Recent emergence and outbreak of rotavirus gastroenteritis in Samoa:A scoping review of risk factors,containment measures and public health preparedness

Diarrheal diseases have been known to cause death in many children below the age of five years,and rotavirus infection represents a major health problem in the world today,particularly in developing countries.The recent outbreak of rotavirus gastroenteritis in Samoa led to the introduction of her debut national immunization program on rotavirus vaccination for infants.Despite the introduction of anti-viral and anti-emetic drugs as of the containment approaches towards the virus,risk factors,preventive measures and public health preparedness against rotavirus infection are poorly understood in Samoa.This review aims to use available evidence on rotavirus literature to elucidate and map preventive strategies for the recently emerged rotavirus infections in Samoa.We conducted a search strategy using online medical literature databases and retrieval systems.A designated set of keywords such as rotavirus,gastroenteritis,outbreak,risk factors,containment measures,vaccination and Samoa were inserted in electronic databases to retrieve articles.The databases included Pub Med,Google Scholar,MEDLINE,Scinapse,and EBSCO host.Findings from this review addressed the impact of rotavirus infection,associated threats and other preventive measures.Introducing useful health frameworks in pursuing possible methods such as improved water quality,exclusive breast feeding,improved laboratory diagnostics and outbreak surveillance,may be essential in addressing alternate approaches towards containment of the disease in Samoa and other Pacific Island Countries and Territories.

Preliminary Assessment of Heavy Metals in Soil along the Vaisigano River in Samoa

The contamination of heavy metals in various environmental matrices is a major concern to many researchers and requires attention due to their detrimental impacts on the environment and humans as well. This research was carried out to investigate heavy metal levels in soils of some selected sites along the Vaisigano river in Upolu, Samoa. The soil samples were also analysed for physicochemical parameters such as pH, Electrical Conductivity, Moisture Factor, Cation Exchange Capacity (CEC), Organic Carbon, Nitrogen, Phosphorus, and Soil texture. The mean concentrations of heavy metals at the Lelata site were 0.19 ± 0.05 mg/kg (Pb), 0.37 ± 0.45 mg/kg (Mn), 0.15 ± 0.02 mg/kg (Zn) and 0.56 ± 0.42 mg/kg (Cu). The mean concentrations of heavy metals at the Alaoa site were 0.13 ± 0.03 mg/kg (Pb), 0.42 ± 0.51 mg/kg (Mn), 0.16 ± 0.03 mg/kg (Zn) and 0.45 ± 0.43 mg/kg (Cu). The heavy metal concentrations from both sites were lower than the permissible levels given by the World Health Organization (WHO). The Geo-accumulation pollution index (I(geo)) of heavy metals in the Lelata site was Cu > Mn > Pb > Zn and from the Alaoa site was Cu > Pb > Zn > Mn.

理文造纸公司收购samoa浆厂；美国浆厂首次被中国公司收购

2005年1月24日，制浆造纸周刊报道中国公司首次收购北美浆厂，斯多克顿太平洋公司已于周五在加利福尼亚州萨摩亚同理文造纸公司签署了出售其年产21万t商品浆浆厂的协议。

Chemical Composition of Rainwater at Selected Sites on Upolu Island, Samoa

The study involved analysis of rainwater samples at four sites on Upolu Island, Samoa from November 2019 to April 2020. A total of 48 rainwater samples were analysed in order to determine the major cations (Na+, Mg2+, Ca2+, K+) and anions (Cl-, , ) in wet precipitation from the four sites. The average pH of the rainwater was 6.89, perhaps due to neutralization. Only 50% of the rain samples had a pH above 5.6. This shows strong inputs of alkaline species to rainwater samples in some sites. The average pH of samples higher than 5.6 is due to high loadings of sodium ions. The rainwater samples are dominated by Na+, Ca2+, Mg2+, Cl- and . The principal cations and anions, in decreasing order, are Na+ > Mg2+ > Ca2+ > K+ and Cl- > > . The correlation study and the comparison of major ion composition with other sites revealed that rainwater ion composition is strongly influenced by marine sources rather than anthropogenic and terrestrial sources.

SAMOA废油收集设备

本文介绍2种SAMOA废油收集设备. 1.流动式废油收集器(又称换油机)--70L 其独有的紧凑型的方型机身设计,具有占地面积小,容量大的特点.它带有高容积的可伸缩式集油漏斗(20L--径为430mm).桶的四角是圆边,可减少意外碰损车身.该机带水平指示仪.油桶尺寸为225×400×752mm.

SAMOA高压气动黄油加注设备

SAMOA系列高压气动黄油加注设备主要包括气动黄油加注泵、流动黄油加注机(不连油桶或连油桶)及其它选购附件、黄油喉转盘等.

Deformations of Land,Sea and Gravity Levels by the 2009 Samoa Earthquake

The Samoa Islands were struck by the September 2009 earthquake of Mw 8.1. We study the effect on the land level by means of GPS monitoring and on ocean level by tide-gauge records. This allows us to present a new picture of the interaction of crustal movements, gravitational adjustment and sea level changes. The land level exhibits a co-seismic uplift followed by a post-seismic crustal subsidence. The ocean level records a fall, significantly larger than the uplift and delayed by several months, followed by a significant rise, by far exceeding the crustal subsidence and delayed by several months. This indicates a significant contribution from changes in gravity (geoidal eustasy), besides relative sea level changes due to crustal movements. High amplitude, and high frequency changes in tidal range provide evidence of changes in gravity and geoidal eustasy.

Coastal eutrophication, land use changes and Ceratium furca (Dinophyceae) blooms in Pago Pago Harbor, American Samoa 2007-2009

The bloom forming dinoflagellate, Ceratium furca, has been linked with coastal eutrophication worldwide in tropical and subtropical locations. During the summer of 2007, an unusual 6-month long bloom of C. furca was observed in Pago Pago Harbor, Tutuila Island, American Samoa. Incidents of dinoflagellate blooms in this area have not been previously reported. The bloom was first reported in May and dissipated in November 2007. In February-March 2009, a similar C. furca bloom was observed. During both blooms, no fish mortality events were reported. Maximum cell counts were observed on September 20, 2007 at 9 200 cell/mL. At this time, total nitrogen was measured at 1.2 mg/L while total phosphate was below detection limits. Changes in land use practices may have been the primary driver of these blooms. Intense fertilization of athletic fields coupled with ineffective management strategies is hypothesized to have a direct link to the increase in nutrients found in the Pago Pago Harbor and may have been the trigger for the initialization of these blooms. During 2008, the fields were not used due to an infestation of the fire ant, Solenopsis geminata. Once controlled, the fields were opened again in 2009 and fertilizers were applied in January, a month before the bloom was observed.

基于特色地域文化下的交通建筑设计探索——以萨摩亚法雷奥诺国际机场改扩建工程为例

从“一带一路”倡议的背景出发,以萨摩亚法雷奥诺国际机场建筑为研究对象,从地域文化、当地特色建筑、航站楼功能布局、空间设计及屋面造型设计等方面,探析如何将特殊地域文化融入交通建筑设计。

分布式数据流决策树VFDT分类算法研究

随着大数据时代的到来,网络上充斥着大量高速变化的数据流,然而传统数据挖掘技术不能很好地直接应用到数据流上。研究基于决策树的数据流分类挖掘算法,其研究思路是首先描述一般决策树;然后重点阐述数据流决策树VFDT的算法的实现,采用Twitter Storm分布式流式计算框架的并行计算和Yahoo SAMOA机器学习平台,对VFDT算法进行并行化设计;最后通过实验验证并行化的VHT决策树算法具有良好的运行效率与性能。

中国、日本及萨摩亚护理本科生评判性思维能力比较性研究

[目的]对中国、日本及萨摩亚护理本科生的评判性思维能力进行比较性研究。[方法]采用加利佛尼亚评判性思维倾向量表为研究工具,应用方便抽样法共抽取535名护理本科生为研究对象。[结果]3个国家护理本科生的评判性思维能力为中等水平;中国学生的评判性思维能力高于日本学生,两者比较有统计学意义(P<0.05)。但中国学生与萨摩亚学生、萨摩亚与日本学生的评判性思维能力比较没有统计学意义(P>0.05)。[结论]评判性思维能力与教育体制及文化背景有一定的关系。

2009年9月29日萨摩亚群岛地区地震破裂过程快速反演

运用地震破裂过程快速反演方法,在2009年9月29日萨摩亚群岛地区地震发生后,采用全球地震台网(GSN)的宽频带地震资料,快速反演了这次地震的破裂过程,并于震后3.5小时内得出了这次地震破裂过程的反演结果.结果表明,这次萨摩亚群岛地区地震的破裂过程具有如下基本特征:①矩震级约为MW8.0;②地震主要破裂持续时间约为138s;③滑动量在断层面上的分布比较复杂,整个地震破裂包含至少2个滑动量较大的区域;④这次地震基本上是一次单侧破裂事件,破裂主要朝向西北方向.

罗伯特·史蒂文森与萨摩亚殖民争端——19世纪末欧洲殖民主义文化的另类声音

在生命的最后五年里,罗伯特.史蒂文森卷入了欧美列强在太平洋上的一场殖民争夺。他站到正义和弱者一边,用犀利的文笔无情地揭露和斥责殖民者的强盗行径,用真挚的同情为萨摩亚人大声疾呼,赢得了当地人的尊重和爱戴。史蒂文森体现了白人的良心,是一位极富正义感的文学家。

教育·文化·人格——《萨摩亚人的成年》对教育的启示

《萨摩亚人的成年》一书对教育的启示主要从文化环境与人格积淀、两性教育的反思、教育的重要任务之一是让孩子学会选择三个方面进行重点探讨,在人类学发展历史的背景下,尤其在波亚士学派的背景下来考察此书,具有非常重要的意义。

试论温特的《榕树叶子》

获得新西兰文学最高成就奖"威蒂奖"的《榕树叶子》是西萨摩亚裔新西兰作家温特的代表作,它多角度叙述了一个西萨摩亚家庭在动荡的历史语境和政治语境下的变迁、冲突和转变。小说使用和发展了传统的波利尼西亚式的叙事手法,向整个世界展示了真正的西萨摩亚,堪称一部民族史诗。

回望西萨摩亚民族的心灵——诗歌《我们心中的死者》简论

西萨摩亚当代最杰出的诗人温特在南太平洋文学史上占有非常重要的地位,他的代表作《我们心中的死者》是该民族的史诗,它以传统的文化作为背景,审视了波利尼西亚民族心灵和精神的成长;外来文化和传统文化的相遇和冲突是他诗歌的重要主题,他的诗歌同时也表达了诗人对历史的追述和个人的感受,展示波利尼西亚民族心灵深处活跃的永不泯灭的历史感。

中国对萨摩亚援助述论

对外援助是中国和平外交的主要内容,也是中国主动承担大国义务、显示大国责任的重要举措。自1975年中萨建交以来,中国政府通过全额援建、优惠贷款、技术合作、人力资源援助等形式对萨摩亚进行了多领域、多渠道援助,包括基础设施建设、选派医疗队、农业技术支持、派遣理科教师以及紧急人道主义援助等,为萨摩亚的经济建设、社会发展、民众生活提供了有力支持,收到了良好成效。但从目前看来,对萨援助还存在短期培训项目密集重复、室内配套物资没有充分考虑当地实际、后期维护没有及时跟进等问题,需要进一步改进。

萨摩亚地震台网勘选

根据中萨签定的"援建萨摩亚地震台网项目",对萨摩亚进行了地震台网的勘选,选出了3个固定宽带地震台站的台址。通过勘选确定的萨摩亚地震台网,填补了萨摩亚无地震监测台网的空白,有助于提高萨摩亚的地震监测和综合减灾能力,实现萨摩亚境内及周边地区大、中地震的监测与速报,为海啸预警及地震减灾系统的建立搭建基础平台。

萨摩亚体育生活方式考察

运用体育人类学理论与方法,从体质和文化两方面入手对萨摩亚的体育生活方式进行实地调查,对一个既现代又传统的南太平洋岛国的体育生活进行较全面解析。结果显示:在体育文化多样性进程中,萨摩亚人能根据人和体育的自然性和社会性,因地制宜、因陋就简开展各种体育活动;萨摩亚人的心理顺应性,使其能够比较平和地接受殖民时期宗主国的文化对其体育产生的深远影响,形成了今天将传统体育、特色体育项目和现代体育融合起来的体育生活方式;而作为对国民体质健康的深切关照,萨摩亚政府高层带头参与体育活动与赛事,推崇现代竞技体育项目,将体育营造成一种大众的生活方式;同时积极参与和承办国际赛事,又体现了一个摆脱殖民的独立民族对自身体育文化提升的诉求,彰显萨摩亚的独立自主发展的国家形象。

清驻德属西萨摩亚领事林润钊对华工的保护

清驻德属西萨摩亚领事的派设,相比其它国家为时较晚,但华工遭受的凌辱虐待并不稍显逊色。广东洋务委员林润钊因精通英文、谙练交涉、熟悉情形而被派充驻萨首任领事,可谓人地相宜,才尽其用。林润钊任内恪尽职守,不辱使命,在内外臣工和旅萨华工的积极配合下,通过同萨督反复谈判,匡正诸多不利于华工的旧章苛例,华工的法律地位有所提高,工作待遇有所改善,尊严、权益得到一定程度的保障,实属晚清精明强干的外交良才。