of residence and cognitive function in older adults.Results:A total of 10955 older adults were included in this study,with a mean age of(84.23±11.57)years.Among them,2739(24.8%)lived in the city,3627(33.1%)in town,and 4615(42.1%)in rural areas;their leisure activity score was(5.34±3.77),and their cognitive function score was(24.69±6.65).Place of residence,leisure activities,and cognitive function were significantly correlated(P<0.01).Using city as a reference,place of residence is negatively associated with cognitive function,and place of residence not only had a direct effect on cognitive function in older adults:town-cognitive function(effect=–0.399;95%confidence interval(CI)=(–0.685,–0.113));rural-cognitive function(effect=–0.42;95%CI=(–0.698,–0.141)).There were also indirect effects on cognitive function through the pathway of leisure activity:town-leisure activity-cognitive function(effect=–0.17;95%CI=(–0.246,–0.1)),rural-leisure activity-cognitive function(effect=–0.199;95%CI=(–0.272,–0.13)).Conclusion:Leisure activities play a partially mediating role between the impact of place of residence and cognitive function in Chinese older adults,and it is vital to pay attention to the impact of place of residence on the cognitive function of older adults in various aspects,and to increase the participation rate of older adults in leisure activities,which is beneficial to the prevention of cognitive decline and the protection of older adult’s physical and mental health.

Stanford A型主动脉夹层术后患者疾病感知及应对方式对社会参与的影响

目的 探讨Stanford A型主动脉夹层术后患者疾病感知、应对方式对社会参与的影响及作用机制。方法 以便利抽样法选取214例Stanford A型主动脉夹层术后患者,采用简易疾病感知问卷(BIPQ)、医学应对量表(MCMQ)、自主参与问卷(IPA)进行调查。采用Bootstrap法分析疾病感知、应对方式与社会参与之间的关系。结果 Stanford A型主动脉夹层术后患者社会参与得分(51.74±16.50)分,疾病感知总分为(49.74±12.61)分,面对应对得分(22.87±5.18)分,回避应对得分(14.96±3.05)分,屈服应对得分(10.80±3.93)分;疾病感知与社会参与呈正相关(P <0.01),应对方式中面对与疾病感知和社会参与呈负相关(P <0.01),屈服与疾病感知和社会参与呈正相关(P <0.01)。面对和屈服在疾病感知和社会参与间起平行中介作用(P <0.01),分别占总效应的29.65%、16.05%。结论 Stanford A型主动脉夹层术后患者的社会参与处于中等偏下水平,应对方式是疾病感知与社会参与的中介变量。医护人员可以通过提高患者的正性疾病感知,引导患者积极应对疾病,提高社会参与水平。

PDRG1 at the interface between intermediary metabolism and oncogenesis

PDRG1 is a small oncogenic protein of 133 residues. In normal human tissues, the p53 and DNA damageregulated gene 1(PDRG1) gene exhibits maximal expression in the testis and minimal levels in the liver. Increased expression has been detected in several tumor cells and in response to genotoxic stress. High-throughput studies identified the PDRG1 protein in a variety of macromolecular complexes involved in processes that are altered in cancer cells. For example, this oncogene has been found as part of the RNA polymerase Ⅱ complex, the splicing machinery and nutrient sensing machinery, although its role in these complexes remains unclear. More recently, the PDRG1 protein was found as an interaction target for the catalytic subunits of methionine adenosyltransferases. These enzymes synthesize S-adenosylmethionine, the methyl donor for, among others, epigenetic methylations that occur on the DNA and histones. In fact, downregulation of S-adenosylmethionine synthesis is the first functional effect directly ascribed to PDRG1. The existence of global DNA hypomethylation, together with increased PDRG1 expression, in many tumor cells highlights the importance of this interaction as one of the putative underlying causes for cell transformation. Here, we will review the accumulated knowledge on this oncogene, emphasizing the numerous aspects that remain to be explored.

ESG表现对财务风险影响的实证研究

基于2010—2021年A股上市公司的面板数据,采用计量经济方法就ESG表现对财务风险的影响进行实证研究。研究发现,ESG表现可显著降低企业财务风险,其中,内部控制和分析师的关注起完全中介作用,融资约束起到部分中介作用。另外,相比于国有企业,非国有企业的ESG表现对降低财务风险的效应更大。基于此,企业应促进ESG发展以更好降低财务风险。

行业协会关联对企业ESG表现的影响研究

选取2009~2021年A股上市公司作为研究样本,基于制度逻辑理论视角,剖析行业协会关联影响企业ESG表现的作用机理。研究发现:行业协会关联能够显著提升企业ESG表现,且关联强度越高、关联层级越高以及担任会长的行业协会关联对企业ESG表现的提升作用更显著;进一步研究表明,行业协会关联通过降低企业不确定性感知、提高管理层诚信以及抑制高管负道德行为等传导路径提升企业ESG表现,且这种提升效应在非国有企业和无政府关联企业、媒体关注度和分析师关注度越高的企业中更为显著。经济后果分析表明,企业ESG表现的提升有助于推动企业绿色创新“增量提质”。

Examining the Effects and Operational Mechanisms of Green Credit on Carbon Emissions in Chinese Regions

The utilization of a green financial system,particularly through the implementation of green credit,plays a pivotal role in fostering environmentally sustainable,low-carbon economic growth and facilitating the transition toward a more ecologically responsible economy.This paper employs a two-way fixed-effects model,utilizing provincial panel data spanning from 2012 to 2020,to investigate the influence of green credit on regional carbon emissions within different regions of China.The results reveal a significant reduction in carbon emissions as a consequence of the green credit program’s implementation.The analysis of the pathway indicates that green credit is instrumental in mitigating carbon emissions by instigating shifts in the energy mix,with evidence suggesting a partial mediating effect.Furthermore,a heterogeneity analysis discovered that the suppressive impact of green credit on carbon emissions is more pronounced in the eastern and western regions of China,while it is less significant in the central and northeastern areas.The implications of this study provide robust evidence in support of the role of green credit in reducing carbon emissions and can serve as a valuable resource for policymakers aiming to promote the expansion of green credit programs and,in turn,contribute to substantial reductions in carbon emissions.

Mediating Effect of Perceived Organizational Support on the Resilience and Mental Health of ICU Nurses

Objective:To investigate the mediating effect of organizational support on the relationship between resilience and anxiety-depression-stress by researching ICU nurses.Methods:A total of 675 ICU nurses in Shaanxi Province were surveyed using the organizational support scale,the resilience evaluation scale for medical staff,and the Depression-Anxiety-Stress Scale(DASS-21).Results:The resilience of ICU nurses had significant correlation with the level of organizational support(r=0.448,P<0.01),but was negatively correlated with depression(r=-0.238,P<0.001),anxiety(r=-0.287,P<0.01),and stress(r=-0.213,P<0.01);the level of organizational support of ICU nurses was also negatively correlated with depression(r=-0.452,P<0.01),anxiety(r=-0.410,P<0.01),and stress(r=-0.490,P<0.01).The sense of organizational support played a mediating role between the resilience of ICU nurses and their depression-anxiety-stress,the mediating effect accounted for 78%of the total effect.Conclusion:The perceived organizational support and resilience is an important external protective factor for the mental health and ability of ICU nurses.The management departments should continue to pay attention to the mental health of ICU nurses,take effective measures to improve the sense of organizational support and resilience of nurses,and ensure the good mental health of ICU nurses.

The Intermediary Roles of Public Health Nurses (PHNs) in Utilizing Communication Robots (CRs) in Community Health Care Practice

Robot technology is expected to reduce the burden of medical professionals, a concern in the super-aged society. The aim of this article is to determine the intermediary roles of Public Health Nurses (PHNs) in using Communication Robots (CRs) in Community Health care. It is necessary to consider who will manage, and how to draw lines of responsibility when a problem occurs when using robots in the future. Regarding the mediator or intermediary role of PHNs in the use of CRs, PHNs are expected to be cognizant of varieties of robots for use with persons of diverse ages and health levels, as well as of robot performances. As one of the community healthcare workers who service the elderly living in the community, the role of PHNs as mediators or intermediaries is to pay attention to ethical and moral issues while working with CRs to manage the health of the community. Lack of understanding of the intermediary role might create possible ethico-moral issues in the future. Therefore, it is critical for PHNs to understand their role as intermediaries. In doing so, it is expected that older people at home will be able to live peaceful lives, as well as be physically and mentally healthy.

ESG信息披露与企业价值提升

在ESG理念下,企业长期价值的增加取决于其环境价值、社会价值与治理能力的全方位提升,但源于理念认知和目标取向的差异性,企业在ESG实践中仍存在较多权衡问题和发展困境。基于ESG理念发展逻辑,选取沪深A股2010—2020年所有上市公司为研究样本,实证检验ESG信息披露助力企业价值增值的作用路径。结果表明,良好的ESG信息披露显著提升企业价值;ESG信息披露能够通过提高机构投资者持股比例、提高雇员质量和增加创新投入促进企业价值提升。异质性分析发现,在高度法治化程度地区、高多元化经营行业、强外部监督环境,ESG信息披露促进企业价值提升的效果更明显。研究指出,通过“渐进式变革”提高市场与企业ESG认知水平,解构ESG发展理念,从而实现企业价值创造方式转型和可持续发展。

Optimal control of a quality supervision profit model for the electronic intermediary

Online customers execute transactions without inspecting products could expect to encounter risks of receiving products with unsatisfactory qualities,especially in food trans-actions.Thus quality supervision plays a key role in the establishment of trust as well as in the management of risk between online customers and sellers.Most papers in this field are in qualitative nature.In this paper,a quality supervision profit(QSP)model is formulated as a discrete-time optimal control problem.It is a quantitative approach,and it broadens the scope.of current research in the area.The quality efort level of online sellers(QELa)and the quality supervision level of the electronic intermediary(QSLm)are considered together with their cor-responding profit in the proposed model.The aim is to optimize an overall profit.A case study arising from Suichang's food traceability system(FTS)of farm produce online transaction is carried out in details.The results reveal that QELs,QSLm and the profit distribution coeffi-cient have a strong influence upon the profits of both sides.Finally,some concluding remarks,including potential further research topics,are given.

An Intermediary Organization Finds Potential Needs By Exploiting Serendipity

This paper intends to clarify the needs serendipity in creating new business. The authors will show that serendipity is capability method of finding potential needs and/or new markets. In economic society, potential needs and/or new markets are only partially exposed, such as an iceberg. Serendipity is a capability that can expose the potential hidden part through accidental opportunity. Something more concrete can be formed from the exposed parts. The authors describe cases that demonstrate the usefulness of serendipity. In one case, a high-tech start-up had intended to use medical electronic equipment and/or industrial electronic equipment as the first application of their core technology. In these markets, they were competing with established major companies, so this start-up had difficulty entering these markets. However, a specific distributor found potential needs that were met by the start-up＇s products, and has created a new market by combining their core technology with social needs. The authors define serendipity capability by analyzing this case example and argue that serendipity can contribute to finding opportunities and solving social issues.

高管性别多样性、ESG表现与企业价值

为探究高管性别多样性与企业价值的关系以及ESG表现在两者之间的中介效应,基于2015—2021年中国沪深两市A股上市公司数据,采用实证分析方法对固定效应模型进行检验。研究发现,高管性别多样性与企业价值存在正向相关关系,ESG表现在两者之间发挥了部分中介效应,即高管性别多样性—ESG表现—企业价值这一链条关系得以证明。通过异质性进一步分析发现,高管性别多样性—ESG表现—企业价值链条关系存在产权异质性和行业竞争强度异质性,即对比非国有企业,国有企业高管性别多样性与ESG表现关系的显著性较强,但高管性别多样性—ESG表现—企业价值这一链条关系在这一分组中并未得到证明;全样本的研究结论在处于高市场竞争状态下的企业样本中得以证明,在低市场竞争强度下的企业样本中,未能得到证实。在此基础上,进行了内生性检验与稳健性检验,上述结论依旧成立。

Empirical Analysis on the Financial Intermediary Development and the Economic Fluctuation in China

This article analyzes the relationship between financial intermediary development and economic fluctuation in thelast 50 wars in China. It was found that a steady and long-term relation existed between these two variables, and that differentaspects of the development of the financial intermediary system had different effects on the economic fluctuation. The improve-ment of the intermediary’s efficiency can repress the economic fluctuation, but the increase of financial intermediaries canintensify the fluctuation. On that basis, some suggestions about the development of the financial intermediary are proposed inthis essay.

如何理解和翻译“Science and Technology Studies”

从S&TS产生的历史背景和研究范围来看 ,S&TS是被视为独立研究领域的科学技术哲学、科学技术史和科学技术社会学研究出现交叉汇流的一个会聚点 ,它以多学科、跨学科和交叉性为显著特征 ,是与这些传统学科处于同一层次的一种新型的学术研究领域。可以考虑把S&TS意译为“科学与技术的人文社会学研究”。从这个意义上看 ,企图把S&TS译为“科学技术学” ,并将其提升为涵盖其他学科的一级学科来对待的观点是值得商榷的 ;企图以“科学技术学”取代“科学技术哲学”来谈论中国自然辩证法学科建设的观点 ,则既不符合中国自然辩证法学科的研究传统 。

当代S&TS的“唯物主义回归”

当代S&TS发展的一个核心趋势是回归唯物主义。在这一转向中,出现了五种代表性的唯物主义科学技术哲学理论:拉图尔和卡伦的行动者网络理论、皮克林的冲撞理论、林奇的常人方法论研究、哈金的历史本体论、德国马普科学史研究所的历史认识论。唯物主义的回归,并不是要回到传统的实证论或实在论,其实质是回归对科学技术的实践研究。

食品安全问题的社会建构分析——从科学主义走向S&TS的方法论解析

在食品安全问题上,科学主义长期占据主导地位,在风险的解释中具有绝对的话语权。自贝克《风险社会》一书问世以来,学界对食品安全问题中所蕴含的科学与利益、政治的关系的认识逐渐明朗。最初的研究遵循"有组织的无责任"、"科学标准"的客观性讨论、"无知"这三条进路,随后政治之外因素的凸显则把食品安全问题的研究带入了开放性的、多维度的S&TS研究,为食品安全问题的实际解决提供方法上的启示。

中资保险中介发展现状及其SWOT分析

文章首先分析我国中资保险中介的发展现状:起步晚,成长快;机构盈利状况不佳,但情况向好;机构地理布局不合理,机构新设速度放缓;专业中介机构业务占比小。而后运用SWOT分析,指出我国中资保险中介目前存在的优势、劣势、机会和挑战,据此提出相关的策略建议。

在转向中前进的S&TS

当代S&TS是在不断的"转向"中推进自身的。从历史和逻辑的综合视角看,S&TS经历了三次核心转向。社会学转向,主张以经验方法取代哲学的规范方法,以社会建构主义的科学观取代理性主义的科学观;人类学转向,主张以本体论的对称性取代认识论的对称性,进而以实践建构主义的科学观取代社会建构主义的科学观;应用转向,将S&TS的理论分析与现实问题相结合,推动了S&TS的技术转向与后殖民主义转向。S&TS"转向事业"的核心在于回归生活世界中的科学和技术,从实践视角反思科学技术及其与人类生存之间的关系。

Sox2下调表达对MDA-MB-231乳腺癌细胞β-catenin与转录中介因子γ的影响

目的下调乳腺癌MDA-MB-231细胞Sox2基因表达,观察对细胞增殖、侵袭和凋亡的影响以及信号因子β-catenin和TIF1γ表达的影响。方法将MDA-MB-231细胞分为重组质粒转染组(转染Sox2-shRNA干扰载体)、阴性对照组(转染p Mafic7.1-shRNA-NC质粒)、空白对照组(未经处理的MDA-MB-231细胞,n=6),并将shRNA-Sox2-1瞬时转入乳腺癌MDA-MB-231细胞,通过Western blot检测乳腺癌MDA-MB-231细胞中Sox2蛋白表达水平,FCM检测细胞凋亡的情况,Transwell检测细胞的侵袭能力,MTS检测细胞活力和增殖能力。另外,采用Western blot和免疫组化检测靶向抑制Sox2对信号因子β-catenin和TIF1γ蛋白的表达与分布。结果成功构建重组载体p Mafic7.1-shRNA-Sox2。与空白对照组(未转染组)和阴性对照组(转染p Mafic7.1-shRNA-NC)相比,p Mafic7.1-shRNA-Sox2转染至MDA-MB-231细胞后,Sox2蛋白的表达水平明显下调(P<0.01),细胞凋亡率明显增加(P<0.05),细胞的侵袭能力、活力和增殖能力均明显下降(P<0.05)。与空白对照组(0.79±0.07)和阴性对照组(0.74±0.10)相比,重组质粒转染组β-catenin(0.15±0.04)蛋白的表达水平明显下调(P<0.05);同样,与空白对照组(0.74±0.05)和阴性对照组(0.64±0.07)相比,重组质粒转染组TIF1γ蛋白(0.11±0.01)的表达水平明显下调(P<0.05)。结论靶向沉默Sox2基因能促进细胞凋亡,抑制细胞的增殖和侵袭,其作用可能与抑制Wnt/β-catenin信号通路与TIF1γ调控有关。