Polygala tenuifolia,commonly known as Yuanzhi(YZ)in Chinese,has been shown to possess antiinsomnia properties.However,the material basis and the mechanism underlying its sedative-hypnotic effects remain unclear.Herein...Polygala tenuifolia,commonly known as Yuanzhi(YZ)in Chinese,has been shown to possess antiinsomnia properties.However,the material basis and the mechanism underlying its sedative-hypnotic effects remain unclear.Herein,we investigated the active components and neurochemical mechanism of YZ extracts using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry(LC-MS/MS)-based pharmacometabolomics and mass spectrometry imaging(MSI)-based spatial resolved metabolomics.According to the results,17 prototypes out of 101 ingredients in the YZ extract were detected in both the plasma and brain,which might be the major components contributing to the sedative-hypnotic effects.Network pharmacology analysis revealed that these prototypes may exert their effects through neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction,serotonergic synapse,dopaminergic synapse,and dopaminergic synapse,among other pathways.LC-MS/MS-based targeted metabolomics and Western blot(WB)revealed that tryptophan-serotonin-melatonin(Trp-5-HT-Mel)and tyrosine-norepinephrine-adrenaline(Tyr-Ne-Ad)are the key regulated pathways.Dopa decarboxylase(DDC)upregulation and phenylethanolamine Nmethyltransferase(PNMT)downregulation further confirmed these pathways.Furthermore,MSI-based spatially resolved metabolomics revealed notable alterations in 5-HT in the pineal gland(PG),and Ad in the brainstem,including the middle brain(MB),pons(PN),and hypothalamus(HY).In summary,this study illustrates the efficacy of an integrated multidimensional metabolomics approach in unraveling the sedative-hypnotic effects and neurochemical mechanisms of a Chinese herbal medicine,YZ.展开更多
智慧交通行业具有综合性、系统性、数据驱动、服务智能化、安全性和环保性等特点,对相关企业进行价值评估可以为投资决策提供参考、为资产配置提供依据、为相关企业的并购重组提供指导、明确业务发展的方向等。在进行企业价值评估时,重...智慧交通行业具有综合性、系统性、数据驱动、服务智能化、安全性和环保性等特点,对相关企业进行价值评估可以为投资决策提供参考、为资产配置提供依据、为相关企业的并购重组提供指导、明确业务发展的方向等。在进行企业价值评估时,重要的是考虑当前实际情况,相应地调整使用的参数,选择恰当的评估方法,确保评估数据反映最新的市场动态和企业经营状况。文章以qf科技为例,使用灰色预测模型GM(1,1)对qf科技企业的未来自由现金流加以预测,通过DCF模型和经过蒙特卡洛模拟(Monte Carlo Simulation)改进后的DCF模型对qf科技企业价值进行评估,最终结果显示:通过蒙特卡洛模拟(Monte Carlo Simulation)改进后的模型评估企业价值更加合理。展开更多
基金support from the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No:2022YFC3401003)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No:21927808)+2 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No:22104160)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No:2017YFC1704006)the Innovation Team of Ethnomedicine of National Ethnic Affairs Commission,China.We thank all the research staff who contributed to the study.
文摘Polygala tenuifolia,commonly known as Yuanzhi(YZ)in Chinese,has been shown to possess antiinsomnia properties.However,the material basis and the mechanism underlying its sedative-hypnotic effects remain unclear.Herein,we investigated the active components and neurochemical mechanism of YZ extracts using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry(LC-MS/MS)-based pharmacometabolomics and mass spectrometry imaging(MSI)-based spatial resolved metabolomics.According to the results,17 prototypes out of 101 ingredients in the YZ extract were detected in both the plasma and brain,which might be the major components contributing to the sedative-hypnotic effects.Network pharmacology analysis revealed that these prototypes may exert their effects through neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction,serotonergic synapse,dopaminergic synapse,and dopaminergic synapse,among other pathways.LC-MS/MS-based targeted metabolomics and Western blot(WB)revealed that tryptophan-serotonin-melatonin(Trp-5-HT-Mel)and tyrosine-norepinephrine-adrenaline(Tyr-Ne-Ad)are the key regulated pathways.Dopa decarboxylase(DDC)upregulation and phenylethanolamine Nmethyltransferase(PNMT)downregulation further confirmed these pathways.Furthermore,MSI-based spatially resolved metabolomics revealed notable alterations in 5-HT in the pineal gland(PG),and Ad in the brainstem,including the middle brain(MB),pons(PN),and hypothalamus(HY).In summary,this study illustrates the efficacy of an integrated multidimensional metabolomics approach in unraveling the sedative-hypnotic effects and neurochemical mechanisms of a Chinese herbal medicine,YZ.
文摘智慧交通行业具有综合性、系统性、数据驱动、服务智能化、安全性和环保性等特点,对相关企业进行价值评估可以为投资决策提供参考、为资产配置提供依据、为相关企业的并购重组提供指导、明确业务发展的方向等。在进行企业价值评估时,重要的是考虑当前实际情况,相应地调整使用的参数,选择恰当的评估方法,确保评估数据反映最新的市场动态和企业经营状况。文章以qf科技为例,使用灰色预测模型GM(1,1)对qf科技企业的未来自由现金流加以预测,通过DCF模型和经过蒙特卡洛模拟(Monte Carlo Simulation)改进后的DCF模型对qf科技企业价值进行评估,最终结果显示:通过蒙特卡洛模拟(Monte Carlo Simulation)改进后的模型评估企业价值更加合理。
