In higher plants, vacuolar invertases play essential roles in sugar metabolism, organ development, and sink strength. In sorghum(Sorghum bicolor), two vacuolar invertase genes,Sb VIN1(Sobic. 004 G004800) and Sb VIN2(S...In higher plants, vacuolar invertases play essential roles in sugar metabolism, organ development, and sink strength. In sorghum(Sorghum bicolor), two vacuolar invertase genes,Sb VIN1(Sobic. 004 G004800) and Sb VIN2(Sobic. 006 G160700) have been reported, but their enzymatic properties and functional differences are largely unknown. We combined molecular, biochemical and genomic approaches to investigate their roles in sorghum stem and grain traits. Sb VIN1 and Sb VIN2 showed different expression levels in internodes,leaves, and panicles, indicating that their importance in each organ was different. In an in vitro sucrose hydrolysis assay, proteins of both genes heterologously expressed in Pichia pastoris displayed similar enzyme properties including the same optimum reaction p H(5)and similar Kmfor sucroe(49 mmol L-1 and 45 mmol L-1 for Sb VIN1 and Sb VIN2,respectively). The optimum reaction temperatures of Sb VIN1 and Sb VIN2 were 45 °C and65 °C, respectively. Sb VIN2 showed higher tolerance to high temperature than Sb VIN1. We characterized the sequence variation of these two vacuolar invertase genes in a panel of 216 diverse inbred lines of sweet and grain sorghum and performed gene-based association analysis. Sb VIN1 showed significant associations with stem traits including stem length,stem diameter, internode number, stem fresh weight, and Brix, as well as grain traits including hundred-grain weight and grain width. Significantly associated variation sites were mainly in 5′ upstream and intron regions. Sb VIN2 only associated with grain width and stem water-soluble carbohydrates(WSCs) content. We conclude that the vacuolar invertase genes Sb VIN1 and Sb VIN2 are differently associated with stem and grain traits in sorghum.展开更多
Sugar transporters are essential for osmotic process regulation,various signaling pathways and plant growth and development.Currently,few studies are available on the function of sugar transporters in sorghum(Sorghum ...Sugar transporters are essential for osmotic process regulation,various signaling pathways and plant growth and development.Currently,few studies are available on the function of sugar transporters in sorghum(Sorghum bicolor L.).In this study,we performed a genome-wide survey of sugar transporters in sorghum.In total,98 sorghum sugar transporters(SSTs)were identified via BLASTP.These SSTs were classified into three families based on the phylogenetic and conserved domain analysis,including six sucrose transporters(SUTs),23 sugars will eventually be exported transporters(SWEETs),and 69 monosaccharide transporters(MSTs).The sorghum MSTs were further divided into seven subfamilies,including 24 STPs,23 PLTs,two VGTs,four INTs,three p Glc T/SBG1 s,five TMTs,and eight ERDs.Chromosomal localization of the SST genes showed that they were randomly distributed on 10 chromosomes,and substantial clustering was evident on the specific chromosomes.Twenty-seven SST genes from the families of SWEET,ERD,STP,and PLT were found to cluster in eight tandem repeat event regions.In total,22 SSTs comprising 11 paralogous pairs and accounting for 22.4%of all the genes were located on the duplicated blocks.The different subfamilies of SST proteins possessed the same conserved domain,but there were some differences in features of the motif and transmembrane helices(TMH).The publicly-accessible RNA-sequencing data and real-time PCR revealed that the SST genes exhibited distinctive tissue specific patterns.Functional studies showed that seven SSTs were mainly located on the cell membrane and membrane organelles,and 14 of the SSTs could transport different types of monosaccharides in yeast.These findings will help us to further elucidate their roles in the sorghum sugar transport and sugar signaling pathways.展开更多
E-learning platforms support education systems worldwide, transferring theoretical knowledge as well as soft skills. In the present study high-school pupils’, and adult students’ opinions were evaluated through a mo...E-learning platforms support education systems worldwide, transferring theoretical knowledge as well as soft skills. In the present study high-school pupils’, and adult students’ opinions were evaluated through a modern structured MOODLE interactive course, designed for the needs of the laboratory course “Automotive Systems”. The study concerns Greek secondary vocational education pupils aged 18 and vocational training adult students aged 20 to 50 years. The multistage, equal size simple random cluster sample was used as a sampling method. Pupils and adult students of each cluster completed structured 10-question questionnaires both before and after attending the course. A total of 120 questionnaires were collected. In general, our findings disclosed that the majority of pupils and adult students had significantly improved their knowledge and skills from using MOODLE. They reported strengthening conventional teaching, using the new MOODLE technology. The satisfaction indices improved quite, with the differences in their mean values being statistically significant.展开更多
Diclipteracolorata C. B. Clarke, Euphorbia hirta L. and Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench are reported among plant species used in Congolese traditional medicine to treat Sickle Cell Disease. These medicinal plants have bee...Diclipteracolorata C. B. Clarke, Euphorbia hirta L. and Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench are reported among plant species used in Congolese traditional medicine to treat Sickle Cell Disease. These medicinal plants have been investigated for their inhibitory effect on the induced sickling process of red blood cells using Emmel’s test. Aqueous plant extracts showed good antisickling activity as revealed by the observed normal biconcave form of sickle red blood cells in anoxic conditions. The calculated radius of treated red blood cells by Euphorbia hirta L., Diclipteracolorata C. B. Clarke and Sorghum biocolor (L.) Moench extracts are 3.31 ± 0.55;3.34 ± 0.53;3.17 ± 0.52, respectively. Euphorbia hirta L. is the most active with a normalization rate, more than 70%. The chemical screening performed on these plants showed the presence of anthocyanins which were then extracted. The test carried out with anthocyanin extracts showed that these phenolic compounds have a good antisickling activity and, additionally, possess an anti-hemolytic effect on SS blood. This suggests that the evidenced biological activity of these plants would be due to anthocyanins. The results hence obtained justify the use of these plants in Congolese traditional medicine.展开更多
[Objective] This study aimed to explore the germplasm resources of salt-tolerant Spartina,sweet-stalk Soughum bicolor and high-yield Oryza sativa for innovation of new germplasms of salt-tolerant and sweet-stalk Oryza...[Objective] This study aimed to explore the germplasm resources of salt-tolerant Spartina,sweet-stalk Soughum bicolor and high-yield Oryza sativa for innovation of new germplasms of salt-tolerant and sweet-stalk Oryza sativa with dual purpose of food and forage in sea beach.[Method] From 2009 to 2012,researches on distant hybridization of Spartina,Soughum bicolor and Oryza sativa had been carried out,and the RAPD molecular identification of obtained distant hybridization materials had been conducted.[Result] Experimental evidences of hybrid seed setting,transplanting and economic characters of hybrid materials were obtained;among the 14 hybrid materials for RAPD analysis,5 materials shared common bands with Spartina and Soughum bicolor parents,which were absent in Oryza sativa parent,indicating that the genetic component of Spartina and Soughum bicolor parents has been integrated into the 5 distant hybrids.[Conclusion] This study has important scientific significance in recourse utilization,agricultural efficiency improvement,food security,and cultivation strategy of China,showing broad application prospects.展开更多
Lespedeza bicolor Turcz is a native shrub in the temperate region of China. Thirteen provenances of L. bicolor were investigated in our study. Morphological diversity among and within provenances were analyzed based o...Lespedeza bicolor Turcz is a native shrub in the temperate region of China. Thirteen provenances of L. bicolor were investigated in our study. Morphological diversity among and within provenances were analyzed based on 19 phenotypic traits, including seven vegetative growth characteristics, nine floral traits and three pod characteristics. The coefficient of variation (CV) ranged from 6.4% to 65.4% and the phenotypic differentiation coefficient from 43.3% to 97.3%. Analyses of variance showed that there were extremely significant variations among and within provenances in pod length. Differences in plant height, inter-nodal length, number of branches, leaf width, leaf length and leaf area were not remarkable among provenance, but distinct within provenances. Other traits showed evidence of contrasts. Variation among provenances was the main part of phenotypic variation. Correlation analysis indicated that there were highly significant positive correlations between plant height and other vegetative growth characteristics. Floral traits were not associated with vegetative growth characteristics. The 13 provenances of L. bicolor investigated can be classified into three groups according to a UPGMA cluster analysis.展开更多
According to many years of experimental summary, regulations on planting technique of harmless feeding Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moenchwere studied from the application scope, basic demands of planting, preparation be fo...According to many years of experimental summary, regulations on planting technique of harmless feeding Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moenchwere studied from the application scope, basic demands of planting, preparation be fore seeding, demands of seeding, field management, clipping and harvesting, transportation, storage, ledger management and other technical requirements, and specific measures and technical indicators of the technical regulations were analyzed, so as to provide normalized, standardized, industrial and marketization technical support for the planting of harmless feeding S. bicolor (L.) Moench.展开更多
To investigate whether the expression of exogenous heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) gene within vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) could protect the cells from free radical attack and inhibit cell proliferation, we establishe...To investigate whether the expression of exogenous heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) gene within vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) could protect the cells from free radical attack and inhibit cell proliferation, we established an in vitro transfection of human HO-1 gene into rat VSMC mediated by a retroviral vector. The results showed that the profound expression of HO-1 protein as well as HO activity was 1.8- and 2.0-fold increased respectively in the transfected cells compared to the non-transfected ones. The treatment of VSMC with different concentrations of H2O2 led to the remarkable cell damage as indicated by survival rate and LDH leakage. However, the resistance of the HO-1 transfected VSMC against H2O2 was significantly raised. This protective effect was dramatically diminished when the transfected VSMC were pretreated with ZnPP-IX, a specific inhibitor of HO, for 24 h. In addition, we found that the growth potential of the transfected cells was significantly inhibited directly by increased activity of HO-1, and this effect might be related to decreased phosphorylation of MAPK. These results suggest that the overexpression of introduced hHO-1 is potentially able to reduce the risk factors of atherosclerosis, partially due to its cellular protection against oxidative injury and to its inhibitory effect on cellular proliferation.展开更多
One specimen was collected from Lancangjiang River in Jinghong,China on August 1st,2006.It is identified as Anguilla bicolor McClelland,1844,a new record of Anguillidae species occurring in Lancangjiang River in China...One specimen was collected from Lancangjiang River in Jinghong,China on August 1st,2006.It is identified as Anguilla bicolor McClelland,1844,a new record of Anguillidae species occurring in Lancangjiang River in China.It could be distinguished from other Anguilla species by the character as:dorsal-fin origin located above vent vertically.It is an active nocturnal forager,feeding largely on a diet of crustaceans and mollusks.展开更多
Alzheimer’s disease not only affects the brain,but also induces metabolic dysfunction in peripheral organs and alters the gut microbiota.The aim of this study was to investigate systemic changes that occur in Alzhei...Alzheimer’s disease not only affects the brain,but also induces metabolic dysfunction in peripheral organs and alters the gut microbiota.The aim of this study was to investigate systemic changes that occur in Alzheimer’s disease,in particular the association between changes in peripheral organ metabolism,changes in gut microbial composition,and Alzheimer’s disease development.To do this,we analyzed peripheral organ metabolism and the gut microbiota in amyloid precursor protein-presenilin 1(APP/PS1)transgenic and control mice at 3,6,9,and 12 months of age.Twelve-month-old APP/PS1 mice exhibited cognitive impairment,Alzheimer’s disease-related brain changes,distinctive metabolic disturbances in peripheral organs and fecal samples(as detected by untargeted metabolomics sequencing),and substantial changes in gut microbial composition compared with younger APP/PS1 mice.Notably,a strong correlation emerged between the gut microbiota and kidney metabolism in APP/PS1 mice.These findings suggest that alterations in peripheral organ metabolism and the gut microbiota are closely related to Alzheimer’s disease development,indicating potential new directions for therapeutic strategies.展开更多
Beginning with a 5D homogeneous universe [1], we have provided a plausible explanation of the self-rotation phenomenon of stellar objects previously with illustration of large number of star samples [2], via a 5D-4D p...Beginning with a 5D homogeneous universe [1], we have provided a plausible explanation of the self-rotation phenomenon of stellar objects previously with illustration of large number of star samples [2], via a 5D-4D projection. The origin of such rotation is the balance of the angular momenta of stars and that of positive and negative charged e-trino pairs, within a 3D ⊗1D?void of the stellar object, the existence of which is based on conservation/parity laws in physics if one starts with homogeneous 5D universe. While the in-phase e-trino pairs are proposed to be responsible for the generation of angular momentum, the anti-phase but oppositely charge pairs necessarily produce currents. In the 5D to 4D projection, one space variable in the 5D manifold was compacted to zero in most other 5D theories (including theories of Kaluza-Klein and Einstein [3] [4]). We have demonstrated, using the Fermat’s Last Theorem [5], that for validity of gauge invariance at the 4D-5D boundary, the 4th space variable in the 5D manifold is mapped into two current rings at both magnetic poles as required by Perelman entropy mapping;these loops are the origin of the dipolar magnetic field. One conclusion we draw is that there is no gravitational singularity, and hence no black holes in the universe, a result strongly supported by the recent discovery of many stars with masses well greater than 100 solar mass [6] [7] [8], without trace of phenomena observed (such as strong gamma and X ray emissions), which are supposed to be associated with black holes. We analyze the properties of such loop currents on the 4D-5D boundary, where Maxwell equations are valid. We derive explicit expressions for the dipolar fields over the whole temperature range. We then compare our prediction with measured surface magnetic fields of many stars. Since there is coupling in distribution between the in-phase and anti-phase pairs of e-trinos, the generated mag-netic field is directly related to the angular momentum, leading to the result that the magnetic field can be expressible in terms of only the mechanical variables (mass M, radius R, rotation period P)of a star, as if Maxwell equations are “hidden”. An explanation for the occurrence of this “un-expected result” is provided in Section (7.6). Therefore we provide satisfactory answers to a number of “mysteries” of magnetism in astrophysics such as the “Magnetic Bode’s Relation/Law” [9] and the experimental finding that B-P graph in the log-log plot is linear. Moreover, we have developed a new method for studying the relations among the data (M, R, P) during stellar evolution. Ten groups of stellar objects, effectively over 2000 samples are used in various parts of the analysis. We also explain the emergence of huge magnetic field in very old stars like White Dwarfs in terms of formation of 2D Semion state on stellar surface and release of magnetic flux as magnetic storms upon changing the 2D state back to 3D structure. Moreover, we provide an explanation, on the ground of the 5D theory, for the detection of extremely weak fields in Venus and Mars and the asymmetric distribution of magnetic field on the Martian surface. We predict the equatorial fields B of the newly discovered Trappist-1 star and the 6 nearest planets. The log B?−?log P graph for the 6 planets is linear and they satisfy the Magnetic Bode’s relation. Based on the above analysis, we have discovered several new laws of stellar magnetism, which are summarized in Section (7.6).展开更多
Cytoplasmic male sterility(cms)is determined by nuclear-cytoplasmic interactions. Up to now, most studies are focused on the comparison of cytoplasmic DNAs of male-sterile lines and male-fertile lines, and analysis of...Cytoplasmic male sterility(cms)is determined by nuclear-cytoplasmic interactions. Up to now, most studies are focused on the comparison of cytoplasmic DNAs of male-sterile lines and male-fertile lines, and analysis of nuclear DNA has not been documented yet. In order to find out the possible difference in nuclear genome of male-sterile line A1 Tx623 and corresponding male-fertile line Tx623 of sorghum, random amplified polymorphic DNA(RAPD)approach was used to analyze their cytoplasmic and nuclear genomes. Total DNAs of them were amplified at first to screen primers, which were able to generate reproducible bands specific to male-sterile line or male-fertile line. Then the selected primers were used to amplify their mitochon-drial DNA(mtDNA)and chloroplast DNA(cpDNA). The origins of all the polymorphic fragments were analyzed. After ruling out those amplified from cytoplasmic DNA, seventeen polymorphic fragments were determined to be amplified from nuclear DNA. These fragments originated from nuclear DNA indicate that differences in sequence exist between the nuclear DNA of male-sterile line and male-fertile line of sorghum, which do not agree with the traditional standpoint that they have identical nucleus.展开更多
The jasmonate ZIM domain(JAZ)protein belongs to the TIFY((TIF[F/Y]XG)domain protein)family,which is composed of several plant-specific proteins that play important roles in plant growth,development,and defense respons...The jasmonate ZIM domain(JAZ)protein belongs to the TIFY((TIF[F/Y]XG)domain protein)family,which is composed of several plant-specific proteins that play important roles in plant growth,development,and defense responses.However,the mechanism of the sorghum JAZ family in response to abiotic stress remains unclear.In the present study,a total of 17 JAZ genes were identified in sorghum using a Hidden Markov Model search.In addition,real-time quantification polymerase chain reaction(RT-qPCR)was used to analyze the gene expression patterns under abiotic stress.Based on phylogenetic tree analysis,the sorghum JAZ proteins were mainly divided into nine subfamilies.A promoter analysis revealed that the SbJAZ family contains diverse types of promoter cis-acting elements,indicating that JAZ proteins function in multiple pathways upon stress stimulation in plants.According to RT-qPCR,SbJAZ gene expression is tissuespecific.Additionally,under cold,hot,polyethylene glycol,jasmonic acid,abscisic acid,and gibberellin treatments,the expression patterns of SbJAZ genes were distinctly different,indicating that the expression of SbJAZ genes may be coordinated with different stresses.Furthermore,the overexpression of SbJAZ1 in Escherichia coli was found to promote the growth of recombinant cells under abiotic stresses,such as PEG 6000,NaCl,and 40℃ treatments.Altogether,our findings help us to better understand the potential molecular mechanisms of the SbJAZ family in sorghum in response to abiotic stresses.展开更多
In this research we are going to define two new concepts: a) “The Potential of Events” (EP) and b) “The Catholic Information” (CI). The term CI derives from the ancient Greek language and declares all the Catholic...In this research we are going to define two new concepts: a) “The Potential of Events” (EP) and b) “The Catholic Information” (CI). The term CI derives from the ancient Greek language and declares all the Catholic (general) Logical Propositions (<img src="Edit_5f13a4a5-abc6-4bc5-9e4c-4ff981627b2a.png" width="33" height="21" alt="" />) which will true for every element of a set A. We will study the Riemann Hypothesis in two stages: a) By using the EP we will prove that the distribution of events e (even) and o (odd) of Square Free Numbers (SFN) on the axis Ax(N) of naturals is Heads-Tails (H-T) type. b) By using the CI we will explain the way that the distribution of prime numbers can be correlated with the non-trivial zeros of the function <em>ζ</em>(<em>s</em>) of Riemann. The Introduction and the Chapter 2 are necessary for understanding the solution. In the Chapter 3 we will present a simple method of forecasting in many very useful applications (e.g. financial, technological, medical, social, etc) developing a generalization of this new, proven here, theory which we finally apply to the solution of RH. The following Introduction as well the Results with the Discussion at the end shed light about the possibility of the proof of all the above. The article consists of 9 chapters that are numbered by 1, 2, …, 9.展开更多
Sucrose nonfermenting-related protein kinase 1(SnRK1)is one of the critical serine/threonine protein kinases.It commonly mediates plant growth and development,cross-talks with metabolism processes and physiological re...Sucrose nonfermenting-related protein kinase 1(SnRK1)is one of the critical serine/threonine protein kinases.It commonly mediates plant growth and development,cross-talks with metabolism processes and physiological responses to biotic or abiotic stresses.It plays a key role in distributing carbohydrates and sugar signal transporting.In the present study,eight SnRK1 coding genes were identified in sorghum(Sorghum bicolor L.)via sequences alignment,with three forαsubunits(SnRK1α1 to SnRK1α3),three forβ(SnRK1β1 to SnRK1β3),and one for bothγ(SnRK1γ)andβγ(SnRK1βγ).These eight corresponding genes located on five chromosomes(Chr)of Chr1–3,Chr7,and Chr9 and presented collinearities to SnRK1s from maize and rice,exhibiting highly conserved domains within the same subunits from the three kinds of cereals.Expression results via qRT-PCR showed that different coding genes of SnRK1s in sorghum possessed similar expression patterns except for SnRK1α3 with a low expression level in grains and SnRK1β2 with a relatively high expression level in inflorescences.Results of subcellular localization in sorghum leaf protoplast showed that SnRK1α1/α2/α3/γmainly located on organelles,while the rest four of SnRK1β1/β2/β3/βγlocated on both membranes and some organelles.Besides,three combinations were discovered among eight SnRK1 subunits in sorghum through yeast two hybrid,includingα1-β2-βγ,α2-β3-γ,andα3-β3-γ.These results provide informative references for the following functional dissection of SnRK1 subunits in sorghum.展开更多
AIM: To determine whether normal genetically immunocompetent rodent hosts could be manipulated to accept human hepatocyte transplants with long term survival without immunosuppression. METHODS: Tolerance towards human...AIM: To determine whether normal genetically immunocompetent rodent hosts could be manipulated to accept human hepatocyte transplants with long term survival without immunosuppression. METHODS: Tolerance towards human hepatocytes was established by injection of primary human hepatocytes or Huh7 human hepatoma cells into the peritoneal cavities of fetal rats. Corresponding cells were subsequently transplanted into newborn rats via intrasplenic injection within 24h after birth. RESULTS: Mixed lymphocyte assays showed that spleen cells from non-tolerized rats were stimulated to proliferate when exposed to human hepatocytes, while cells from tolerized rats were not. Injections made between 15 d and 17 d of gestation produced optimal tolerization. Transplanted human hepatocytes in rat livers were visualized by immunohistochemical staining of human albumin. By dot blotting of genomic DNA in livers of tolerized rats 16 weeks after hepatocyte transplantation, it was found that approximately 2.5 X 10(5) human hepatocytes survived per rat liver. Human albumin mRNA was detected in rat livers by RT-PCR for 15 wk, and human albumin protein was also detectable in rat serum. CONCLUSION: Tolerization of an immuno-competent rat can permit transplantation, and survival of functional human hepatocytes.展开更多
In patients with Alzheimer’s disease,gamma-glutamyl transferase 5(GGT5)expression has been observed to be downregulated in cerebrovascular endothelial cells.However,the functional role of GGT5 in the development of A...In patients with Alzheimer’s disease,gamma-glutamyl transferase 5(GGT5)expression has been observed to be downregulated in cerebrovascular endothelial cells.However,the functional role of GGT5 in the development of Alzheimer’s disease remains unclear.This study aimed to explore the effect of GGT5 on cognitive function and brain pathology in an APP/PS1 mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease,as well as the underlying mechanism.We observed a significant reduction in GGT5 expression in two in vitro models of Alzheimer’s disease(Aβ_(1-42)-treated hCMEC/D3 and bEnd.3 cells),as well as in the APP/PS1 mouse model.Additionally,injection of APP/PS1 mice with an adeno-associated virus encoding GGT5 enhanced hippocampal synaptic plasticity and mitigated cognitive deficits.Interestingly,increasing GGT5 expression in cerebrovascular endothelial cells reduced levels of both soluble and insoluble amyloid-βin the brains of APP/PS1 mice.This effect may be attributable to inhibition of the expression ofβ-site APP cleaving enzyme 1,which is mediated by nuclear factor-kappa B.Our findings demonstrate that GGT5 expression in cerebrovascular endothelial cells is inversely associated with Alzheimer’s disease pathogenesis,and that GGT5 upregulation mitigates cognitive deficits in APP/PS1 mice.These findings suggest that GGT5 expression in cerebrovascular endothelial cells is a potential therapeutic target and biomarker for Alzheimer’s disease.展开更多
Sorghum bicolor is among main staple crops of Chad but it is commonly attacked by Striga hermonthica. Assessment of sorghum varieties for resistance to this weed was carried out during three cropping seasons (2005-2...Sorghum bicolor is among main staple crops of Chad but it is commonly attacked by Striga hermonthica. Assessment of sorghum varieties for resistance to this weed was carried out during three cropping seasons (2005-2008), in controlled conditions; promising entries (those which fulfilled at least 75% of selection criteria) were evaluated in farmer field in 2008-2009 seasons. There were five sites (Bebedjia, Deli, Bekao, Koudoti and Ndaba). The objective was to evaluate some sorghum entries for S. hermonthica resistance in farmer field. Sorghum test was composed of four entries in Fisher blocks as experimental designs, with five replications. Among different observed variables, there were striga plant count and weight of sorghum grains. One promising entry was selected at Bebedjia and Ndaba (53), two at Deli and Koudoti (50 and 53). No entry was selected at Bekao. Promising entries for the whole Southern zone of Chad were composed of 50 and 53. The best entry was 53 because it was promising in all sites except Bekao.展开更多
In sub-Saharan Africa, Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) is an important cereal for both human being and animals. Unfortunately, its production is confronted to soils with deficiency of phosphorus. Traditional use of mineral ...In sub-Saharan Africa, Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) is an important cereal for both human being and animals. Unfortunately, its production is confronted to soils with deficiency of phosphorus. Traditional use of mineral phosphate on this culture fertilization is expensive and may cause contamination. It is thus necessary to seek more efficient and economic reasonable techniques to improve sorghum growth. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) constitute a reference for phosphorus improvement and plant nutrition. This study aimed to investigate the effects of AMF strains (Rhizophagus irregulare, Glomus aggregatum, G. mosseae) on growth of sorghum cultivated in greenhouse on Sangalkam soil (Senegal) sterilized with or without Tilemsi natural phosphate (PNT). The phosphorus can represent until 0.2% of the dry weight of the plant. Two fertilizers were used separately and together to doses of 20 g by strain, 100 mg and 200 mg of PNT. The experiment lasted for 120 d. Results showed that mycorrhizal colonization intensity varied between 40% and 80% for all treatments. AMF inoculation increased sorghum plant height and biomass, regardless of PNT amendment. The inoculation permits to bring strain of AMF that intervene efficiently in the transportation and the availability of phosphorus for the plant.展开更多
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.31471570,No.31461143023)Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China(2015BAD15B03).
文摘In higher plants, vacuolar invertases play essential roles in sugar metabolism, organ development, and sink strength. In sorghum(Sorghum bicolor), two vacuolar invertase genes,Sb VIN1(Sobic. 004 G004800) and Sb VIN2(Sobic. 006 G160700) have been reported, but their enzymatic properties and functional differences are largely unknown. We combined molecular, biochemical and genomic approaches to investigate their roles in sorghum stem and grain traits. Sb VIN1 and Sb VIN2 showed different expression levels in internodes,leaves, and panicles, indicating that their importance in each organ was different. In an in vitro sucrose hydrolysis assay, proteins of both genes heterologously expressed in Pichia pastoris displayed similar enzyme properties including the same optimum reaction p H(5)and similar Kmfor sucroe(49 mmol L-1 and 45 mmol L-1 for Sb VIN1 and Sb VIN2,respectively). The optimum reaction temperatures of Sb VIN1 and Sb VIN2 were 45 °C and65 °C, respectively. Sb VIN2 showed higher tolerance to high temperature than Sb VIN1. We characterized the sequence variation of these two vacuolar invertase genes in a panel of 216 diverse inbred lines of sweet and grain sorghum and performed gene-based association analysis. Sb VIN1 showed significant associations with stem traits including stem length,stem diameter, internode number, stem fresh weight, and Brix, as well as grain traits including hundred-grain weight and grain width. Significantly associated variation sites were mainly in 5′ upstream and intron regions. Sb VIN2 only associated with grain width and stem water-soluble carbohydrates(WSCs) content. We conclude that the vacuolar invertase genes Sb VIN1 and Sb VIN2 are differently associated with stem and grain traits in sorghum.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32001607)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of Southwest University,China(SWU118087)。
文摘Sugar transporters are essential for osmotic process regulation,various signaling pathways and plant growth and development.Currently,few studies are available on the function of sugar transporters in sorghum(Sorghum bicolor L.).In this study,we performed a genome-wide survey of sugar transporters in sorghum.In total,98 sorghum sugar transporters(SSTs)were identified via BLASTP.These SSTs were classified into three families based on the phylogenetic and conserved domain analysis,including six sucrose transporters(SUTs),23 sugars will eventually be exported transporters(SWEETs),and 69 monosaccharide transporters(MSTs).The sorghum MSTs were further divided into seven subfamilies,including 24 STPs,23 PLTs,two VGTs,four INTs,three p Glc T/SBG1 s,five TMTs,and eight ERDs.Chromosomal localization of the SST genes showed that they were randomly distributed on 10 chromosomes,and substantial clustering was evident on the specific chromosomes.Twenty-seven SST genes from the families of SWEET,ERD,STP,and PLT were found to cluster in eight tandem repeat event regions.In total,22 SSTs comprising 11 paralogous pairs and accounting for 22.4%of all the genes were located on the duplicated blocks.The different subfamilies of SST proteins possessed the same conserved domain,but there were some differences in features of the motif and transmembrane helices(TMH).The publicly-accessible RNA-sequencing data and real-time PCR revealed that the SST genes exhibited distinctive tissue specific patterns.Functional studies showed that seven SSTs were mainly located on the cell membrane and membrane organelles,and 14 of the SSTs could transport different types of monosaccharides in yeast.These findings will help us to further elucidate their roles in the sorghum sugar transport and sugar signaling pathways.
文摘E-learning platforms support education systems worldwide, transferring theoretical knowledge as well as soft skills. In the present study high-school pupils’, and adult students’ opinions were evaluated through a modern structured MOODLE interactive course, designed for the needs of the laboratory course “Automotive Systems”. The study concerns Greek secondary vocational education pupils aged 18 and vocational training adult students aged 20 to 50 years. The multistage, equal size simple random cluster sample was used as a sampling method. Pupils and adult students of each cluster completed structured 10-question questionnaires both before and after attending the course. A total of 120 questionnaires were collected. In general, our findings disclosed that the majority of pupils and adult students had significantly improved their knowledge and skills from using MOODLE. They reported strengthening conventional teaching, using the new MOODLE technology. The satisfaction indices improved quite, with the differences in their mean values being statistically significant.
文摘Diclipteracolorata C. B. Clarke, Euphorbia hirta L. and Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench are reported among plant species used in Congolese traditional medicine to treat Sickle Cell Disease. These medicinal plants have been investigated for their inhibitory effect on the induced sickling process of red blood cells using Emmel’s test. Aqueous plant extracts showed good antisickling activity as revealed by the observed normal biconcave form of sickle red blood cells in anoxic conditions. The calculated radius of treated red blood cells by Euphorbia hirta L., Diclipteracolorata C. B. Clarke and Sorghum biocolor (L.) Moench extracts are 3.31 ± 0.55;3.34 ± 0.53;3.17 ± 0.52, respectively. Euphorbia hirta L. is the most active with a normalization rate, more than 70%. The chemical screening performed on these plants showed the presence of anthocyanins which were then extracted. The test carried out with anthocyanin extracts showed that these phenolic compounds have a good antisickling activity and, additionally, possess an anti-hemolytic effect on SS blood. This suggests that the evidenced biological activity of these plants would be due to anthocyanins. The results hence obtained justify the use of these plants in Congolese traditional medicine.
基金Supported by Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province"Exploration and Innovation of Salt-tolerant and Sweet-stalk Rice Germplasm Resources with Dual Purpose of Food and Forage in Sea Beach"(BK2010270)Application Research Project from Nantong Municipal Science and Technology Bureau"Study on Molecular Breeding Technology for Salt-tolerant and Sweet-stalk Superior Forage Rice in Sea Beach"(BK2011006)~~
文摘[Objective] This study aimed to explore the germplasm resources of salt-tolerant Spartina,sweet-stalk Soughum bicolor and high-yield Oryza sativa for innovation of new germplasms of salt-tolerant and sweet-stalk Oryza sativa with dual purpose of food and forage in sea beach.[Method] From 2009 to 2012,researches on distant hybridization of Spartina,Soughum bicolor and Oryza sativa had been carried out,and the RAPD molecular identification of obtained distant hybridization materials had been conducted.[Result] Experimental evidences of hybrid seed setting,transplanting and economic characters of hybrid materials were obtained;among the 14 hybrid materials for RAPD analysis,5 materials shared common bands with Spartina and Soughum bicolor parents,which were absent in Oryza sativa parent,indicating that the genetic component of Spartina and Soughum bicolor parents has been integrated into the 5 distant hybrids.[Conclusion] This study has important scientific significance in recourse utilization,agricultural efficiency improvement,food security,and cultivation strategy of China,showing broad application prospects.
文摘Lespedeza bicolor Turcz is a native shrub in the temperate region of China. Thirteen provenances of L. bicolor were investigated in our study. Morphological diversity among and within provenances were analyzed based on 19 phenotypic traits, including seven vegetative growth characteristics, nine floral traits and three pod characteristics. The coefficient of variation (CV) ranged from 6.4% to 65.4% and the phenotypic differentiation coefficient from 43.3% to 97.3%. Analyses of variance showed that there were extremely significant variations among and within provenances in pod length. Differences in plant height, inter-nodal length, number of branches, leaf width, leaf length and leaf area were not remarkable among provenance, but distinct within provenances. Other traits showed evidence of contrasts. Variation among provenances was the main part of phenotypic variation. Correlation analysis indicated that there were highly significant positive correlations between plant height and other vegetative growth characteristics. Floral traits were not associated with vegetative growth characteristics. The 13 provenances of L. bicolor investigated can be classified into three groups according to a UPGMA cluster analysis.
基金Part of this paper was presented at the 8th Congress of Toxicology in Developing Countries(8CTDC)under the auspices of International Union of Toxicology(IUTOX)September 10-13,2012:at Centara Grand at Central Ladprao,Bangkok,Thailand.
基金Supported by Special Fund for Agro-scientific Research in the Public Interest(20120304201)~~
文摘According to many years of experimental summary, regulations on planting technique of harmless feeding Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moenchwere studied from the application scope, basic demands of planting, preparation be fore seeding, demands of seeding, field management, clipping and harvesting, transportation, storage, ledger management and other technical requirements, and specific measures and technical indicators of the technical regulations were analyzed, so as to provide normalized, standardized, industrial and marketization technical support for the planting of harmless feeding S. bicolor (L.) Moench.
基金This work was kindly supported by Na-tional Natural Science Foundation of China(No.39670308)
文摘To investigate whether the expression of exogenous heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) gene within vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) could protect the cells from free radical attack and inhibit cell proliferation, we established an in vitro transfection of human HO-1 gene into rat VSMC mediated by a retroviral vector. The results showed that the profound expression of HO-1 protein as well as HO activity was 1.8- and 2.0-fold increased respectively in the transfected cells compared to the non-transfected ones. The treatment of VSMC with different concentrations of H2O2 led to the remarkable cell damage as indicated by survival rate and LDH leakage. However, the resistance of the HO-1 transfected VSMC against H2O2 was significantly raised. This protective effect was dramatically diminished when the transfected VSMC were pretreated with ZnPP-IX, a specific inhibitor of HO, for 24 h. In addition, we found that the growth potential of the transfected cells was significantly inhibited directly by increased activity of HO-1, and this effect might be related to decreased phosphorylation of MAPK. These results suggest that the overexpression of introduced hHO-1 is potentially able to reduce the risk factors of atherosclerosis, partially due to its cellular protection against oxidative injury and to its inhibitory effect on cellular proliferation.
基金This study was supported by the National Science Foundation of China(30970326,U0936602,30870291)the Scientific Research Foundation of Yunnan University(2008YB004)
文摘One specimen was collected from Lancangjiang River in Jinghong,China on August 1st,2006.It is identified as Anguilla bicolor McClelland,1844,a new record of Anguillidae species occurring in Lancangjiang River in China.It could be distinguished from other Anguilla species by the character as:dorsal-fin origin located above vent vertically.It is an active nocturnal forager,feeding largely on a diet of crustaceans and mollusks.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.823 74552 (to WP)the Science and Technology Innovation Program of Hunan Province,No.2022RC1220 (to WP)+1 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province of China,Nos.2020JJ4803 (to WP),2022JJ40723 (to MY)the Scientific Research Launch Project for New Employees of the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University (to MY)
文摘Alzheimer’s disease not only affects the brain,but also induces metabolic dysfunction in peripheral organs and alters the gut microbiota.The aim of this study was to investigate systemic changes that occur in Alzheimer’s disease,in particular the association between changes in peripheral organ metabolism,changes in gut microbial composition,and Alzheimer’s disease development.To do this,we analyzed peripheral organ metabolism and the gut microbiota in amyloid precursor protein-presenilin 1(APP/PS1)transgenic and control mice at 3,6,9,and 12 months of age.Twelve-month-old APP/PS1 mice exhibited cognitive impairment,Alzheimer’s disease-related brain changes,distinctive metabolic disturbances in peripheral organs and fecal samples(as detected by untargeted metabolomics sequencing),and substantial changes in gut microbial composition compared with younger APP/PS1 mice.Notably,a strong correlation emerged between the gut microbiota and kidney metabolism in APP/PS1 mice.These findings suggest that alterations in peripheral organ metabolism and the gut microbiota are closely related to Alzheimer’s disease development,indicating potential new directions for therapeutic strategies.
文摘Beginning with a 5D homogeneous universe [1], we have provided a plausible explanation of the self-rotation phenomenon of stellar objects previously with illustration of large number of star samples [2], via a 5D-4D projection. The origin of such rotation is the balance of the angular momenta of stars and that of positive and negative charged e-trino pairs, within a 3D ⊗1D?void of the stellar object, the existence of which is based on conservation/parity laws in physics if one starts with homogeneous 5D universe. While the in-phase e-trino pairs are proposed to be responsible for the generation of angular momentum, the anti-phase but oppositely charge pairs necessarily produce currents. In the 5D to 4D projection, one space variable in the 5D manifold was compacted to zero in most other 5D theories (including theories of Kaluza-Klein and Einstein [3] [4]). We have demonstrated, using the Fermat’s Last Theorem [5], that for validity of gauge invariance at the 4D-5D boundary, the 4th space variable in the 5D manifold is mapped into two current rings at both magnetic poles as required by Perelman entropy mapping;these loops are the origin of the dipolar magnetic field. One conclusion we draw is that there is no gravitational singularity, and hence no black holes in the universe, a result strongly supported by the recent discovery of many stars with masses well greater than 100 solar mass [6] [7] [8], without trace of phenomena observed (such as strong gamma and X ray emissions), which are supposed to be associated with black holes. We analyze the properties of such loop currents on the 4D-5D boundary, where Maxwell equations are valid. We derive explicit expressions for the dipolar fields over the whole temperature range. We then compare our prediction with measured surface magnetic fields of many stars. Since there is coupling in distribution between the in-phase and anti-phase pairs of e-trinos, the generated mag-netic field is directly related to the angular momentum, leading to the result that the magnetic field can be expressible in terms of only the mechanical variables (mass M, radius R, rotation period P)of a star, as if Maxwell equations are “hidden”. An explanation for the occurrence of this “un-expected result” is provided in Section (7.6). Therefore we provide satisfactory answers to a number of “mysteries” of magnetism in astrophysics such as the “Magnetic Bode’s Relation/Law” [9] and the experimental finding that B-P graph in the log-log plot is linear. Moreover, we have developed a new method for studying the relations among the data (M, R, P) during stellar evolution. Ten groups of stellar objects, effectively over 2000 samples are used in various parts of the analysis. We also explain the emergence of huge magnetic field in very old stars like White Dwarfs in terms of formation of 2D Semion state on stellar surface and release of magnetic flux as magnetic storms upon changing the 2D state back to 3D structure. Moreover, we provide an explanation, on the ground of the 5D theory, for the detection of extremely weak fields in Venus and Mars and the asymmetric distribution of magnetic field on the Martian surface. We predict the equatorial fields B of the newly discovered Trappist-1 star and the 6 nearest planets. The log B?−?log P graph for the 6 planets is linear and they satisfy the Magnetic Bode’s relation. Based on the above analysis, we have discovered several new laws of stellar magnetism, which are summarized in Section (7.6).
文摘Cytoplasmic male sterility(cms)is determined by nuclear-cytoplasmic interactions. Up to now, most studies are focused on the comparison of cytoplasmic DNAs of male-sterile lines and male-fertile lines, and analysis of nuclear DNA has not been documented yet. In order to find out the possible difference in nuclear genome of male-sterile line A1 Tx623 and corresponding male-fertile line Tx623 of sorghum, random amplified polymorphic DNA(RAPD)approach was used to analyze their cytoplasmic and nuclear genomes. Total DNAs of them were amplified at first to screen primers, which were able to generate reproducible bands specific to male-sterile line or male-fertile line. Then the selected primers were used to amplify their mitochon-drial DNA(mtDNA)and chloroplast DNA(cpDNA). The origins of all the polymorphic fragments were analyzed. After ruling out those amplified from cytoplasmic DNA, seventeen polymorphic fragments were determined to be amplified from nuclear DNA. These fragments originated from nuclear DNA indicate that differences in sequence exist between the nuclear DNA of male-sterile line and male-fertile line of sorghum, which do not agree with the traditional standpoint that they have identical nucleus.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32060614 and 32272514)the Guizhou Provincial Science and Technology Project,China([2022]091)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2022MD713740).
文摘The jasmonate ZIM domain(JAZ)protein belongs to the TIFY((TIF[F/Y]XG)domain protein)family,which is composed of several plant-specific proteins that play important roles in plant growth,development,and defense responses.However,the mechanism of the sorghum JAZ family in response to abiotic stress remains unclear.In the present study,a total of 17 JAZ genes were identified in sorghum using a Hidden Markov Model search.In addition,real-time quantification polymerase chain reaction(RT-qPCR)was used to analyze the gene expression patterns under abiotic stress.Based on phylogenetic tree analysis,the sorghum JAZ proteins were mainly divided into nine subfamilies.A promoter analysis revealed that the SbJAZ family contains diverse types of promoter cis-acting elements,indicating that JAZ proteins function in multiple pathways upon stress stimulation in plants.According to RT-qPCR,SbJAZ gene expression is tissuespecific.Additionally,under cold,hot,polyethylene glycol,jasmonic acid,abscisic acid,and gibberellin treatments,the expression patterns of SbJAZ genes were distinctly different,indicating that the expression of SbJAZ genes may be coordinated with different stresses.Furthermore,the overexpression of SbJAZ1 in Escherichia coli was found to promote the growth of recombinant cells under abiotic stresses,such as PEG 6000,NaCl,and 40℃ treatments.Altogether,our findings help us to better understand the potential molecular mechanisms of the SbJAZ family in sorghum in response to abiotic stresses.
文摘In this research we are going to define two new concepts: a) “The Potential of Events” (EP) and b) “The Catholic Information” (CI). The term CI derives from the ancient Greek language and declares all the Catholic (general) Logical Propositions (<img src="Edit_5f13a4a5-abc6-4bc5-9e4c-4ff981627b2a.png" width="33" height="21" alt="" />) which will true for every element of a set A. We will study the Riemann Hypothesis in two stages: a) By using the EP we will prove that the distribution of events e (even) and o (odd) of Square Free Numbers (SFN) on the axis Ax(N) of naturals is Heads-Tails (H-T) type. b) By using the CI we will explain the way that the distribution of prime numbers can be correlated with the non-trivial zeros of the function <em>ζ</em>(<em>s</em>) of Riemann. The Introduction and the Chapter 2 are necessary for understanding the solution. In the Chapter 3 we will present a simple method of forecasting in many very useful applications (e.g. financial, technological, medical, social, etc) developing a generalization of this new, proven here, theory which we finally apply to the solution of RH. The following Introduction as well the Results with the Discussion at the end shed light about the possibility of the proof of all the above. The article consists of 9 chapters that are numbered by 1, 2, …, 9.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32001607)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of Southwest University,China(SWU118087)。
文摘Sucrose nonfermenting-related protein kinase 1(SnRK1)is one of the critical serine/threonine protein kinases.It commonly mediates plant growth and development,cross-talks with metabolism processes and physiological responses to biotic or abiotic stresses.It plays a key role in distributing carbohydrates and sugar signal transporting.In the present study,eight SnRK1 coding genes were identified in sorghum(Sorghum bicolor L.)via sequences alignment,with three forαsubunits(SnRK1α1 to SnRK1α3),three forβ(SnRK1β1 to SnRK1β3),and one for bothγ(SnRK1γ)andβγ(SnRK1βγ).These eight corresponding genes located on five chromosomes(Chr)of Chr1–3,Chr7,and Chr9 and presented collinearities to SnRK1s from maize and rice,exhibiting highly conserved domains within the same subunits from the three kinds of cereals.Expression results via qRT-PCR showed that different coding genes of SnRK1s in sorghum possessed similar expression patterns except for SnRK1α3 with a low expression level in grains and SnRK1β2 with a relatively high expression level in inflorescences.Results of subcellular localization in sorghum leaf protoplast showed that SnRK1α1/α2/α3/γmainly located on organelles,while the rest four of SnRK1β1/β2/β3/βγlocated on both membranes and some organelles.Besides,three combinations were discovered among eight SnRK1 subunits in sorghum through yeast two hybrid,includingα1-β2-βγ,α2-β3-γ,andα3-β3-γ.These results provide informative references for the following functional dissection of SnRK1 subunits in sorghum.
文摘AIM: To determine whether normal genetically immunocompetent rodent hosts could be manipulated to accept human hepatocyte transplants with long term survival without immunosuppression. METHODS: Tolerance towards human hepatocytes was established by injection of primary human hepatocytes or Huh7 human hepatoma cells into the peritoneal cavities of fetal rats. Corresponding cells were subsequently transplanted into newborn rats via intrasplenic injection within 24h after birth. RESULTS: Mixed lymphocyte assays showed that spleen cells from non-tolerized rats were stimulated to proliferate when exposed to human hepatocytes, while cells from tolerized rats were not. Injections made between 15 d and 17 d of gestation produced optimal tolerization. Transplanted human hepatocytes in rat livers were visualized by immunohistochemical staining of human albumin. By dot blotting of genomic DNA in livers of tolerized rats 16 weeks after hepatocyte transplantation, it was found that approximately 2.5 X 10(5) human hepatocytes survived per rat liver. Human albumin mRNA was detected in rat livers by RT-PCR for 15 wk, and human albumin protein was also detectable in rat serum. CONCLUSION: Tolerization of an immuno-competent rat can permit transplantation, and survival of functional human hepatocytes.
基金supported by STI2030-Major Projects,No.2021ZD 0201801(to JG)Shanxi Province Basic Research Program,No.20210302123429(to QS).
文摘In patients with Alzheimer’s disease,gamma-glutamyl transferase 5(GGT5)expression has been observed to be downregulated in cerebrovascular endothelial cells.However,the functional role of GGT5 in the development of Alzheimer’s disease remains unclear.This study aimed to explore the effect of GGT5 on cognitive function and brain pathology in an APP/PS1 mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease,as well as the underlying mechanism.We observed a significant reduction in GGT5 expression in two in vitro models of Alzheimer’s disease(Aβ_(1-42)-treated hCMEC/D3 and bEnd.3 cells),as well as in the APP/PS1 mouse model.Additionally,injection of APP/PS1 mice with an adeno-associated virus encoding GGT5 enhanced hippocampal synaptic plasticity and mitigated cognitive deficits.Interestingly,increasing GGT5 expression in cerebrovascular endothelial cells reduced levels of both soluble and insoluble amyloid-βin the brains of APP/PS1 mice.This effect may be attributable to inhibition of the expression ofβ-site APP cleaving enzyme 1,which is mediated by nuclear factor-kappa B.Our findings demonstrate that GGT5 expression in cerebrovascular endothelial cells is inversely associated with Alzheimer’s disease pathogenesis,and that GGT5 upregulation mitigates cognitive deficits in APP/PS1 mice.These findings suggest that GGT5 expression in cerebrovascular endothelial cells is a potential therapeutic target and biomarker for Alzheimer’s disease.
文摘Sorghum bicolor is among main staple crops of Chad but it is commonly attacked by Striga hermonthica. Assessment of sorghum varieties for resistance to this weed was carried out during three cropping seasons (2005-2008), in controlled conditions; promising entries (those which fulfilled at least 75% of selection criteria) were evaluated in farmer field in 2008-2009 seasons. There were five sites (Bebedjia, Deli, Bekao, Koudoti and Ndaba). The objective was to evaluate some sorghum entries for S. hermonthica resistance in farmer field. Sorghum test was composed of four entries in Fisher blocks as experimental designs, with five replications. Among different observed variables, there were striga plant count and weight of sorghum grains. One promising entry was selected at Bebedjia and Ndaba (53), two at Deli and Koudoti (50 and 53). No entry was selected at Bekao. Promising entries for the whole Southern zone of Chad were composed of 50 and 53. The best entry was 53 because it was promising in all sites except Bekao.
文摘In sub-Saharan Africa, Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) is an important cereal for both human being and animals. Unfortunately, its production is confronted to soils with deficiency of phosphorus. Traditional use of mineral phosphate on this culture fertilization is expensive and may cause contamination. It is thus necessary to seek more efficient and economic reasonable techniques to improve sorghum growth. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) constitute a reference for phosphorus improvement and plant nutrition. This study aimed to investigate the effects of AMF strains (Rhizophagus irregulare, Glomus aggregatum, G. mosseae) on growth of sorghum cultivated in greenhouse on Sangalkam soil (Senegal) sterilized with or without Tilemsi natural phosphate (PNT). The phosphorus can represent until 0.2% of the dry weight of the plant. Two fertilizers were used separately and together to doses of 20 g by strain, 100 mg and 200 mg of PNT. The experiment lasted for 120 d. Results showed that mycorrhizal colonization intensity varied between 40% and 80% for all treatments. AMF inoculation increased sorghum plant height and biomass, regardless of PNT amendment. The inoculation permits to bring strain of AMF that intervene efficiently in the transportation and the availability of phosphorus for the plant.