Advanced Encryption Standard(AES)is one of the most widely used block ciphers nowadays,and has been established as an encryption standard in 2001.Here we design AES-128 and the sample-AES(S-AES)quantum circuits for de...Advanced Encryption Standard(AES)is one of the most widely used block ciphers nowadays,and has been established as an encryption standard in 2001.Here we design AES-128 and the sample-AES(S-AES)quantum circuits for deciphering.In the quantum circuit of AES-128,we perform an affine transformation for the SubBytes part to solve the problem that the initial state of the output qubits in SubBytes is not the|0⟩⊗8 state.After that,we are able to encode the new round sub-key on the qubits encoding the previous round sub-key,and this improvement reduces the number of qubits used by 224 compared with Langenberg et al.’s implementation.For S-AES,a complete quantum circuit is presented with only 48 qubits,which is already within the reach of existing noisy intermediate-scale quantum computers.展开更多
基金support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos.11974205 and 11774197,the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2017YFA0303700)the Key Research and Development Program of Guangdong province(No.2018B030325002)+1 种基金and Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Future Chip(ICFC).S.W.also acknowledges the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2020M670172)the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No.12005015.
文摘Advanced Encryption Standard(AES)is one of the most widely used block ciphers nowadays,and has been established as an encryption standard in 2001.Here we design AES-128 and the sample-AES(S-AES)quantum circuits for deciphering.In the quantum circuit of AES-128,we perform an affine transformation for the SubBytes part to solve the problem that the initial state of the output qubits in SubBytes is not the|0⟩⊗8 state.After that,we are able to encode the new round sub-key on the qubits encoding the previous round sub-key,and this improvement reduces the number of qubits used by 224 compared with Langenberg et al.’s implementation.For S-AES,a complete quantum circuit is presented with only 48 qubits,which is already within the reach of existing noisy intermediate-scale quantum computers.
