近年城市化进程加快,极端天气频繁出现,各大城市都出现过严重的内涝情况,严重危害人民群众的财产和人身安全。暴雨洪水管理模型(storm water management model,SWMM)等常用的城市雨洪径流模型已在城市内涝研究中广泛应用且效果显著。但...近年城市化进程加快,极端天气频繁出现,各大城市都出现过严重的内涝情况,严重危害人民群众的财产和人身安全。暴雨洪水管理模型(storm water management model,SWMM)等常用的城市雨洪径流模型已在城市内涝研究中广泛应用且效果显著。但构建SWMM工程文件所需的数据处理相对烦琐且对大多数模型来说,模型的输入和输出数据不直观,使用极不便。针对这一现状,研究如何快速构建城市雨洪模型并实现业务化意义重大。以成都市双流区东升街道为例,基于双流行政区划边界图层、排水(雨水)管网分布图、气象站点实况监测、数字高程模型(digital elevation model,DEM)和土地利用分类等多源数据,利用地理信息系统(geographic information system,GIS)技术,数字化并概化双流区的地下管网,利用水文分析法和泰森多边形法划分东升街道子汇水区,使用表面分析方法和分区统计方法计算处理各子汇水区的不透水占比、平均百分比坡度;利用GIS软件开发技术实现子汇水区特征宽度的求取;最后实现成都市双流区东升街道雨洪模型的程序化构建、自动化运行和结果可视化等一系列业务化研发,并利用历史内涝个例数据对构建的东升街道雨洪模型进行模拟对比验证,结果显示溢流节点与记录发生的汛情一致,效果良好;相应成果也应用到了双流城市内涝预警业务中。展开更多
Fusarium pseudograminearum is a devastating pathogen that causes Fusarium crown rot(FCR)in wheat and poses a significant threat to wheat production in terms of grain yield and quality.However,the mechanism by which F....Fusarium pseudograminearum is a devastating pathogen that causes Fusarium crown rot(FCR)in wheat and poses a significant threat to wheat production in terms of grain yield and quality.However,the mechanism by which F.pseudograminearum infects wheat remains unclear.In this study,we aimed to elucidate these mechanisms by constructing a T-DNA insertion mutant library for the highly virulent strain WZ-8A of F.pseudograminearum.By screening this mutant library,we identified nine independent mutants that displayed impaired pathogenesis in barley leaves.Among these mutants,one possessed a disruption in the gene FpRCO1 that is an ortholog of Saccharomyces cerevisiae RCO1,encoding essential component of the Rpd3S histone deacetylase complex in F.pseudograminearum.To further investigate the role of FpRCO1 in F.pseudograminearum,we employed a split-marker approach to knock out FpRCO1 in F.pseudograminearum WZ-8A.FpRCO1 deletion mutants exhibit reduced vegetative growth,conidium production,and virulence in wheat coleoptiles and barley leaves,whereas the complementary strain restores these phenotypes.Moreover,under stress conditions,the FpRCO1 deletion mutants exhibited increased sensitivity to NaCl,sorbitol,and SDS,but possessed reduced sensitivity to H_(2)O_(2)compared to these characteristics in the wild-type strain.RNA-seq analysis revealed that deletion of FpRCO1 affected gene expression(particularly the downregulation of TRI gene expression),thus resulting in significantly reduced deoxynivalenol(DON)production.In summary,our findings highlight the pivotal role of FpRCO1 in regulating vegetative growth and development,asexual reproduction,DON production,and pathogenicity of F.pseudograminearum.This study provides valuable insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying F.pseudograminearum infection in wheat and may pave the way for the development of novel strategies to combat this devastating disease.展开更多
文摘近年城市化进程加快,极端天气频繁出现,各大城市都出现过严重的内涝情况,严重危害人民群众的财产和人身安全。暴雨洪水管理模型(storm water management model,SWMM)等常用的城市雨洪径流模型已在城市内涝研究中广泛应用且效果显著。但构建SWMM工程文件所需的数据处理相对烦琐且对大多数模型来说,模型的输入和输出数据不直观,使用极不便。针对这一现状,研究如何快速构建城市雨洪模型并实现业务化意义重大。以成都市双流区东升街道为例,基于双流行政区划边界图层、排水(雨水)管网分布图、气象站点实况监测、数字高程模型(digital elevation model,DEM)和土地利用分类等多源数据,利用地理信息系统(geographic information system,GIS)技术,数字化并概化双流区的地下管网,利用水文分析法和泰森多边形法划分东升街道子汇水区,使用表面分析方法和分区统计方法计算处理各子汇水区的不透水占比、平均百分比坡度;利用GIS软件开发技术实现子汇水区特征宽度的求取;最后实现成都市双流区东升街道雨洪模型的程序化构建、自动化运行和结果可视化等一系列业务化研发,并利用历史内涝个例数据对构建的东升街道雨洪模型进行模拟对比验证,结果显示溢流节点与记录发生的汛情一致,效果良好;相应成果也应用到了双流城市内涝预警业务中。
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31901835)the Science and Technology Planning Project of Henan Province of China(212102110145)the International(Regional)Cooperation and Exchange Program of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31961143018).
文摘Fusarium pseudograminearum is a devastating pathogen that causes Fusarium crown rot(FCR)in wheat and poses a significant threat to wheat production in terms of grain yield and quality.However,the mechanism by which F.pseudograminearum infects wheat remains unclear.In this study,we aimed to elucidate these mechanisms by constructing a T-DNA insertion mutant library for the highly virulent strain WZ-8A of F.pseudograminearum.By screening this mutant library,we identified nine independent mutants that displayed impaired pathogenesis in barley leaves.Among these mutants,one possessed a disruption in the gene FpRCO1 that is an ortholog of Saccharomyces cerevisiae RCO1,encoding essential component of the Rpd3S histone deacetylase complex in F.pseudograminearum.To further investigate the role of FpRCO1 in F.pseudograminearum,we employed a split-marker approach to knock out FpRCO1 in F.pseudograminearum WZ-8A.FpRCO1 deletion mutants exhibit reduced vegetative growth,conidium production,and virulence in wheat coleoptiles and barley leaves,whereas the complementary strain restores these phenotypes.Moreover,under stress conditions,the FpRCO1 deletion mutants exhibited increased sensitivity to NaCl,sorbitol,and SDS,but possessed reduced sensitivity to H_(2)O_(2)compared to these characteristics in the wild-type strain.RNA-seq analysis revealed that deletion of FpRCO1 affected gene expression(particularly the downregulation of TRI gene expression),thus resulting in significantly reduced deoxynivalenol(DON)production.In summary,our findings highlight the pivotal role of FpRCO1 in regulating vegetative growth and development,asexual reproduction,DON production,and pathogenicity of F.pseudograminearum.This study provides valuable insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying F.pseudograminearum infection in wheat and may pave the way for the development of novel strategies to combat this devastating disease.
