MULTI-HOP RELAYING IN 5G： FROM RESEARCH TO SYSTEMS, STANDARDS, AND APPLICATIONS

In recent years,the demands of high traffic transmission motivate the rapid development of wireless access techniques,and it becomes promising to design the fifth generation(5G)wireless networks.Essential requirements for 5G involve higher traffic volume,indoor or hotspot traffic,and spectrum,energy,and cost efficien-

Operations Support Systems Standards:Status Quo and Trends

The emerging of diversified new telecommunications technologies leads to a continuous change of telecom networks. Consequently, the operations support systems of telecommunications operators are facing structure adjustments as well as new systems construction. In this situation, new generation operations support systems standards are urgently required. Several standardization organizations have made substantial progress in the study of the new generation standards, such as ITU' s study on Next Generation Network (NGN) management, TMF's on New Generation Operations Systems and Software (NGOSS) and CCSA's on network management standards. However, the existing operations support systems face the challenges of architecture improvement, change of the focus of operations support, orientation of customers' demands and technology evolution.

The Preliminary Research on Integrated Management Systems Standards in China

The modern history of management systems is almost the same as the history ofmodem management science. Implicit management systems have been in existence for many 100s ofyears. ISO has paid attention to the issue of the integrated management systems since the ISO 9000family standards for quality management systems (QMS) and ISO 14000 series standards for environmentmanagement system (EMS) were published. ISO/TAG (Technical Advisory Group) 12 was formed by theISO/TM (Technical Management Board) in early 1997 with the mandate to achieve greater compatibilitybetween the relevant ISO/TC 176 and ISO/TC 207 standards in the field of management systems,auditing, terms and definitions. The report was submitted to TMB by TAG 12 in 1999.

Integrated Standardization and Systems Engineering Management

Integrated standardization is one of the fundamenta l forms of modern standardization. It is the combination of system science and the content of standardization. The development of system science has provided theo retic foundation and precondition for integrated standardization. The relevant r esearch on integrated standardization and system engineering illustrate that int egrated standardization is a advanced method which presented with the developmen t of modern science and technology . Integrated standardization treat the re levant factors of standardization as a system, and wholly standarlize the factor s in order to reach the best level of technology and quality. Integrated standardization is a large system engineering. In modern industr y the contact among different departments is being constantly enlarged and t he complexity of product is being constantly increased. This situation demands s trict correspond and united request in all the following aspects: raw mate rial, organs, fittings, technical measures of production, preparation for produc tion, ways of organizing the production. The traditional measure which establish the respective standard separately must be replaced by multi-spetialty standa rdization in large spectrum. The current situation and the development of syste m science has provided theoretic foundation and precondition for this kind of st andardization. Product or project can be managed with system engineering of proj ect, while the correspond standardization can be managed with system engineering of standardization. Integrated standardization virtually is system engineering of standardization, w hich use the theory to deal with the problem about standardization . This thesis included 3 chapters: 1. the brief summary of integrated standardization and sys tem engineering management in the development of type in foreign countries; 2. t he current situation and existing problems in the development of products; 3. ho w to organize and actualize integrated standardization and system engineering ma nagement in the development of products.

Study on Designing Standards System Framework of Hainan National Breeding and Multiplication

A preliminary feasibility study was set up for the HNBM standard system. By introducing the set theory and basic methods of the solid geometry and adopting the Verman three-dimensional structure ideology innovatively, the standards system of Hainan National Breeding and Multiplication (HNBM) was studied with the four-dimensional structure and integration by combining with the time dimension. The four-dimensional structure standards system will be useful for guiding the construction of the HNBM standards system, carrying on the division of labor and realizing the dynamic development of the standards system. The standards set of HNBM helps to computer programming and information management.

Development of Bio-fertilizer Standard in China and Establishment of Standard System

Over the past decade,national standard and industry standard of bio-fertilizer have been gradually established in China. Moreover,the microbial fertilizer standard system with Chinese characteristics has been firstly established by China in the world. Development of bio-fertilizer standard,especially the amplification and modification of bio-fertilizer product standard and the construction of bio-fertilizer standard system,etc. were summarized in this paper. Meanwhile,relative suggestions of existing problems were put forward.

A holistic strategy for quality and safety control of traditional Chinese medicines by the “iVarious” standard system

An effective quality control system is the key to ensuring the quality, safety and efficacy of traditional Chinese medicines(TCMs). However, the current quality standard research lacks top-level design and systematic design,mostly based on specific technologies or evaluation methods. To resolve the challenges and questions of quality control of TCMs, a brand-new quality standard system, named "iVarious", was proposed. The system comprises eight elements in a modular format. Meaning of every element was specifically illustrated via corresponding research instances. Furthermore, frankincense study was taken as an example for demonstrating standards and research process, based on the "i Various" system. This system highlighted a holistic strategy for effectiveness,security, integrity and systematization of quality and safety control standards of TCMs. The establishment of"i Various" integrates multi-disciplinary technologies and progressive methods, basis elements and key points of standard construction. The system provides a novel idea and technological demonstration for regulation establishment of TCMs quality standards.

ISO25000-Related Metrics for Evaluating the Quality of Complex Information Systems

Evaluating complex information systems necessitates deep contextual knowledge of technology, user needs, and quality. The quality evaluation challenges increase with the system’s complexity, especially when multiple services supported by varied technological modules, are offered. Existing standards for software quality, such as the ISO25000 series, provide a broad framework for evaluation. Broadness offers initial implementation ease albeit, it often lacks specificity to cater to individual system modules. This paper maps 48 data metrics and 175 software metrics on specific system modules while aligning them with ISO standard quality traits. Using the ISO25000 series as a foundation, especially ISO25010 and 25012, this research seeks to augment the applicability of these standards to multi-faceted systems, exemplified by five distinct software modules prevalent in modern information ecosystems.

Smart Inverter Functionality Testing for Battery Energy Storage Systems

Variable distributed energy resources (DERs) such as photovoltaic (PV) systems and wind power systems require additional power resources to control the balance between supply and demand. Battery energy storage systems (BESSs) are one such possible resource for providing grid stability. It has been proposed that decentralized BESSs could help support microgrids (MGs) with intelligent control when advanced functionalities are implemented with variable DERs. One key challenge is developing and testing smart inverter controls for DERs. This paper presents a standardized method to test the interoperability and functionality of BESSs. First, a survey of grid-support standards prevalent in several countries was conducted. Then, the following four interoperability functions defined in IEC TR 61850-90-7 were tested: the specified active power from storage test (INV4), the var-priority Volt/VAR test (VV) and the specified power factor test (INV3) and frequency-watt control (FW). This study then out-lines the remaining technical issues related to basic BESS smart inverter test protocols.

‘Outbreak Gold Standard’Selection to Provide Optimized Threshold for Infectious Diseases Early-alert Based on China Infectious Disease Automated-alert and Response System

The China Infectious Disease Automated-alert and Response System（CIDARS） was successfully implemented and became operational nationwide in 2008. The CIDARS plays an important role in and has been integrated into the routine outbreak monitoring efforts of the Center for Disease Control（CDC） at all levels in China. In the CIDARS, thresholds are determined using the ？Mean＋2SD？ in the early stage which have limitations. This study compared the performance of optimized thresholds defined using the ？Mean ＋2SD？ method to the performance of 5 novel algorithms to select optimal ？Outbreak Gold Standard（OGS）？ and corresponding thresholds for outbreak detection. Data for infectious disease were organized by calendar week and year. The ？Mean＋2 SD？, C1, C2, moving average（MA）, seasonal model（SM）, and cumulative sum（CUSUM） algorithms were applied. Outbreak signals for the predicted value（Px） were calculated using a percentile-based moving window. When the outbreak signals generated by an algorithm were in line with a Px generated outbreak signal for each week, this Px was then defined as the optimized threshold for that algorithm. In this study, six infectious diseases were selected and classified into TYPE A（chickenpox and mumps）, TYPE B（influenza and rubella） and TYPE C [hand foot and mouth disease（HFMD） and scarlet fever]. Optimized thresholds for chickenpox（P_（55））, mumps（P_（50））, influenza（P_（40）, P_（55）, and P_（75））, rubella（P_（45） and P_（75））, HFMD（P_（65） and P_（70））, and scarlet fever（P_（75） and P_（80）） were identified. The C1, C2, CUSUM, SM, and MA algorithms were appropriate for TYPE A. All 6 algorithms were appropriate for TYPE B. C1 and CUSUM algorithms were appropriate for TYPE C. It is critical to incorporate more flexible algorithms as OGS into the CIDRAS and to identify the proper OGS and corresponding recommended optimized threshold by different infectious disease types.

The Standard System and Quality and Safety Standards for Banana in China

Banana is an important tropical fruit and China is the world's third largest banana producer. The standardization level of banana industry not only affects the yield and quality of banana,but also plays an important role in promoting the production standardization and industrialization of other tropical crops. Through the analysis of revision,publicity and implementation of banana standard system in China as well as the study on its standard system and quality and safety standards,it is found that there are some problems such as irrational banana standard structure,short period of validity of standard,low level of quality and safety standards,and loose link between standards and production. At the same time,some recommendations are put forward in order to guide the standardized production and trade,research and management of banana and promote sustained,healthy and stable development of the banana industry in China.

The Application of Standardization System in Corporate Management and Administration

This paper briefly discusses three important components of corporatestandardization system and their functions and how such a system can be used in corporate managementand administration. It also offers certain solutions and suggestions to some of the existingproblems in the process of implementing corporate standardization system. form of corporatestandardization system; product standard; technical standard; administrative standard; dutystandard.

System for Sewing Machine Industry Standard Innovation——Constructive Research for a Technical Standards System for Sewing Machines

Constructive research of a market-oriented industry's system of technical standardization by redefining those technical standards is the basis of innovation. Through considering and implementing innovation of the industry's standards, rapid development and standardization of the industry can be achieved.

A Standards System for the Proteetion and Utilization of Wild Fauna and Flora in China

This paper analyzed the current state of protection and utilization of wild fauna and flora and its standardization. The principles needed to establish a standardized system for the protection and utilization of wild fauna and flora were put forward. A comprehensive standards system consisting of the basic standards, technical regulations, and various other standards related to products, epidemic disease prevention and control, first-aid and propagation, viewing and hunting was proposed. Such a standards system will play an important role for wild fauna and flora protection and utilization in China.

Analysis on the Technical Standardization System of Juvenile Product in Europe and the United States of America and Strategies of Technical Measures of Trade

China is the largest country in the trade of juvenile products in the world. However, the products suffered the loss of technical barriers to trade from Europe and the United States of America increased year by year. This paper analyzes the standard system of juvenile products in Europe and the United States of America with the method of standard comparison, to find its relative technical advantages, explore the reasons for the recall notification of juvenile products exported to the above regions by China, propose strategies for breaking down the technical measures of trade, and promote the development of international juvenile product export trade.

A Project Management and Decision Support System for Non-standard Equipment's Eexecuting Work

Based on the features of the non-standard equipment executing work, a project management and decision support system oriented to the non-standard equipment is developed, and the information model, function model as well as the structure framework of the system are also introduced in this paper.

Quality Management Systems in Chinese Hospitals

Many hospitals in China have imple-mented quality management systems and acquiredcertain standards.However,only a few hospitalshave combined quality management with self-man-agement.In order to properly and effectively imple-ment quality management and ensure the effectiveoperation of quality management systems,hospi-tals must fully realize the relationship between over-all hospital management and quality management,and combine the principles of GB/T19001 Stan-dards with the hospitals’overall activities.

基于SYSTEM-Ⅱ的微波中功率标准系统的设计与实现

针对SYSTEM-Ⅱ工作量程仅限于小功率范围的限制,提出了利用传递标准法和交替比较法在小功率标准SYSTEM-Ⅱ的硬件基础上组建微波中功率标准系统,并对微波中功率测量实际应用及指标评定进行了探讨,这对于增强传统仪器的功能有较大意义。

Application research on large-scale battery energy storage system under Global Energy Interconnection framework

In the context of constructing Global Energy Interconnection(GEI), energy storage technology, as one of the important basic supporting technologies in power system, will play an important role in the energy configuration and optimization. Based on the most promising battery energy storage technology, this paper introduces the current status of the grid technology, the application of large-scale energy storage technology and the supporting role of battery energy storage for GEI. Based on several key technologies of large-scale battery energy storage system, preliminary analysis of the standard system construction of energy storage system is made, and the future prospect is put forward.

Behaviours of Multi-Stakeholders under China’s Renewable Portfolio Standards:A Game Theory-Based Analysis

China has implemented both quantitative and policy incentives for renewable energy development since 2019 and is currently in the policy transition stage.The implementation of renewable portfolio standards(RPSs)is difficult due to the interests of multiple stakeholders,including power generation enterprises,power grid companies,power users,local governments,and the central government.Based on China’s RPS policy and power system reform documents,this research sorted out the core game decision problems of China’s renewable energy industry and established a conceptual game decision model of the renewable energy industry from the perspective of local governments,power generation enterprises and power grid companies.The results reveal that for local governments,the probability of meeting the earnings quota or punishments for not reaching quota completion are the major determinants for active participation in quota supervision.For power grid firms,the willingness to accept renewable electricity quotas depends on the additional cost of receiving renewable electricity and governmental incentives.It is reasonable,from the theoretical perspective,to implement the RPS policy on the power generation side.Electricity reform will help clarify the electricity price system and increase the transparency of the quota implementation process.Policy implications are suggested to achieve sustainable development of the renewable energy industry from price incentives and quantity delivery.