A New CMOS Image Sensor with a High Fill Factor and the Dynamic Digital Double Sampling Technique

A single CMOS image sensor based on a 0.35μm process along with its design and implementation is introduced. The architecture of an active pixel sensor is used in the chip. The fill factor of a pixel cell can reach 43%,higher than the traditional factor of 30%. Moreover, compared with the conventional method whose fixed pattern noise （FPN） is around 0.5%, a dynamic digital double sampling technique is developed, which possesses simpler circuit architecture and a better FPN suppression outcome. The CMOS image sensor chip is implemented in the 0.35μm mixed signal process of a Chartered by MPW. The experimental results show that the chip operates welt,with an FPN of about 0.17%.

Dark output characteristic of γ-ray irradiated CMOS digital image sensors

The quality of dark output images from the CMOS (complementarymetal oxide semiconductor) black and white (B & W) digital imagesensors captured before and after γ-ray irradiation was studied. Thecharacteristic parameters of the dark output images captured atdifferent radiation dose, e.g. average brightness and itsnon-uniformity of dark out- put images, were analyzed by our testsoftware. The primary explanation for the change of the parameterswith the radi- ation dose was given.

Demodulation System for Fiber Bragg Grating Sensors Using Digital Filtering Technique

A discrimination measurement method and demodulation technique for fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensors were presented using digital filtering technique. The system can control a tunable fiber Fabry-Perot filter with sawtooth wave voltage generated by digital clock to interrogate FBG sensors. Using the analogue digital converter (ADC), the reflected FBG signals were sampled with synchronous digital clock. With the aid of digital matched filtering technique, the sampled FBG signals were processed to obtain the maximum signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and the Bragg wavelength shift from the FBG signals was recovered. The results demonstrate that this system has a scanning range of 1 520 nm-1 575 nm,and the wavelength detection accuracy is less than 2 pm with 1.5 Hz scanning frequency.

System modeling based measurement error analysis of digital sun sensors

Stringent attitude determination accuracy is required for the development of the advanced space technologies and thus the accuracy improvement of digital sun sensors is necessary.In this paper,we presented a proposal for measurement error analysis of a digital sun sensor.A system modeling including three different error sources was built and employed for system error analysis.Numerical simulations were also conducted to study the measurement error introduced by different sources of error.Based on our model and study,the system errors from different error sources are coupled and the system calibration should be elaborately designed to realize a digital sun sensor with extra-high accuracy.

320×240 Pixels CMOS Digital Image Sensor with Wide Dynamic Range

A 320×240 CMOS image sensor is demonstrated,which is implemented by a standard 0.6 μm 2P2M CMOS process.For reducing the chip area,each 2×2-pixel block shares a sample/hold circuit,analog-to-digital converter and 1-b memory.The 2×2 pixel pitch has an area of 40 μm×40 μm and the fill factor is about 16%.While operating at a low frame rate,the sensor dissipates a very low power by power-management circuit making pixel-level comparators in an idle state.A digital correlated double sampling,which eliminates fixed pattern noise,improves SNR of the sensor, and multiple sampling operations make the sensor have a wide dynamic range.

Digital Synthetic-heterodyne Interferometric Demodulation Based on Embedded System

Optical fiber acceleration seismometer as an important instrument can offer high sensitivity, anti-jamming and non-touched advantage which has an extensive application field. Its signal processing ability will decide whole system’s performance to some extent because it will affect directly the factors such as resolving power, precision and dynamic range. The signal processing is usually realized by analog circuits which was more inferior in stability, flexibility and anti-jamming to digital processing system. A digital processing system of optical fiber acceleration seismometer has been designed based on the embedded system design scheme. Synthetic-heterodyne demodulation has been studied, and signal processing has been realized. The double processors of ARM and DSP are employed to implement respectively the system control and signal processing, and to provide the output interfaces such as LCD, DAC and Ethernet interface. This system can vary with the measured signal in real time and linearly, and its work frequency bandwidth is between 10Hz and 1kHz. The system has better anti-jamming ability and can work normally when the SNR is 40dB.

Building the metaverse using digital twins at all scales,states,and relations

Developments in new-generation information technology have enabled Digital Twins to reshape the physical world into a virtual digital space and provide technical support for constructing the Metaverse.Metaverse objects can be at the micro-,meso-,or macroscale.The Metaverse is a complex collection of solid,liquid,gaseous,plasma,and other uncertain states.Additionally,the Metaverse integrates tangibles with social relations,such as interpersonal(friends,partners,and family)and social relations(ethics,morality,and law).This review introduces some principles and laws,such as broken windows theory,small-world phenomenon,survivor bias,and herd behavior,for constructing a Digital Twins model for social relations.Therefore,from multiple perspectives,this article reviews mappings of tangible and intangible real-world objects to the Metaverse using the Digital Twins model.

Digital Receiver for Laser Imaging Radar

With the extension of the application domains for laser imaging radar, it is necessary to find a new technical way to obtain high technical performance and adaptive ability. In this paper, A new concept of digital receiver of laser imaging radar system is presented. This digital receiver is defined as a time varying parameter receiver which possesses large dynamics region and time domain filter. The receiver’s mode, component structure as well as every function of its processing are described. The results and laboratorial data show the feasibility of digital reception. Also, it can exploit the inherent nature of laser imaging radar to obtain high probability of detection.

New Optical Triangulation and Digital Image Processing in Measurement

In this paper,a new direct optical triangulation(DOT) for measuring theout-of-plane displacement is given.In order to state its principle,DOT is used to measure a micro-displacement of a rigid body,and at the same time,the method of digital image processing is also given.

Interface Design Of Digital Platform For Bio Signal Processing

Bio-sensor arrays for multi-channel recording have been developed recently and signal processing platforms for those signals have been studied actively.But it’s thereal situation which these technologies are generally developed and studied respectively.So the interface design between recording array and signal processing platform is also an important issue to make bio-sensor signal processing system.In this paper,we proposed interface which has unique protocols to control sensor array and operate platform.There are two types of protocols in the interface.One is between sensor array and MCU in platform and the other is between MCU and board for wireless communication.Basically,each protocol has two kinds of modes(single,frame)and it can be extended if needed.

Revolutionizing digital healthcare networks with wearable strain sensors using sustainable fibers

Wearable strain sensors have attracted research interest owing to their poten-tial within digital healthcare,offering smarter tracking,efficient diagnostics,and lower costs.Unlike rigid sensors,fiber-based ones compete with their flexibility,durability,adaptability to body structures as well as eco-friendliness to envi-ronment.Here,the sustainable fiber-based wearable strain sensors for digital health are reviewed,and material,fabrication,and practical healthcare aspects are explored.Typical strain sensors predicated on various sensing modalities,be it resistive,capacitive,piezoelectric,or triboelectric,are explained and analyzed according to their strengths and weaknesses toward fabrication and applica-tions.The applications in digital healthcare spanning from body area sensing networks,intelligent health management,and medical rehabilitation to mul-tifunctional healthcare systems are also evaluated.Moreover,to create a more complete digital health network,wired and wireless methods of data collec-tion and examples of machine learning are elaborated in detail.Finally,the prevailing challenges and prospective insights into the advancement of novel fibers,enhancement of sensing precision and wearability,and the establishment of seamlessly integrated systems are critically summarized and offered.This endeavor not only encapsulates the present landscape but also lays the founda-tion for future breakthroughs in fiber-based wearable strain sensor technology within the domain of digital health.

数字孪生驱动的巷道自动成形截割虚拟调试方法研究

针对目前巷道自动成形截割控制调试周期长、调试成本大、安全风险大、成形质量难以评价等问题,提出了一种数字孪生驱动的巷道自动成形截割虚拟调试方法。采用基于即时外观建图(RTAP−MAP)技术重建巷道三维环境,构建掘进机控制系统模型,形成虚拟调试环境,并利用虚拟传感器技术实现物理空间到虚拟环境状态的精准映射。针对难以量化评估断面成形质量的问题,确立了巷道自动成形截割性能评价方法,以断面成形截割控制过程在数据传输中心的记录为基础,主要对断面成形精度、截割效率与油缸开关次数、硬岩切割调整、超挖欠挖4个评价指标进行计算,从而为深度学习算法的迭代优化提供精准反馈信号,并提出了一种融合强化学习的自动截割控制策略,以提高自动化作业的适应性和精确度。为验证该虚拟调试方法的有效性和准确性,搭建了掘进机自动控制实验平台,并将虚拟调试系统应用于掘进巷道成形截割自动控制程序中。虚拟仿真结果表明:①被调试软件在控制关键点位处的X,Y,Z轴定位误差的最大值分别为74.8,72.93,123.67 mm,说明虚拟调试方法的定位精度达到性能要求。②虚拟样机与物理样机轨迹基本一致,说明该调试方法实现了对物理空间的映射。应用结果表明:①强化学习控制器在虚拟掘进测试中适应了复杂环境,将虚拟传感器输入有效转换为精准控制指令,验证了模拟−现实迁移训练的可行性。通过处理掘进精度和避免超欠挖的实时反馈,控制器学习并优化了策略。②优化后的断面成形截割控制性能得到了提升,根据数据库中控制量时间戳的记录,用时126 s,较优化前耗时减少了8 s。③优化后截割部末端轨迹跟踪最大误差为6.0 mm,较优化前降低了0.3 mm,避免了截割轨迹抖动导致的欠挖,同时使得轨迹和断面更加平滑。

规模化肉牛场数字化管控平台的开发与应用——以阳信亿利源5G数字化牧场为例

随着我国肉牛规模化设施养殖模式的逐步普及,对牛只的精细化甚至智慧化管控已提上议事日程;同时,物联网、大数据、人工智能(AI)甚至大模型的快速发展正不断渗透到各行各业,使得对包括传统养殖在内的智慧管控也成为可能。本研究以阳信亿利源5G数字化牧场为研究对象,集成应用智能电子耳标及智能项圈,以及包括温湿度、氨气、二氧化碳、风向风速、光照及空气质量(H2S,PM2.5,PM10,TSP)等多种环境传感器。同时进行全面动态感知牛只个体的生理指标如运动量、反刍量等,并通过对上述2个重要的生理指标的分析,判断繁殖母牛的发情情况并预测最佳的配种时间,或通过监测牛只反刍量的变化,判断饲料的调整是否合适;全面感知牛舍包括温湿度及空气质量指标,为牛舍的精准通风及环境质量的精准控制提出数据支撑;并采用MY SQL数据库技术及DELPHI语言进行相关数据的分析。本研究构建了集养殖环节关键数据自动采集、数据的自动转换计算、数据的有线及无线传输、数据的远程贮存及处理控制为一体的物联网管控平台,实现了对肉牛养殖环境、健康状态、防疫及饲料调度等数字化管控平台。随着系统不断运行与迭代、养殖过程数据维度及数据量的不断积累与拓展,基础数据及派生数据的挖掘及升值空间越大,将为建立肉牛养殖的大模型奠定基础。

基于数字孪生的装配式钢节点混凝土框架结构建造技术

与传统现浇框架结构相比,装配式钢节点混凝土框架结构建造速度更快,但框架钢连接节点处存在应力突变,因此,有必要采用基于数字孪生的手段监测该实际工程结构的施工过程,以获得钢节点对结构性能的影响。基于BIM、有限元和传感器等技术搭建了基于数字孪生的新型装配式钢节点混凝土框架结构的智能建造框架,从物理数据收集、虚拟模型建立、模型信息交互3个方面提出基于数字孪生的建筑结构智能建造实现方法。在新型装配式钢节点混凝土框架实际工程建造阶段,采用传感器技术实现工程中关键点数据的实时监测,并将其与BIM和有限元数据进行比较,进一步调整与修正物理模型中的框架结构受力情况,最终实现装配式钢节点混凝土框架数字孪生模型的建立和应用。研究表明,该数字孪生模型能有效对新型装配式钢节点混凝土框架结构进行实时监测,实现基于传感器网络和时空参数分析的危险点预测,有效减少资源消耗,为该结构的应用提供有效数据信息。

基于柔性传感技术的中医脉诊信息采集手套的研制

针对当前中医脉诊设备体积庞大、操作环境条件要求较高、灵敏度较低以及操作繁琐等问题,开发了一款基于柔性传感技术的脉诊信息采集手套。该手套的柔性传感器由十字交叉的碳纤维构成传感单元,分别分布在手套食指、中指、无名指指尖位置;以铜线为传导线,通过手指设计的夹层通道与传感单元连接,将脉诊信息传输至手背的电路板模块;信息数据通过电路板处理后发送至手机、计算机终端,并上传至云数据库。测试结果表明:在0~0.2 N脉压力范围内,传感器表现出超高的灵敏度(201.305 N-1),能有效识别微弱的脉冲信号;传感器的响应时间和恢复时间均为82 ms,能够实时监测压力信号的变化;在2.0 N的外力作用下,经过1000次循环测试,该传感器前后电阻变化率基本保持不变,表明该传感器具有长期稳定性的特性。该装置可以将脉诊信息数字化、规范化,可为中医临床诊断提供更稳定、丰富的数据提示及参考,也为居家自助诊脉以及云端诊病提供更多可能性。

数字化电力装备专用传感应用需求与发展趋势

电力专用传感器是数字化电力装备实现可观、可测、可控的重要基础保障。该文面向新型电力系统建设目标,从数智化电网及智能传感器行业发展驱动政策出发,根据电网自身运行特性,分析了数字化电力装备电力专用传感技术的政策导向以及其在传感器小型化、多参量集成感知、一二次融合技术、可靠性与环境适应性、智能化等方面的需求。此外,该文围绕传感器敏感元件、制备技术、测试与校准、通信网络和能量收集技术,对传感器行业的现状和发展趋势进行了介绍和研判,并进一步分析了电力专用智能传感的标准建设需求,提出了未来电力专用传感技术的发展形态。

内置传感器的沥青混合料变形协调及损伤行为研究

为揭示应变传感器与沥青混合料协同工作性能的演化规律,提高传感器实测数据的应用价值和环境适应性,基于数字图像关联技术和小梁直接拉伸试验,对内置传感器的沥青混合料试件开展多重受力模式下的应变响应研究,分析不同温度条件下传感器与沥青混合料的变形协调性能;并利用四点弯曲试验下的声发射信号和数字图像特征,揭示内置传感器的沥青混合料结构损伤演化规律。研究结果表明:内置应变传感器的沥青混合料变形协调特性与荷载类型、大小及响应时间紧密相关,传感器应变响应具有强烈的温度敏感性,在30~50℃的环境中,传感器应变响应的精准度会急剧衰减,其测量平均绝对误差Eˉa和相对误差Eˉr可分别增大3.49~11.79倍和2.01~2.91倍。利用声发射能量信号准确地刻画了传感器与沥青混合料协同受力下的4阶段损伤演化特征,反映出温度作用会改变结构损伤形式向非稳定开裂的态势发展;不同温度下声发射RA和AF的分布特征表明,内置应变传感器的沥青混合料结构破裂模式受温度影响显著,呈现为拉-剪混合、剪切破裂为主的破裂机制,且随温度不断增大,剪切破裂持续增强,剪切事件由55.7%增长至84.4%,增幅达1.52倍。研究成果对实现内置应变传感器与沥青路面协同工作性能的合理评判,推进传感器技术深度赋能传统沥青路面结构提供参考。

面向悬浮光力系统的集成化反馈控制器研究

悬浮光力系统具有高灵敏度、高稳定性和低耗散等特点,有望发展成为新型高性能力学传感器。针对目前悬浮光力系统存在的反馈控制器兼容性差、软硬件成本高、集成度低等问题,提出了一种兼容多种反馈控制模式的软硬件设计方案,并研制了一套高度集成的反馈控制器,在160 mm×170 mm×42 mm的尺寸上集成了六通道模数/数模转换器、滤波器、现场可编程门阵列+微处理器(FPGA+ARM)等功能模块,并且开发了基于数字锁相环和比例积分微分(PID)控制器的控制算法,最终在同一套硬件系统上实现了跨尺度微粒的运动信息采集和反馈控制,以及数十赫兹至亚兆赫兹的感知带宽。实验结果表明,该集成反馈控制器能够实现超高真空(10-6 Pa量级)下亚微米及微米尺度微粒的稳定悬浮和运动控制。在扩展系统感知带宽的同时减小了整体体积,为悬浮光力传感技术的器件化奠定了基础。

差动式电容传感器信号检测方法研究

为了提高差动式电容传感器信号检测电路的测量精度,本文提出了一种将增量总和调制技术和差动式电容传感器相结合,做成一个新型信号检测系统的方法。该信号检测方法将差动式电容传感器、前置放大器和相敏检波电路放置在增量总和反馈环路内,形成一个大的反馈环路。本文通过推导该检测电路的系统传递函数,分析该检测方法中利用增量总和调制技术的技术优点,根据该方法设计一版电路板并进行试验。研究结果表明,本文提出的信号检测方法的输出数字量与中心极板偏离平衡位置的大小和方向具有很高的相关性,对进一步提高差动式电容传感器检测电路的测量精度具有较好的促进作用。

能源电池单体层级数字孪生技术

具有高能量密度的能源电池作为实现国家碳达峰和碳中和目标的重要途径备受关注,然而,现有技术已不能满足其高效安全稳定运行的迫切需求。数字孪生技术具有实时感知、高效模拟、准确预测和快速优化复杂系统的特性,有望成为解决上述挑战的有效手段。本文分析了能源电池单体层级数字孪生技术的构成要素,阐述了植入传感技术、高效保真的物理模型和机器学习算法三种关键技术在电池数字孪生中的作用,介绍了植入传感技术在电池温度、应变、气压和气体传感方面的现状,综述了描述电池不同物理场行为的耦合模型的相关研究,探讨了机器学习算法在电池数字孪生中的应用以及基于物理的机器学习算法的最新进展,最后总结了电池数字孪生技术面临的主要挑战和发展趋势,并提出了在未来研究中克服这些挑战的建议。本研究工作可为电池数字孪生技术提供更深刻的见解,并有助于其在学术研究和工业应用领域中的进一步推广与应用。