BACKGROUND Genetic factors of chronic intestinal ulcers are increasingly garnering attention.We present a case of chronic intestinal ulcers and bleeding associated with mu-tations of the activin A receptor type II-lik...BACKGROUND Genetic factors of chronic intestinal ulcers are increasingly garnering attention.We present a case of chronic intestinal ulcers and bleeding associated with mu-tations of the activin A receptor type II-like 1(ACVRL1)and phospholipase A2 group IVA(PLA2G4A)genes and review the available relevant literature.CASE SUMMARY A 20-year-old man was admitted to our center with a 6-year history of recurrent abdominal pain,diarrhea,and dark stools.At the onset 6 years ago,the patient had received treatment at a local hospital for abdominal pain persisting for 7 d,under the diagnosis of diffuse peritonitis,acute gangrenous appendicitis with perforation,adhesive intestinal obstruction,and pelvic abscess.The surgical treat-ment included exploratory laparotomy,appendectomy,intestinal adhesiolysis,and pelvic abscess removal.The patient’s condition improved and he was dis-charged.However,the recurrent episodes of abdominal pain and passage of black stools started again one year after discharge.On the basis of these features and results of subsequent colonoscopy,the clinical diagnosis was established as in-flammatory bowel disease(IBD).Accordingly,aminosalicylic acid,immunotherapy,and related symptomatic treatment were administered,but the symptoms of the patient did not improve significantly.Further investigations revealed mutations in the ACVRL1 and PLA2G4A genes.ACVRL1 and PLA2G4A are involved in angiogenesis and coagulation,respectively.This suggests that the chronic intestinal ulcers and bleeding in this case may be linked to mutations in the ACVRL1 and PLA2G4A genes.Oral Kangfuxin liquid was administered to promote healing of the intestinal mucosa and effectively manage clinical symptoms.CONCLUSION Mutations in the ACVRL1 and PLA2G4A genes may be one of the causes of chronic intestinal ulcers and bleeding in IBD.Orally administered Kangfuxin liquid may have therapeutic potential.展开更多
The efficacy of the oxygen reduction reaction(ORR) in fuel cells can be significantly enhanced by optimizing cobalt-based catalysts,which provide a more stable alternative to iron-based catalysts.However,their perform...The efficacy of the oxygen reduction reaction(ORR) in fuel cells can be significantly enhanced by optimizing cobalt-based catalysts,which provide a more stable alternative to iron-based catalysts.However,their performance is often impeded by weak adsorption of oxygen species,leading to a 2e^(-)pathway that negatively affects fuel cell discharge efficiency.Here,we engineered a high-density cobalt active center catalyst,coordinated with nitrogen and sulfur atoms on a porous carbon substrate.Both experimental and theoretical analyses highlighted the role of sulfur atoms as electron donors,disrupting the charge symmetry of the original Co active center and promoting enhanced interaction with Co 3d orbitals.This modification improves the adsorption of oxygen and reaction intermediates during ORR,significantly reducing the production of hydrogen peroxide(H_(2)O_(2)).Remarkably,the optimized catalyst demonstrated superior fuel cell performance,with peak power densities of 1.32 W cm^(-2) in oxygen and 0.61 W cm^(-2) in air environments,respectively.A significant decrease in H_(2)O_(2) by-product accumulation was observed during the reaction process,reducing catalyst and membrane damage and consequently improving fuel cell durability.This study emphasizes the critical role of coordination symmetry in Co/N/C catalysts and proposes an effective strategy to enhance fuel cell performance.展开更多
为了降低电子传输层(Electron transport layer,ETL)与钙钛矿层之间的界面缺陷态密度,通过旋涂法在氧化铟锡(Indium tin oxide,ITO)透明导电玻璃上制备一层SnO_(2)电子传输层,并在其上表面旋涂(NH_(4))_(2)S以修饰SnO_(2)和钙钛矿光吸...为了降低电子传输层(Electron transport layer,ETL)与钙钛矿层之间的界面缺陷态密度,通过旋涂法在氧化铟锡(Indium tin oxide,ITO)透明导电玻璃上制备一层SnO_(2)电子传输层,并在其上表面旋涂(NH_(4))_(2)S以修饰SnO_(2)和钙钛矿光吸收层之间的界面。通过X射线光电子能谱、扫描电子显微镜、电化学阻抗谱等表征手段分析(NH_(4))_(2)S修饰对钙钛矿太阳能电池(Perovskite solar cells,PSCs)光电性能的影响。结果表明:NH_(4)^(+)降低了SnO_(2)的表面羟基(—OH)缺陷态密度,增强了界面的疏水性,减少了钙钛矿的形核位点,增大了钙钛矿晶粒;S^(2-)填补了SnO_(2)表面的氧空位(OV),同时部分S^(2-)还与未配位Pb^(2+)连接减少界面处Pb缺陷,抑制了界面处载流子复合;经过(NH_(4))_(2)S的修饰,PSCs开路电压从1.07 V提高到1.11 V,光电转化效率达到了20.53%。(NH_(4))2S修饰后的PSCs具有更高的光电转化效率、更好的长期稳定性。该研究可为PSCs商业化提供新的思路。展开更多
基金Supported by the Science and Technology Research Foundation of Guizhou Province,No.QKHJC-ZK[2022]YB642Science and Technology Research Foundation of Hubei Province,No.2022BCE030+2 种基金Science and Technology Research Foundation of Zunyi City,No.ZSKH-HZ(2022)344Research Project on Traditional Chinese Medicine and Ethnic Medicine Science and Technology of Guizhou Provincial Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine,No.QZYY-2023-021Science and Technology Research Foundation of Bijie City,No.BKH[2022]8.
文摘BACKGROUND Genetic factors of chronic intestinal ulcers are increasingly garnering attention.We present a case of chronic intestinal ulcers and bleeding associated with mu-tations of the activin A receptor type II-like 1(ACVRL1)and phospholipase A2 group IVA(PLA2G4A)genes and review the available relevant literature.CASE SUMMARY A 20-year-old man was admitted to our center with a 6-year history of recurrent abdominal pain,diarrhea,and dark stools.At the onset 6 years ago,the patient had received treatment at a local hospital for abdominal pain persisting for 7 d,under the diagnosis of diffuse peritonitis,acute gangrenous appendicitis with perforation,adhesive intestinal obstruction,and pelvic abscess.The surgical treat-ment included exploratory laparotomy,appendectomy,intestinal adhesiolysis,and pelvic abscess removal.The patient’s condition improved and he was dis-charged.However,the recurrent episodes of abdominal pain and passage of black stools started again one year after discharge.On the basis of these features and results of subsequent colonoscopy,the clinical diagnosis was established as in-flammatory bowel disease(IBD).Accordingly,aminosalicylic acid,immunotherapy,and related symptomatic treatment were administered,but the symptoms of the patient did not improve significantly.Further investigations revealed mutations in the ACVRL1 and PLA2G4A genes.ACVRL1 and PLA2G4A are involved in angiogenesis and coagulation,respectively.This suggests that the chronic intestinal ulcers and bleeding in this case may be linked to mutations in the ACVRL1 and PLA2G4A genes.Oral Kangfuxin liquid was administered to promote healing of the intestinal mucosa and effectively manage clinical symptoms.CONCLUSION Mutations in the ACVRL1 and PLA2G4A genes may be one of the causes of chronic intestinal ulcers and bleeding in IBD.Orally administered Kangfuxin liquid may have therapeutic potential.
基金financially National Natural Science Foundation of China (22288102, 22172134, U1932201, U2032202)Science and Technology Planning Project of Fujian Province (2022H0002)support from the EPSRC (EP/W03784X/1)。
文摘The efficacy of the oxygen reduction reaction(ORR) in fuel cells can be significantly enhanced by optimizing cobalt-based catalysts,which provide a more stable alternative to iron-based catalysts.However,their performance is often impeded by weak adsorption of oxygen species,leading to a 2e^(-)pathway that negatively affects fuel cell discharge efficiency.Here,we engineered a high-density cobalt active center catalyst,coordinated with nitrogen and sulfur atoms on a porous carbon substrate.Both experimental and theoretical analyses highlighted the role of sulfur atoms as electron donors,disrupting the charge symmetry of the original Co active center and promoting enhanced interaction with Co 3d orbitals.This modification improves the adsorption of oxygen and reaction intermediates during ORR,significantly reducing the production of hydrogen peroxide(H_(2)O_(2)).Remarkably,the optimized catalyst demonstrated superior fuel cell performance,with peak power densities of 1.32 W cm^(-2) in oxygen and 0.61 W cm^(-2) in air environments,respectively.A significant decrease in H_(2)O_(2) by-product accumulation was observed during the reaction process,reducing catalyst and membrane damage and consequently improving fuel cell durability.This study emphasizes the critical role of coordination symmetry in Co/N/C catalysts and proposes an effective strategy to enhance fuel cell performance.
文摘为了降低电子传输层(Electron transport layer,ETL)与钙钛矿层之间的界面缺陷态密度,通过旋涂法在氧化铟锡(Indium tin oxide,ITO)透明导电玻璃上制备一层SnO_(2)电子传输层,并在其上表面旋涂(NH_(4))_(2)S以修饰SnO_(2)和钙钛矿光吸收层之间的界面。通过X射线光电子能谱、扫描电子显微镜、电化学阻抗谱等表征手段分析(NH_(4))_(2)S修饰对钙钛矿太阳能电池(Perovskite solar cells,PSCs)光电性能的影响。结果表明:NH_(4)^(+)降低了SnO_(2)的表面羟基(—OH)缺陷态密度,增强了界面的疏水性,减少了钙钛矿的形核位点,增大了钙钛矿晶粒;S^(2-)填补了SnO_(2)表面的氧空位(OV),同时部分S^(2-)还与未配位Pb^(2+)连接减少界面处Pb缺陷,抑制了界面处载流子复合;经过(NH_(4))_(2)S的修饰,PSCs开路电压从1.07 V提高到1.11 V,光电转化效率达到了20.53%。(NH_(4))2S修饰后的PSCs具有更高的光电转化效率、更好的长期稳定性。该研究可为PSCs商业化提供新的思路。
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(12175254,U1832119)National Key R&D Program of China(2021YFE0104800)+2 种基金International Partnership Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences(121631KYSB20200039)International Cooperation Project of Shanghai Science and Technology Commission(20520750200)National Centre for Research and Development(WPC2/1/SCAPOL/2021)。
