Florida populations of the eastern tiger swallowtail butterfly, Papilio glaucus L., have unique morphological features and ecological adaptations that have contributed to their subspecies status (P. g. rnaynardi Gaut...Florida populations of the eastern tiger swallowtail butterfly, Papilio glaucus L., have unique morphological features and ecological adaptations that have contributed to their subspecies status (P. g. rnaynardi Gauthier). We describe geographically unique abilities for detoxification of Carolina willow, Salix caroliniana Michx. (Salicaceae), for several Florida populations of P. g. maynardi. Of all the approximately 570 worldwide species of the Papilionidae, such Salicaceae detoxification abilities exist only in the allopatric North American western and northernmost species (P. rutulus Lucas, R eurymedon Lucas and P. canadensis Rothschild & Jordan). Females of P. glaucus collected from populations in southeastern USA were examined for oviposition preference in 5-choice assays, and displayed a low preference for Salicaceae (〈5%), but larvae from Florida populations exhibited a high survival (〉 60%) on these plants. Detoxification abilities have previously shown to be autosomally inherited, and can be transferred via natural or hand-paired interspecific hybrid introgression. However, these Florida populations are at least 700-1 500 km from the nearest hybrids or the hybrid species, 17. appalachiensis Pavulaan & Wright, which possess these detoxification abilities. In any case, the Z ( = X)-linked oviposition preferences for Salicaceae are lacking in these Florida populations, illustrating genetic independence ofoviposition preference determination and larval survival/performance abilities. The origins of detoxification abilities are unlikely to be due to recent climate-driven introgression, and may represent ancestral trait carry-overs from interglacial refugium populations of the Pleistocene epoch.展开更多
Members of the WUSCHEL-related homeobox(WOX)transcription factor family are essential for determining cell fate and regulating diverse developmental processes in plants.Many WOX genes have been systematically investig...Members of the WUSCHEL-related homeobox(WOX)transcription factor family are essential for determining cell fate and regulating diverse developmental processes in plants.Many WOX genes have been systematically investigated in woody plants such as Populus trichocarpa,but not in Salix suchowensis.Whole-genome sequence data for S.suchowensis is now available for comprehensive study of WOX genes in S.suchowensis.We thus surveyed the genome of S.suchowensis and demonstrated active expression of 15 WOX genes.In a phylogenetic analysis of WOX genes,the 15 SsWOX genes clustered among the modern/WUS,intermediate and ancient clades similar to the WOX genes of Arabidopsis thaliana.Based on the conserved intron/exon structure,SsWOX genes in the same subgroup had similar conserved exon–intron structures and motif domains.Furthermore,among several SsWOX subgroups,WUS(Wuschel)-box and EAR(the ERF-associated amphiphilic repression)-like motifs were conserved.Expression profiles of WOX genes in roots,stems and leaves indicate that SsWOX genes have various conserved roles in the tissues.Comparative analysis of the expression patterns in Salix suchowensis with that of Arabidopsis suggests that different shoot regeneration abilities are controlled by different WOX genes in plants.The analysis provide an overview of differentially expressed SsWOX genes during shoot regeneration,but also contribute to understanding the evolution of WOX genes in Salicaceae and the interrelations of WOX genes and other transcription factors,providing targets for further study.展开更多
文摘Florida populations of the eastern tiger swallowtail butterfly, Papilio glaucus L., have unique morphological features and ecological adaptations that have contributed to their subspecies status (P. g. rnaynardi Gauthier). We describe geographically unique abilities for detoxification of Carolina willow, Salix caroliniana Michx. (Salicaceae), for several Florida populations of P. g. maynardi. Of all the approximately 570 worldwide species of the Papilionidae, such Salicaceae detoxification abilities exist only in the allopatric North American western and northernmost species (P. rutulus Lucas, R eurymedon Lucas and P. canadensis Rothschild & Jordan). Females of P. glaucus collected from populations in southeastern USA were examined for oviposition preference in 5-choice assays, and displayed a low preference for Salicaceae (〈5%), but larvae from Florida populations exhibited a high survival (〉 60%) on these plants. Detoxification abilities have previously shown to be autosomally inherited, and can be transferred via natural or hand-paired interspecific hybrid introgression. However, these Florida populations are at least 700-1 500 km from the nearest hybrids or the hybrid species, 17. appalachiensis Pavulaan & Wright, which possess these detoxification abilities. In any case, the Z ( = X)-linked oviposition preferences for Salicaceae are lacking in these Florida populations, illustrating genetic independence ofoviposition preference determination and larval survival/performance abilities. The origins of detoxification abilities are unlikely to be due to recent climate-driven introgression, and may represent ancestral trait carry-overs from interglacial refugium populations of the Pleistocene epoch.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Plan of China(2016YFD0600101)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Non-Profit Research Institution of CAF(CAFYBB2014QB015)+3 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31570662,31500533,and 61401214)Jiangsu Provincial Department of Housing and Urban–Rural Development(2016ZD44)2017 Graduate Research and Innovation Program Projects in Jiangsu Province(KYCY17_0827)the PAPD(Priority Academic Program Development)program at Nanjing Forestry University
文摘Members of the WUSCHEL-related homeobox(WOX)transcription factor family are essential for determining cell fate and regulating diverse developmental processes in plants.Many WOX genes have been systematically investigated in woody plants such as Populus trichocarpa,but not in Salix suchowensis.Whole-genome sequence data for S.suchowensis is now available for comprehensive study of WOX genes in S.suchowensis.We thus surveyed the genome of S.suchowensis and demonstrated active expression of 15 WOX genes.In a phylogenetic analysis of WOX genes,the 15 SsWOX genes clustered among the modern/WUS,intermediate and ancient clades similar to the WOX genes of Arabidopsis thaliana.Based on the conserved intron/exon structure,SsWOX genes in the same subgroup had similar conserved exon–intron structures and motif domains.Furthermore,among several SsWOX subgroups,WUS(Wuschel)-box and EAR(the ERF-associated amphiphilic repression)-like motifs were conserved.Expression profiles of WOX genes in roots,stems and leaves indicate that SsWOX genes have various conserved roles in the tissues.Comparative analysis of the expression patterns in Salix suchowensis with that of Arabidopsis suggests that different shoot regeneration abilities are controlled by different WOX genes in plants.The analysis provide an overview of differentially expressed SsWOX genes during shoot regeneration,but also contribute to understanding the evolution of WOX genes in Salicaceae and the interrelations of WOX genes and other transcription factors,providing targets for further study.