Dynamic of Root Dry Weight of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge

ObjectiveThis study was to investigate the dynamic of root dry weight of Salvia miltiorrhiza to provide a basis for optimal management in field cultivation. MethodThe Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge seedlings were transplanted at three different dates November 26, 2009 （T 1 ）, March 9, 2010（T 2 ） and March 27, 2010（T 3 ）, and at three different densities 20 cm × 25 cm （D 1 ）, 25 cm × 25 cm （D 2 ）, 25 cm × 30 cm （D 3 ）. So a total of nine treatments were finally set. The samples were collected regularly for measuring the root dry weight and plotting the dynamic curves. Normalized root weight was fitted with CURVE EXPERT 1.3. ResultLogistic equation was the most superior equation, and estimated respectively two inflection points and length of fast growing time of S. miltiorrhiza. ConclusionThe fast-growing time of S. miltiorrhiza root was in 1 900 ℃·d to 2 200 ℃·d GDD.

Traditional Chinese medicine of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge: a review of phytochemistry, pharmacology and pharmacokinetics

Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge,known as red sage or Danshen,is commonly applied in Chinese herbal therapeutics for various biological effects.In 25-220 C.E.,the earliest Chinese Materia Medica referred to as Shengong’s Classic of Materia Medica(Eastern Han Dynasty of China,200 C.E.)initially documented Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge.Currently,Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge is one of the most frequently prescribed traditional Chinese medicines in clinics for antidiabetic,antianxiety,antihypertensive,antidepressant,antilipidemic,antiarrhythmic,and anticancer effects.Undoubtedly,it is best known for improving and promoting blood circulation;thus,its recommendation for use in cardiovascular disorders.Regarding this article,important information was sourced both manually and electronically using patent compendium and databases,including Google Scholar,herbal plant monographs,Hindawi,PubMed,Embase,CNKI,pharmacopoeias,Springer,etc.Well-concise details and discussions on the botany,traditional medicinal uses,chemical constituents-phytochemistry,pharmacokinetics,pharmacology,and toxicology information are presented.In perspective,understanding the comprehensive information of the above-stated fields with regards to Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge would yield an additional positive knowledge on areas that need urgent attention and identify gaps in research and safety for future consideration.

Chemical constituents and pharmacological activities of Salvia miltiorrhiza

Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge(S.miltiorrhiza),a perennial plant of the genus Salvia,is widely used in traditional folklore medicine.Previous chemical research on this plant contains diterpenoid quinones,phenolic acids,polysaccharides and other compounds.The pharmacological investigation of S.miltiorrhiza has shown that it has various pharmacological activities,such as cardiovascular system protection,anti-inflammatory,anti-oxidant,anti-tumor,liver protection,and neuroprotection activities.This research tends to give an overview of the main chemical constituents and pharmacological effects of S.miltiorrhiza,aiming to reveal its potential value and provide reference for its further development.

PRIMARY STUDY ON MECHANISM OF COLLAGEN SYNTHESIS INHIBITION IN CULTURED HUMAN FETAL HEPATOCYTES PRETREATED BY SALVIA MILTIORRHIZA BUNGE

Objective The effects of salvia miltiorrhiza bunge (SMB) on collagen synthesis in the human fetal hepatocytes culture were studied. Methods The collagen synthesis of hepatocytes were stimulated by the addition of carbon tetrachloride (CCl 4 ) to the culture medium, the concentration of type procollagen (PC) in the culture medium and the hydroxyproline (Hyp) in hepatocytes were determined, as well as the activity of se dependent glutathione peroxidase (Se GSH Px) and the concentration of malondiadehyde (MDA) in the culture medium. Results A significant decrease in PC, Hyp and MDA production, and the significant increase in Se GSH Px activity were observed in the cultures pretreated with 1 g L -1 SMB for 4 hours compared with the untreated cultures. Analysis of the Se GSH Px/MDA ratio in SMB pretreated group showed more marked increase compared to that of the untreated group ( P <0.01). There was a significant negative correlation between the ratio of Se GSH Px/MDA and the concentration of PC in SMB pretreated group ( r=-0.9017, P <0.01). Conclusion Our results indicate that SMB may suppress the collagen synthesis of cultured human fetal hepatocytes stimulated by CCl 4 , and its mechanism may be related to the increase in Se GSH Px/MDA ratio and the enhancement of hepatocytes antioxidation capability.

EFFECTS OF SALVIA MILTIORRHIZA BUNGE （SMB） ON LIPID PEROXIDATION OF CULTURED HUMAN FATAL HEPATOCYTES

The role of salvia miltiorrhiza bunge (SMB) In protection of lipid peroxidation induced by CCl4 was studied in primary cultured human fetal hepatocytes. The results showed that SMB had significant effect inhibiting lipid peroxidation of the hepatocytes when exposed to CCl4 as compared with the non-protective co4trol. SMB could decrease the production of malondialdehyde (MDA) and the release of ALT, and increase the synthesis of albumin (ALB) and the activity of Se-dependent glutothione peroxidase (Se-GSH-Px). These results suggest that the suppression of lipid peroxidation may be largely due to the increased activity of Se-GSH-Px.

EFFECTS OF SALVIA MILTIORRHIZA BUNGE(SMB)ON LIPID PEROXIDATION AND PLASMA MEMBRANE FLUIDITY OF CULTURED HUMAN FETAL HEPATOCYTES INJURED BY CARBON TETRACHLORIDE

In order to investigate the effect of salvia miltiorrhiza hunge(SMB)on the plasma membrane fluidity and the relationship between the lipid peroxidation and the Plasma membrane fluidityin cultured human fetdal hepatocytes,the plasma membrane fluidity,using 1,6-dipheny-1,3,5-hexatriene(DPH)as a fluorescence probe, malondialdehyde(MDA)production as well as alanine aminotransferase(ALT)release of human fetal hepatocytes cultured in Presence of carbon tetrachloride(CCl4)or SMB puls CCl4 were estimated. In the cultured hepatocytes injured by CCl4,significant increments of the MDA production and the ALT release,and significant decrease in the plasma membrane fluidity were observed.when the culture medium was supplied with SMB prior to the additionof CCl4,the CCl4 induced increments in MDA production and ALT release was suppressed signifi cantly and a concomitant raise of plasma membrane fluidity towards normal occurred.The resultssuggested that SMB could suppress the lipid peroxidation in bepatocytes,thereby normal membranefluidity might be retained.

Published papers about Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge as a Chinese medicinal material

Xu Cuihong, Shu Zhiming, Wang Yan, Miao Fang, Zhou ke. The accumulation rule of the main medicinal components in different organs of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge. and Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge. f. alba. Lishizhen Medicine and Materia Medica Research, 2010, 21（09）： 2129-2132. Email： miaofangmf@ 163,com

Cardioprotective effects of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge and Lignum dalbergiae odoriferae on rat myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury

Aim Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge （SM） and lignum dalbergiae odoriferae （DO） are both traditional Chi- nese medicine that have cardioprotective effects. Here, we further examined the combined effects of SM and DO on rat myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury. The possible mechanism of SM and DO also were elucidated. Methods DO was divided into aqueous extract of lignum dalbergiae odoriferae （DOW） and lignum dalbergiae odoriferae oil （DOO）. Sprague-Dawley rats were randomized to seven groups： sham group, model group, treatment groups inclu- ding SM （10 g · kg^-1）, DOW （5 g · kg^-1）, DOO （0.5 ml · kg^-1）, SM ＋ DOW （10 g · kg^-1 ＋ 5 g · kg^-1）, SM ＋ DOO （ 10 g · kg^-1 ＋ 0. 5 ml · kg^-1）. Rats were pretreated with homologous drug for 7 days and then subjec- ted to 30 rain of ischemia followed by 180 rain of reperfusion. Electrocardiogram （ECG） and heart rate were moni- tored and recorded continuously. At the end of reperfusion, blood samples were collected to determine the serum levels of creatine kinase-MB （CK-MB） and lactate dehydrogenase （LDH）. Hearts were harvested to assess heart- body rate, infarct size and histopathological changes as well. Maximum and minimum effective points were deter- mined by measuring indicators associate with myocardial injury at different time-points of reperfusion （Smin, 15min, 30min, 45rain, 60min, 120min, 180min）. The potential therapeutic mechanism of SM and SM ＋ DOO were carried out by detecting superoxide dismutase （SOD）, malondialdehyde （MDA）, tumor necrosis factor-alpha （TNF-alpha） and interleukin 6 （IL-6）. Results The results showed SM and DO can ameliorate cardiac function respectively, and this cardioprotective effect was further strengthened by their combinations. Among all the combi- nations, SM ＋ DOO showed predominant potential to improve ECG and heart rate, reduce heart-body rate （28.5% ＋ 1.4% , P 〈 0.01 vs model） and myocardial infarct size （ 20.96% ＋ 1.61% , P 〈 0.01 vs model, P 〈 0.05 vs SM） , attenuate histopathological damage, decrease the levels of CK-MB and LDH （P 〈 0.01 vs model, P 〈 0.05 vs SM）. The maximum effective points of SM and SM ＋ DOO were 15min and 30rain respectively, and the minimum effective points of them were 180rain. In reducing serum level of MDA, TNF-alpha, IL-6 and increasing SOD activ- ity, SM ＋ DOO was similar to SM. Conclusion The results of this study indicated that SM ＋ DOO have combined effects that are highly effective than single pretreatment against myocardial ischemie reperfusion injury in rats. The possible mechanism of SM and DO were likely through its anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, and thus may be an effective and promising medicine for both prophylaxis and treatment of ischemic heart disease.

Published papers about Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge used in traditional Chinese medicine

Chu Kedan, Ji Guolu, Shi Hong, Xie Weirong, Zhang Yuqin, Zhang Xiaoqin. Study of the alcohol extraction process of Shenhu granules. Strait Pharmaceutical Journal, 2011, 23（03）： 21-24. Email： chukd5917@ 163.com

丹参Remorin基因SmREM1.2的克隆及生物信息学和表达分析

Remorin蛋白是一类植物特异的寡聚丝状蛋白,定位于细胞膜,介导脂筏微区形成,在植物逆境胁迫应答及植物免疫调节等过程中发挥重要作用。丹参是我国大宗类中药材,广泛用于心脑血管疾病等的治疗。但目前丹参Remorin蛋白的相关研究报道还不多。本研究基于丹参转录组及基因组数据库,克隆得到丹参Remorin基因SmREM1.2,通过生物信息学方法对其氨基酸组成、保守序列、系统进化进行分析,并对其亚细胞定位及在盐胁迫下的表达情况进行分析。结果表明,该基因CDS全长585 bp,编码194个氨基酸残基。SmREM1.2蛋白为弱酸性不稳定的亲水性蛋白,无信号肽,无跨膜区,含有Remorin_N和Remorin_C保守结构域,二级结构以α螺旋和无规则卷曲为主;氨基酸序列分析结果显示其C端具有高度保守的coiled-coil模体,属于典型的REM蛋白;系统进化树分析结果表明SmREM1.2与芡欧鼠尾草(Salvia hispanica)的Remorin蛋白亲缘关系较近。构建pCAMBIA-SmREM1.2-GFP重组载体,利用烟草瞬时转化系统对SmREM1.2进行亚细胞定位分析,发现该蛋白定位于细胞膜上。通过实时荧光定量PCR分析发现SmREM1.2受盐胁迫诱导上调表达,推测其在盐胁迫下发挥重要作用。本研究结果可为后期深入探索SmREM1.2基因的功能及应用提供理论依据。

Molecular mechanism of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge and Carthamus tinctorius L. in the treatment of myocardial ischemia based on network pharmacology: a comparative study

Based on network pharmacology and molecular docking technology,the similarities and differences of anti-myocardial ischemia mechanism between Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge(SM)and Carthamus tinctorius L.(CT)were studied.Firstly,based on the traditional Chinese medicine systems pharmacology(TCMSP),the related compounds of SM and CT were obtained,and the potential targets of these compounds were collected by the target fishing method.Genecards database was used to obtain targets related to myocardial ischemia.The cross targets of CT,SM,and myocardial ischemia were then selected,and the protein-protein interaction(PPI)network was constructed based on the STRING database.The cross targets were imported into the Metascape database for Gene Oncology(GO)and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG)analysis.Cytoscape software was used to build the topological network diagram of the drug-compound-target path.Finally,the binding ability of the active ingredient and the key target was verified by molecular docking.65 active ingredients and 38 potential targets were screened from SM,and 22 active ingredients and 58 potential targets were excavated from CT.Important targets common to SM and CT were TNF,IL6,VEGFA,AKT1,etc.The common enrichment pathways involved are fluid shear stress and atherosclerosis,IL-17 signaling pathway,pathways in cancer,and toxoplasmosis.The findings suggested that the two traditional Chinese medicines exerted the effect of myocardial ischemia through the characteristics of multiple targets,multiple pathways,and multiple compounds.

The anti-pulmonary fibrosis of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge: A systematic review

The characteristics of PF are diffuse alveolitis and disruption of alveolar structure leading to pulmonary interstitial fibrosis.At the same time,pulmonary fibrosis reduces lung volume and restricts ventilation,ultimately leading to hypoxemia and respiratory failure.In clinical guidelines,Nintedanib or Pirfenidone is often used for treatment.However,the two drugs,although they may slow the progression of the disease,cannot stop,or reverse fibrosis and generally result in a variety of toxic side effects.In 184-220 A.D.,it was already recorded in Supplementary Records of Famous Physicians that the function of SMB was to invigorate blood circulation and disperse blood stasis.In modern medical research,the active ingredients of SMB have likewise been found to be used in treatments such as anti-fibrosis,anti-inflammatory,antithrombotic,antioxidant,microcirculatory improvement,and antineoplastic.In this review,a comprehensive search of the former literature on SMB and pulmonary fibers was conducted using databases including PubMed,CNKI,the National Science and Technology Library,Hindawi,Chinese Science and Technology Journal Database,and the Scientific Network Database.Meanwhile,this review presents the mechanisms of the active ingredients in SMB which have anti-pulmonary fibrosis effects through the signal pathways,cytokines,inflammation response,oxidative stress,apoptosis,and matrix metalloproteinases.SMB could offer a direction for therapy for pulmonary fibrosis by identifying the possible active components and exploring the potential mechanisms.Those could provide a reference for further research and application of SMB in the treatment of pulmonary fibrosis.

Studies on the comparative pharmacokinetic of three phenolic acids of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge in normal and hyperlipidemic rats by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry

The hydrophilic phenolic acid is the main component of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge against cardiovascular diseases.A validated and sensitive liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry(LC-MS/MS)method was established to simultaneously determinate three phenolic acids(danshensu,protocatechuic acid and rosmarinic acid)in rats to investigate their pharmacokinetic profiles firstly.The values for limit of quantification were in range of 0.25-1.25μg/L.Meanwhile,the suitable intra-day and inter-day precision as well as extraction recoveries were also obtained.And such an established method was finally successfully applied to compare the pharmacokinetic behaviors of three phenolic acids in normal and hyperlipidemic rats after oral administration of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge.The results showed there were significant differences in pharmacokinetic parameters between normal and hyperlipidemic groups.In especial,the plasma level of three phenolic acids in hyperlipidemic groups was significantly higher than normal ones.This comparative pharmacokinetic study provided direct evidence for improving clinical rational use of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge.

Investigation on Genetic Characteristics of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bge. by Using cpSSR Technology

[Objective] This study aimed to analyze the genetic characteristics of Salvia miltiorrhiza by using cpSSR （chloroplast microsatellites） molecular marker method. [Method] Twelve pairs of SSR primers with ideal cpSSR amplification result, good repeatability and clear amplification bands were selected for cpSSR detection and analysis of S. miltiorrhiza samples from 31 sampling locations in 25 counties of 8 provinces in China. [Result] S. miltiorrhiza shows an overall medium level in the cytoplasmic inheritance （cpSSR） and varying degrees of differences in the regions. Based on Shannon’s Information index （I） and Nei’s genetic diversity index, the cytoplasmic genetic diversity in different provinces shows a decreasing order of Shanxi, Henan, Shandong, Hebei, Sichuan, Jiangsu, Shaanxi, Anhui. Genetic variations of S. miltiorrhiza in eight provinces were found mainly among populations. Gene flow among populations with in a province is less than that among different provinces. [Conclusion] Comprehensive analysis shows that S. miltiorrhiza cultivated in genuine producing areas and traditional main producing areas are mainly introduced from the local before introduction of some foreign germplasm resources during cultivation. The exchange of S. miltiorrhiza germplasm resources exists very early among genuine producing areas such as Sichuan, Shandong and Henan, while S. miltiorrhiza germplasm resources in new producing areas are mainly introduced from genuine producing areas. However, no geographical correlation was observed in the genetic differentiation, which further reveals that there is a wide range of genetic exchange among S. miltiorrhiza germplasm resources in China, resulting from the artificial introduction from allopatry.

Preliminary study on Salvia miltiorrhiza bung endophytic fungus

Objective To select the strains which can produce tanshinone ⅡA like its host plant Salvia miltiorrhiza bung.Methods A total of 50 strains of endophytic fungi were isolated from healthy,living and symptomless tissues of Salvia miltiorrhiza bung,among which 29 strains were obtained from the root,14 from the stem,3 from the leaf,3 from the flower and 1 from the seed.Their antimicrobial activities against nine different bacteria,including both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria,were measured by Oxford plate agar diffusion bioassay.Results Our data showed that all but four strains had significant antibacterial activities on at least one indicator bacterium to some extent,and five strains(DR1,DR4,DR16,DR18 and DF2)manifested quite prominent antibacterial activities against certain pathogenic bacteria.In some degree,it might indicate that this endophytic fungus isolated from the tissues of Salvia miltiorrhiza bung has a potential value as a natural antibacterial medicine as well.Thin layer chromatography(TLC)and high-performance liquid chromatography(HPLC)were carried out to test selected strains,both inside and outside of the cell to see if any strain can produce tanshinone ⅡA.The result showed that extracts from three strains,labeled as DR12(outside cell),DR21(inside cell)and DF3(inside cell),had a component with the same Rf value in TLC assay as that of authentic tanshinone ⅡA.The extract from DR12(outside cell)and DR21(inside cell)had a peak at retention time identical to that of authentic tanshinone ⅡA in HPLC.Conclusion The fungi appear to produce the bioactive compound tanshinone ⅡA,and they could be used to produce tanshinone ⅡA by fermentation.It provides a new way to synthesize this natural medicine.

丹参SmRopGEF1基因的克隆、亚细胞定位与表达分析

目的:克隆丹参SmRopGEF1基因,研究其编码蛋白的亚细胞定位及其对逆境胁迫的应激反应和激素诱导下的表达水平。方法:根据前期丹参转录组测序结果设计SmRopGEF1基因特异引物,利用聚合酶链式反应(PCR)扩增SmRopGEF1基因序列;使用生物信息学方法分析SmRopGEF1蛋白序列特征及进化关系;构建pET28a-SmRopGEF1原核表达载体并转化至大肠埃希氏菌中诱导表达,构建35S启动的SmRopGEF1的绿色荧光蛋白原生质体瞬时表达载体,利用激光共聚焦显微镜观察SmRopGEF1的亚细胞定位;实时荧光定量PCR(qRT-PCR)检测逆境胁迫(低温、盐及干旱)和激素诱导(生长素、脱落酸、茉莉酸甲酯)下的基因表达量。结果:丹参SmRopGEF1基因开放阅读框(ORF)全长为1701 bp,编码566个氨基酸,蛋白相对分子质量是62362.99。生物信息学分析显示SmRopGEF1蛋白含有1个PRONE保守结构域,系统进化树分析表明SmRopGEF1蛋白与芡欧鼠尾草和一串红RopGEF1蛋白为高同源蛋白。成功构建pET28a-SmRopGEF1原核表达载体并在大肠埃希氏菌Rosetta(DE3)菌株中表达、纯化出SmRopGEF1重组蛋白。亚细胞定位的结果显示SmRopGEF1存在于植物细胞的细胞核中。qRT-PCR实验结果表明盐胁迫和冷胁迫能够显著提高SmRopGEF1的表达量;干旱胁迫后丹参愈伤中SmRopGEF1表达量下降。茉莉酸甲酯诱导后SmRopGEF1表达量升高。结论:克隆了丹参SmRopGEF1基因,其在抗逆胁迫中起到重要作用并且可能参与茉莉酸甲酯信号转导。研究结果丰富了丹参防御反应机制的研究,为选育丹参抗逆优良品种、提高丹参的产量与品质提供了参考。

Effects of salvia miltiorrhiza bung （SMB） onosteoblast－like cell lin （clonal MC3T3－E1 cells）

Objective:To investigate the role of SMB on the growth , differentiation and metabolism of osteoblastlike cells in vitro, we studied the effects of SMB on DNA synthesis and alkaline phosphatase(ALPase) activity of the cloned osteoblast like cells-MC3T3-E1. Methods: The cells were cultured in α-MEM with 0. 3% of fetal bovine serum and treated with SMB at the concentration of 0. 1 - 10. 0 g/L. Results : There was no significant difference in DNA synthesis between the groups in different concentration of SMB and the group of control. But SMB increased ALPase activity in a concentration-dependent fashion in later stage of cells , and up to maximum at the level of 5. 0 g/L , in which concentration , ALPase activity was about 135 % greater than that of control. However ,ALPase activity was inhibited in early stage of cells by the addition of SMB. Conclusion : SMB has the stimulating effect on the activity of osteoblast-like cells in vitro, and may play an important role in accelerating the remodeling of bone in vivo as well.

Effects of Salvia Miltiorrhiza Bung on the formation of osteoclastlike cells in mouse bone marrow culture

Objective:To studytheeffectsof SalviaMiltiorrhizaBung(SMB)on theformationof osteoclast-likecellsin vitro.Methods:Mousebonemarrowcellswereculturedwithα-MEMandexposedto SMB(1.0g/L),PGE 2 (1×10 -7 mol/L)or1.25(OH) 2 D 3 (1×10 -8 mol/L)only,andSMB+PGE 2 ,SMB+1.25(OH) 2 D 3 for8d respectively.Tatrate-resistant acidphosphatase(TRACP)-positivecellsweredetectedwithBurstonemethod.Results:Thenumberof TRACPpositive cells(mononuclearcellsonly)ingroupof SMBwas29.8%of thatof thecontrol,thatingroupof combinationof SMB withPGE 2 was35.2%of thatof groupPGE 2 alone,andthatingroupof SMBplus1.25(OH) 2 D 3 was39.3%of thatof group1.25(OH) 2 D 3 alone.SMBinhibitedtheTRACP-positivecellsformationonlyat theconcentrationof1.0g/L,whichwere notonlyinmononuclearcellsbutalsoinmultinuclearcells.In addition,TRACP-positivecellsinthegroupsof1.25(OH) 2 D 3 or PGE 2 were6.68and6.04timesrespectivelyas thatof thecontrols.Conclu sion:SMBhastheinhibitingeffectson osteoclast-likecellsformation,bothosteoclastsandtheirprecursors.

Effect of salvia miltiorrhiza and ligustrazine hydrochloride injection combined with hydroxyethyl starch injection on serum BNP, Hcy, MMP-2, S100B protein and hemorheology in patients with acute cerebral watershed infarction

Objective:To study the effect of salvia miltiorrhiza and ligustrazine hydrochloride injection combined with hydroxyethyl starch injection on serum BNP, Hcy, MMP-2, S100B protein and hemorheology in patients with acute cerebral watershed infarction.Methods:A total of 90 patientswith acute cerebral watershed infarction in our hospital from August 2014 to December 2016 were enrolled in this study. The subjects were divided into the control group (n=45) and the treatment group (n=45) randomly. The control group was treated with hydroxyethyl starch injection, the treatment group was treated withsalvia miltiorrhiza and ligustrazine hydrochloride injection combined with hydroxyethyl starch injection, and both the two groups were treated for 2 weeks. The serum BNP, Hcy, MMP-2, S100B protein and hemorheology of the two groups before and after treatments were compared.Results:There were no significantly differences of the serum BNP, Hcy, MMP-2, S100B protein and hemorheology of the two groups before treatment. The serum BNP, Hcy, MMP-2, S100B proteinlevels of the two groups after treatment were significantly lower than before treatment, and that of the treatment group after treatment were significantly lower than the control group. The PV, Lr, Mr, Hr and RE of the two groups after treatment were significantly lower than before treatment, and that of the treatment group after treatment were significantly lower than the control group.Conclusion:Salvia miltiorrhiza and ligustrazine hydrochloride injection combined with hydroxyethyl starch injectioncan significantlyimprovetheneurological function and hemorheology, reduce inflammation of the patients with acute cerebral watershed infarction, and it was worthy clinical application.

丹参根部生长规律Logistic模型研究

通过Logistic方程以定植时间为自变量建立丹参(Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge)主根粗、主根长和根鲜重的生长模型。分别用2011和2012年的数据进行拟合和检验,用1∶1作图法(1∶1plot)和均方根误差(RMSE)与实测值进行比较。通过对Logistic方程求一、二、三阶导数和拐点,研究了丹参根部生长速率与密度和氮肥的关系,探索丹参根部的生长规律。2011年拟合方程的决定系数均达到0.96以上,回归方程统计检验均达到极显著水平(P<0.01);2012年拟合方程的决定系数均达到0.95以上。结果表明,用Logistic曲线可较好地拟合丹参根部生长量与定植时间的关系;在生长中期和后期,低密度(株距25 cm×行距30 cm)处理的丹参根鲜重增长速率比其余密度处理的快;适量的氮肥(100 kg/hm2)使根鲜重的增长速率较快且持续的时间较长,速生期是丹参根部生长的关键时期。