Direct individual analysis using Scanning Electron Microscopy combined with online obscrv ation was conducted to examine the S-rich particles in PM2.5 of two typical polluted haze cpisodes in summer and winter from 20...Direct individual analysis using Scanning Electron Microscopy combined with online obscrv ation was conducted to examine the S-rich particles in PM2.5 of two typical polluted haze cpisodes in summer and winter from 2014 to 2015 in Beijing. Four major types of S-rich particles, including sccondary CaSO4 particles (mainly observed in summer), S-rich mineral particles (SRM), S-rich water droplets (SRW) and (C, O, S)-rich particles (COS) were identified. We lbund the differcnt typical morphologies and element distributions of S-rich particles and considered that (C, O, S)-rich parliclcs had two major mixing states in different seasons. On the basis of the S-rich particles" relative abundances. S concentrations and their relationships with PM2.5 as well as the seasonal comparison, wc revealed that the S-participated formation degrees of SRM and SRW would enhance with increasing PM2.5 concentration. Moreover, C-rich matter and sulfate had seasonally differcnt but significant impacts on the formation of COS.展开更多
基金This work was supported by the National Science and Technology Support Program of China (No. 2014BAC22B01), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 21107061, 21190054, and 81571130090), the Science-technology Program of State Grid Corporation of China (No. 521700140004) and the Development and Application of Field Emission Gun Scanning Electron Microscopy National Special Projects on Scientific Instrument Development (No. 2013YQ120353). The authors also thank the Energy Saving and Pollution Control Association of East Asia (ESPA), for their help in the management of the field observation program.
文摘Direct individual analysis using Scanning Electron Microscopy combined with online obscrv ation was conducted to examine the S-rich particles in PM2.5 of two typical polluted haze cpisodes in summer and winter from 2014 to 2015 in Beijing. Four major types of S-rich particles, including sccondary CaSO4 particles (mainly observed in summer), S-rich mineral particles (SRM), S-rich water droplets (SRW) and (C, O, S)-rich particles (COS) were identified. We lbund the differcnt typical morphologies and element distributions of S-rich particles and considered that (C, O, S)-rich parliclcs had two major mixing states in different seasons. On the basis of the S-rich particles" relative abundances. S concentrations and their relationships with PM2.5 as well as the seasonal comparison, wc revealed that the S-participated formation degrees of SRM and SRW would enhance with increasing PM2.5 concentration. Moreover, C-rich matter and sulfate had seasonally differcnt but significant impacts on the formation of COS.