Spatiotemporal Characteristics of Typical Ecosystem Services and Their Spatial Responses to Driving Factors in Ecologically Fragile Areas in Upper Yellow River,China

The identification of dominant driving factors for different ecosystem services(ESs)is crucial for ecological conservation and sustainable development.However,the spatial heterogeneity of the dominant driving factors affecting various ESs has not been adequately elucidated,particularly in ecologically fragile regions.This study employed the integrated valuation of ESs and trade-offs(InVEST)model to evaluate four ESs,namely,water yield(WY),soil conservation(SC),habitat quality(HQ),and carbon storage(CS),and then to identify the dominant driving factors of spatiotemporal differentiation of ES and further to characterize the spatial heterogeneity characteristics of the dominant driving factors in the eco-fragile areas of the upper Yellow River,China from 2000 to 2020.The results demonstrated that WY exhibited northeast-high and northwest-low patterns in the upper Yellow River region,while high values of SC and CS were distributed in central forested areas and a high value of HQ was distributed in vast grassland areas.The CS,WY,and SC exhibited decreasing trends over time.The most critical factors affecting WY,SC,HQ,and CS were the actual evapotranspiration,precipitation,slope,and normalized difference vegetation index,respectively.In addition,the effects of different factors on various ESs exhibited spatial heterogeneity.These results could provide spatial decision support for eco-protection and rehabilitation in ecologically fragile areas.

Land Use Dynamics and Ecosystem Service Value Changes in the Yangtze River Delta Urban Agglomeration Under Different Scenarios

Urban agglomerations,serving as pivotal centers of human activity,undergo swift alterations in ecosystem services prompted by shifts in land utilization.Strengthening the monitoring of ecosystem services in present and future urban agglomerations contributes to the rational planning of these areas and enhances the well-being of their inhabitants.Here,we analyzed land use conversion in the Yangtze River Delta(YRD)urban agglomeration during 1990-2020 and discussed the spatiotemporal response and main drivers of changes in ecosystem service value(ESV).By considering the different development strategic directions described in land use planning policies,we predicted land use conversion and its impact on ESV using the Future Land Use Simulation(FLUS)model in three scenari-os in 2025 and 2030.Results show that:1)from 1990 to 2020,land use change is mainly manifested as the continuous expansion of con-struction land to cultivated land.Among the reduced cultivated land,82.2%were occupied by construction land.2)The land use types conversion caused a loss of 21.85 billion yuan(RMB)in ESV during 1990-2020.Moreover,the large reduction of cultivated land area led to the continuous decline of food production value,accounting for 13%of the total ESV loss.3)From 2020 to 2030,land use change will mainly focus on Yangzhou and Zhenjiang in central Jiangsu Province and Taizhou in southern Zhejiang Province.Under the BAU(natural development)and ED(cultivated land protection)scenarios,construction land expansion remains dominant.In contrast,under the EP(ecological protection)scenario,the areas of water bodies and forest land increase significantly.Among the different scenarios,ESV is highest in the EP scenario,making it the optimal solution for sustainable land use.It can be seen that the space use conflict among urban,agriculture and ecology is a key factor leading to ESV change in the urban agglomeration of Yangtze River Delta.There-fore,it is crucial to maintain spatial land use coordination.Our findings provide suggestions for scientific and rational land use planning for the urban agglomeration.

Using ecosystem service supply and ecosystem sensitivity to identify landscape ecology security patterns in the Lanzhou-Xining urban agglomeration, China

The construction of an ecological security pattern(ESP)is an important way to ensure regional ecological security and to achieve sustainable regional development.It is also one of the hotspot topics of landscape ecology research.This paper identifies the ecological source through the evaluation of the ecosystem service and ecosystem sensitivity of the Lanzhou-Xining(Lan-Xi)urban agglomeration.The minimum cumulative resistance(MCR)model modified by night light data NPP/VIIRS(National Polar-orbiting Operational Environmental Satellite System Preparatory Project/Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite)was used to measure the relative resistance of the materials and energy circulation between the source areas,and to establish the resistance surface of the ecological source area expansion.Then ecological corridors were identified based on ecological sources and resistance surface.The ecological strategic node is the ecological fragile point in the ecological corridors.The ecological strategic node is identified with hydrological module by superimposing the"ridge line"of cumulative ecological resistance with the ecological corridor.Combined with ecological sources,corridors and strategic nodes,the ESP of the Lan-Xi urban agglomeration can be constructed.The ecological source of the Lan-Xi urban agglomeration accounts for 28.42%of the total area,most of which is distributed within Qinghai Province.The nature reserves in the area are all located within the ecological source area.A total of 41 potential ecological corridors have been identified in the study area.The total length of the potential corridors is 1201.03 km,comprising 23 source corridors and 18 radiation corridors.There are 30 strategic nodes identified in the Lan-Xi urban agglomeration.These locations are the most vulnerable areas of the ecological corridors.Ecological engineering should be applied in the construction of corridors.Affected by the ecological source,the potential ecological corridor extends from the northwest to the southeast,which is basically consistent with the direction trend of the mountains in the region.

Multi-scenario Simulation for 2060 and Driving Factors of the Eco-spatial Carbon Sink in the Beibu Gulf Urban Agglomeration, China

Since China announced its goal of becoming carbon-neutral by 2060, carbon neutrality has become a major target in the development of China's urban agglomerations. This study applied the Future Land Use Simulation(FLUS) model to predict the land use pattern of the ecological space of the Beibu Gulf urban agglomeration, in 2060 under ecological priority, agricultural priority and urbanized priority scenarios. The Integrated Valuation of Ecosystem Services and Trade-offs(In VEST) model was employed to analyse the spatial changes in ecological space carbon storage in each scenario from 2020 to 2060. Then, this study used a Geographically Weighted Regression(GWR) model to determine the main driving factors that influence the changes in land carbon sinking capacity. The results of the study can be summarised as follows: firstly, the agricultural and ecological priority scenarios will achieve balanced urban expansion and environmental protection of resources in an ecological space. The urbanized priority scenario will reduce the carbon sinking capacity. Among the simulation scenarios for 2060, carbon storage in the urbanized priority scenario will decrease by 112.26 × 10^(6) t compared with that for 2020 and the average carbon density will decrease by 0.96 kg/m^(2) compared with that for 2020. Carbon storage in the agricultural priority scenario will increase by 84.11 × 10^(6) t, and the average carbon density will decrease by 0.72 kg/m^(2). Carbon storage in the ecological priority scenario will increase by 3.03 × 10^(6) t, and the average carbon density will increase by 0.03 kg/m^(2). Under the premise that the population of the town will increases continuously, the ecological priority development approach may be a wise choice.Secondly, slope, distance to river and elevation are the most important factors that influence the carbon sink pattern of the ecological space in the Beibu Gulf urban agglomeration, followed by GDP, population density, slope direction and distance to traffic infrastructure.At the same time, urban space expansion is the main cause of the changes of this natural factors. Thirdly, the decreasing trend of ecological space is difficult to reverse, so reasonable land use policy to curb the spatial expansion of cities need to be made.

Spatially Heterogeneous Response of Carbon Storage to Land Use Changes in Pearl River Delta Urban Agglomeration, China

Carbon storage of terrestrial ecosystems plays a vital role in advancing carbon neutrality. Better understanding of how land use changes affect carbon storage in urban agglomeration will provide valuable guidance for policymakers in developing effective regional conservation policies. Taking the Pearl River Delta Urban Agglomeration(PRDUA) in China as an example, we examined the heterogeneous response of carbon storage to land use changes in 1990–2018 from a combined view of administrative units and physical entities. The results indicate that the primary change in land use was due to the expansion of construction land(5897.16 km2). The carbon storage in PRDUA decreased from 767.34 Tg C in 1990 to 725.42 Tg C in 2018 with a spatial pattern of high wings and the low middle. The carbon storage loss was largely attributed to construction land expansion(55.74%), followed by forest degradation(54.81%). Changes in carbon storage showed significant divergences in different sized cities and hierarchical boundaries. The coefficients of geographically weighted regression(GWR) reveal that the alteration in carbon storage in Guangzhou City was more responsive to changes in construction land(-0.11) compared to other cities, while that in Shenzhen was mainly affected by the dynamics of forest land(8.32). The change in carbon storage was primarily influenced by the conversion of farmland within urban extent(5.05) and the degradation of forest land in rural areas(5.82). Carbon storage changes were less sensitive to the expansion of construction land in the urban center, urban built-up area, and ex-urban built-up area, with the corresponding GWR coefficients of 0.19, 0.04, and 0.02. This study necessitates the differentiated protection strategies of carbon storage in urban agglomerations.

Study on the Design Scheme of Vehicle Flow Lines in Unilateral Agglomerative Open Service Area

In recent years,with the introduction of the strategy to strengthen the country’s transportation infrastructure and the continuous implementation of new economic development models such as integrating transportation with tourism,various open service areas integrating highway service areas with local tourism have emerged nationwide.Examples include the Yangcheng Lake service area in Jiangsu and the Lengshui service area in Chongqing.This paper focuses on the design example of the Dazu Stone Carving service area on the Chongqing section of the Yurong Expressway,comprehensively considering factors such as construction scale,terrain conditions,and local urban planning.It analyzes and studies the traffic flow design of unilateral agglomerative open service areas around two vehicle traffic conversion links:between the main expressway and the service area,and between the service area and local roads.The aim is to provide a case study reference for similar projects.

长三角地区生产性服务业集聚与碳排放效率——基于SDM与PTR模型的实证检验

本文基于2005~2020年长三角地区41个城市面板数据,采用空间杜宾模型(SDM)与面板门槛模型(PTR)实证检验生产性服务业集聚对碳排放效率的空间效应及中间机制。研究发现:生产性服务业集聚与本地碳排放效率之间存在U型关系,且该种非线性特征同样存在于空间溢出效应之中;在人口密度、对外开放、经济规模3种中间机制约束下,生产性服务业集聚对碳排放效率呈现非线性冲击。其中,人口密度与对外开放存在单一门槛效应,经济规模存在双重门槛效应。在更换回归样本以及计量模型的情况下,实证结果仍然稳健。本文深化了长三角地区生产性服务业集聚与低碳经济增长的相关研究,从供给侧角度为“碳达峰、碳中和”的实现提供不同的治理思路与政策建议。

基于FLUS-InVEST模型的京津冀多情景土地利用变化模拟及其对生态系统服务功能的影响

研究未来不同情景下土地利用变化对区域生态系统服务的影响,可以为城市可持续发展的规划和决策提供有效支持。以京津冀城市群为研究区域,首先利用未来土地利用模拟(FLUS)模型模拟2045年自然发展情景、耕地保护情景和生态保护情景下的土地利用空间分布格局,并结合InVEST模型模拟研究区不同情景下的生境质量、产水量、碳储量、土壤保持量和水质净化服务,在此基础上运用层次分析法构建综合生态系统服务指数(CES),从空间上反映多种生态系统服务的供给总量,研究不同情景下土地利用变化对生态系统服务功能的影响。研究结果表明:①FLUS模型的模拟精度较高,适用于研究区的土地利用模拟。②在生态保护情景下,除产水量相比2015年下降2.47%外,其他几种生态系统服务均有最大幅度的上升,且这4种生态系统服务在西北山区都出现增加的现象;自然发展情景下,城镇用地和农村居民点的扩张引发了大量的碳储量和生境质量损失;耕地保护情景下,水质净化能力出现最大程度的下降。③自然发展情景下京津冀区域CES的损失最大。CES下降幅度最大的区域主要发生在林地被城镇用地侵占,其次是林地被农村居民点侵占的地区,导致生境质量、碳储量和水质净化能力同时下降;在生态保护情景下,林地的增加促进了多种生态系统服务功能同时提升,京津冀区域的CES大幅提高,表明生态保护情景是最有利于可持续发展的土地利用方案。但同时需注意大量造林可能带来的水资源短缺,要因地制宜保护生态环境。研究结果可以为京津冀城市群可持续发展政策的制定提供参考依据,为研究未来不同政策情景下土地利用变化对生态系统服务的影响提供新思路。

基于SDG15.3.1的土地利用变化对生态系统服务价值的影响

[目的]可持续发展目标15.3.1是表征土地退化的重要指标之一,探析土地利用变化和生态系统服务价值(ESV)对可持续发展目标15.3.1的影响是改进土地退化的关键因素。基于土地利用及碳储量变化对SDG15.3.1指标制定新的评价规则,并对SDG15.3.1完成情况进行评估。[方法]采用等效因子法计算生态系统服务价值,以定量分析土地利用变化对ESV的影响。[结果](1)研究区土地利用类型转换频繁,主要表现为高林地、水体和建设用地增加,耕地、草地和灌木林减少,未利用地基本保持不变。(2)ESV在空间上呈中间高、四周低,西部高、东部低的分布格局;2000-2020年总ESV损失7.32×10^(8)元。其中,2000-2010年,土地退化区域的ESV损失3.03×10^(9)元;2010-2020年,土地退化区域的ESV损失2.28×10^(9)元。(3)根据SDG15.3.1评估结果显示,2000-2010年和2010-2020年SDG15.3.1指标分别为5.22%和4.77%,而土地净恢复面积分别为-1.62×10^(5) hm 2和-2.4×10^(5) hm 2。SDG15.3.1指标的完成情况有所提高,但仍未实现土地退化零增长目标。[结论]研究结果为高原城市群在实现可持续发展目标15.3.1过程中土地利用变化对生态系统服务价值的影响提供参考。

生产性服务业集聚对碳生产率的空间溢出效应

为探究生产性服务业集聚能否成为解决“稳增长、促减排”两难困境的良方,论文基于2009—2020年中国30个省份的面板数据,构建中介与空间效应模型,探讨生产性服务业集聚与碳生产率的影响机制和时空特征并进行空间溢出效应分析。结果表明:生产性服务业集聚显著提高碳生产率并存在异质性特征,其促进作用自东部到西部逐渐显著,高端生产性服务业集聚更能推动碳生产率发展;科技创新在生产性服务业集聚影响碳生产率过程中发挥中介作用;本地生产性服务业集聚通过辐射效应对邻近地区碳生产率水平产生正向空间溢出效应,有助于形成地区间绿色协调发展的空间格局。

基于ESDA的中国生产性服务业地理集聚分析

基于ESDA全局和局部空间自相关分析,利用2005-2011年省域就业人数,从全域和局域角度对我国生产性服务业地理集聚进行分析。结果显示:我国的生产性服务业呈东、中、西梯次递减的"半环状"发展格局,并存在显著性的地理集聚;交通运输、仓储和邮政业及金融业具有明显的空间正自相关性和地理集聚现象;房地产业在2008年和2011年存在明显的地理集聚现象;不同行业局域上存在聚类和异常值的省区分布有所不同;不存在地理集聚现象的三类行业为:信息传输、计算机服务和软件业,租赁和商务服务业,科学研究、技术服务和地质勘查业。

基于DEA-Tobit模型的成都平原城市群公共体育服务效率评估

以成都平原城市群中的8个城市为研究对象,运用数据包络分析法对这些城市的公共体育服务效率进行评价。研究结果表明:成都平原城市群公共体育服务整体效率不高,存在投入冗余和产出不足等问题,所有城市都未在最优规模收益下进行公共体育服务建设。通过Tobit回归模型,判断社会环境影响因素与公共体育服务效率值的相关性。在此基础上提出了完善财政转移支付制度,保证资金投入;公共体育服务供给侧改革;打破行政区域设置,整合城市群服务资源和重视国民体质监测工作,推进全民健身发展等4项改进策略。

陕北地区生态系统服务的时空演变、集聚特征及权衡与协同关系

[目的]揭示2000-2020年陕北地区典型生态系统服务的变化特征,丰富生态系统服务的系统研究框架,为陕北地区的可持续发展提供科学参考。[方法]借助INVEST模型、RUSLE方程和NDVI指数量化生态系统固碳、产水、土壤保持和食物供给服务;应用Getis-Ord G_(i)^(*)工具识别冷热点乡(镇、街道)的集聚特征;应用聚类和异常值分析判断生态系统服务间权衡与协同关系的时空格局。[结果](1)2000-2020年陕北地区单位面积碳储量、产水量、土壤保持量和食物供给量增加的区域分别占10.23%,77.91%,90.44%和47.80%;(2)各类生态系统服务均呈现出集聚分布的模式(p<0.01),且高值集聚效应均有所增强,产水和食物供给服务的低值集聚效应同步增加,固碳和土壤保持服务的低值集聚效应减弱;(3)生态系统服务的相互作用关系逐渐由权衡主导过渡到由协同主导,多数生态系统服务间的权衡关系减弱、协同关系增强。[结论]陕北地区生态系统整体呈现向好趋势,但部分区域仍需因地制宜地缓解水资源短板,提高食物供给能力,促进生产与生态的协调发展。

中国服务业集聚研究回顾与展望——基于CSSCI期刊的文献计量分析

本文使用知识图谱工具对CSSCI期刊论文进行文献计量分析,进而归纳出2000—2019年中国服务业集聚研究的核心内容。结果表明:文献广泛涉及服务业集聚的典型特征、形成机制和潜在影响;生产性服务业集聚问题得到了充分的研究;服务业和制造业协同集聚,以及科技服务业、金融业等服务业细分行业的集聚问题备受关注;服务业集聚研究的热点区域包括长三角、长江经济带等。本文认为,未来的中国服务业集聚研究应重视集聚测量精准化、因果推断规范化和研究视角多样化。

基于SaaS的哈长城市群高端装备制造科技服务

围绕哈长城市群高端装备制造业,基于SaaS模式对高端装备制造科技服务进行研究。利用SaaS灵活、易扩展、成本低的服务特性,提出高端装备科技服务系统架构方案,解决协同设计与流通服务资源优化调度与配置问题,深化企业合作,提升企业创新能力。高端装备制造科技服务可以使用户通过网络访问到内部资源,从而保持SaaS系统的独立性,通过有效整合资源,加强网络的互通互联,为科技服务平台的建设研究提供参考。

产业协同集聚对新疆经济高质量发展的影响——以制造业和生产性服务业为例

随着生产性服务业与制造业的融合发展,两业协同集聚对区域经济高质量发展的影响趋向显著。本研究对新疆十五个地州市2013—2021年经济运行数据进行分析发现:新疆两业协同集聚与经济高质量发展水平变动趋势具有较强一致性,但各地州市二者综合发展水平差异显著。南疆在制造业与交通运输、仓储和邮政业协同发展中存在显著短板。固定效应模型分析显示:产业协同集聚对新疆经济高质量发展有明显的促进效应,并显著促进了创新、协调与开放水平,对绿色发展呈正负外部性影响。文章提出以下建议:针对两业细分行业协同集聚短板,提升协同集聚水平,并警惕产业协同集聚由规模效应向拥挤效应转变,防止其对生态环境造成负面影响。

SSM空间模型及其在北部湾城市群生产性服务业发展中的应用

利用SSM空间模型,考察了2007—2011年北部湾各市生产性服务业发展的演变过程,结果表明:2007—2011年,北部湾城市群中各市生产性服务业的增长均受邻近区域的积极影响,并形成了各城市间良性互动的格局;南宁、北海和崇左3市生产性服务业,相对邻近其他地区,具有空间竞争优势;南宁市生产性服务业发展规模远远大于其他5市,表现出"一家独大"。

基于SSM的山东半岛城市群现代服务业竞争力评价研究

运用偏离-份额分析法,从现代服务业各行业的行业结构偏离份额和竞争力偏离份额两个角度,对山东半岛城市群8个主要城市现代服务业的9个具体行业的产业竞争力从行业整体、具体行业及增速方面进行了定量评价,研究结果表明:山东半岛城市群的现代服务业除威海外增长趋势显著,各行业均为区域性增长型部门,产业发展门类和增速水平基本一致.从动态的角度阐述了山东半岛城市群现代服务业的优势和劣势行业,并从产业结构、主导产业和市场需求、政策方面提出了提升半岛城市群现代服务业竞争力的建议.

Traffic accessibility and the coupling degree of ecosystem services supply and demand in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River urban agglomeration,China

The spatial relationships between traffic accessibility and supply and demand(S&D)of ecosystem services(ESs)are essential for the formulation of ecological compensation policies and ESs regulation.In this study,an ESs matrix and coupling analysis method were used to assess ESs S&D based on land-use data for 2000,2010,and 2020,and spatial regression models were used to analyze the correlated impacts of traffic accessibility.The results showed that the ESs supply and balance index in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River urban agglomeration(MRYRUA)continuously decreased,while the demand index increased from 2000 to 2020.The Gini coefficients of these indices continued to increase but did not exceed the warning value(0.4).The coupling degree of ESs S&D continued to increase,and its spatial distribution patterns were similar to that of the ESs demand index,with significantly higher values in the plains than in the montane areas,contrasting with those of the ESs supply index.The results of global bivariate Moran’s I analysis showed a significant spatial dependence between traffic accessibility and the degree of coupling between ESs S&D;the spatial regression results showed that an increase in traffic accessibility promoted the coupling degree.The present results provide a new perspective on the relationship between traffic accessibility and the coupling degree of ESs S&D,representing a case study for similar future research in other regions,and a reference for policy creation based on the matching between ESs S&D in the MRYRUA.

生产性服务业集聚对区域创新效率的影响——基于SFA-面板回归模型的实证研究

以我国2005~2015年30个省份的面板数据为样本,基于随机前沿模型对我国区域创新效率的测算结果,构建固定效应模型衡量生产性服务业集聚对我国区域创新效率的影响,结果表明:生产性服务业集聚规模对我国区域创新效率存在显著的负效应,但生产性服务业集聚强度和均衡度对我国区域创新效率有显著的正相关影响。为此提出优化R&D资源配置,培育高质量的行业人才队伍,建设特色生产性服务业功能区来推动区域创新效率的提升。