Introduction: Covid-19 is a systemic disease that can spread to all systems. Among the gastrointestinal manifestations, pancreatic involvement can have a major prognostic impact. We report 3 acute pancreatitis cases o...Introduction: Covid-19 is a systemic disease that can spread to all systems. Among the gastrointestinal manifestations, pancreatic involvement can have a major prognostic impact. We report 3 acute pancreatitis cases occurring during Covid-19, in Dakar. Case 1: 65-year-old woman who presented with intense atypical epigastric pain. Physical examination revealed obesity, high blood pressure and abdominal tenderness. Biological tests found increase CRP (134 mg/l) and lipasemia (312 UI/l). Abdominal CT scan showed findings of Balthazar grade C acute pancreatitis. RT-PCR for SARS CoV 2 RT-PCR was positive. The outcome was favorable. Case 2: 56-year-old woman patient with history of nephroangiosclerosis who presented with dyspnea, cough, fever and moderate epigastric pain. Physical examination revealed epigastric tenderness, high blood pressure, anuria. Biological testing, noted increase CRP (96 mg/l), lipasemia (793 UI/l), creatinine (227 mg/l) and urea (3.84 g/l). Abdominal CT scan showed acute edematous pancreatitis findings. SARS CoV 2 RT PCR was positive. The outcome was favorable. Case 3: 27-year-old man who presented with physical asthenia, headache, and epigastric pain. Physical examination found epigastric tenderness. Elevated CRP level was of 102 mg/l and lipasemia level was of 427 UI/l (7N). Abdominal CT scan showed acute edematous pancreatitis findings. SARS CoV 2 RT PCR was positive. The outcome was favorable. Conclusion: Acute pancreatitis can occur during Covid-19 infection. However, the imputability to the Covid-19 disease necessitates to rule out the most common causes.展开更多
1|INTRODUCTION The first case of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS‐CoV‐2)was reported in Wuhan,China,in December 2019.The virus spread worldwide within a few weeks of its outbreak,resulting in cor...1|INTRODUCTION The first case of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS‐CoV‐2)was reported in Wuhan,China,in December 2019.The virus spread worldwide within a few weeks of its outbreak,resulting in coronavirus disease(COVID‐19)[1,2].In March 2020,the World Health Organization(WHO)declared the COVID‐19 outbreak,a global pandemic.展开更多
Novel coronavirus(SARS‑CoV‑2,SARS‑CoV‑2 for short)infection can cause a series of gastrointestinal damage.Related studies have reported that SARS‑CoV‑2 infection can lead to the occurrence and progression of ulcerativ...Novel coronavirus(SARS‑CoV‑2,SARS‑CoV‑2 for short)infection can cause a series of gastrointestinal damage.Related studies have reported that SARS‑CoV‑2 infection can lead to the occurrence and progression of ulcerative colitis,which may be related to the cytokine storm caused by SARS‑CoV‑2 infection.Recently,we have also paid attention to whether infection with SARS‑CoV‑2 will aggravate the condition of UC patients receiving biological immunotherapy and whether vaccination with SARS‑CoV‑2 is safe and effective for these patients.At present,the interaction mechanism between SARS‑CoV‑2,SARS‑CoV‑2 vaccine and ulcerative colitis is not fully understood,and more research is needed to further clarify the relationship.展开更多
The effects of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS‐CoV‐2)infection persist months and years after recovery.We conducted an online survey to assess the health condition of convalescents approximately...The effects of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS‐CoV‐2)infection persist months and years after recovery.We conducted an online survey to assess the health condition of convalescents approximately 5 months following the primary infection of SARS‐CoV‐2.The study recruited 5,510 individuals who were primary infected,626 participants who had experienced reinfection,and 521 participants who were without infective history.The most common disorders after the primary infection group were fatigue(15.18%),memory issue(13.13%),post‐exertional malaise(PEM,11.68%),and brain fog(11.29%)at the time of survey.In addition,SARS‐CoV‐2 infection had an impact on the reproductive systems.In stepwise logistic regression analysis,smoking currently,with background diseases,and outpatient visits in the acute phase could be associated with moderate/severe disorders.Further analysis of different background diseases showed that allergic rhinitis,hyperlipidemia,cardiovascular disease,autoimmune diseases,neurological diseases,and asthma likely increased the risk of moderate/severe disorders.The probability of developing disorders of individuals with SARS‐CoV‐2 reinfection was higher before the secondary infection than uninfected people.Fatigue,PEM,muscle pain/spasms,chills,joint pain,excessive sweating at rest,headache/dizziness,sore throat or foreign body sensation in the throat,cough,expectoration,dry/painful/watery eyes,loss of appetite and constipation were associated with an increased risk of reinfection.It was essential to undertake further research with enhanced randomization in a larger sample in the community,and to strengthen the validation of the research conclusions.The findings of this study contribute to a deeper understanding of the health recovery process among coronavirus disease 2019(COVID‐19)convalescents.Moreover,the findings help identify characteristic health risk factors associated with convalescents and highlight the risk of moderate/severe disorders and reinfection.Furthermore,the findings also provide valuable guidance and reference for SARS‐CoV‐2 rehabilitation strategies and the prevention of reinfection,offering insights for scientific recommendations。展开更多
The real‐time reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction(RT‐PCR)test is the gold standard for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS‐CoV‐2)detection.Proper specimen collection and obtaining a s...The real‐time reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction(RT‐PCR)test is the gold standard for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS‐CoV‐2)detection.Proper specimen collection and obtaining a sufficient specimen are the most essential steps for laboratory diagnosis.The nasopharyngeal(NP)swab is recommended as the reference collection method.However,NP swab collection is invasive and uncomfortable for patients and poses some risk to healthcare workers.This study aimed to compare the efficacy of SARS‐CoV‐2 RNA detection from surgical masks with the NP swab method using RT‐PCR testing.Of 269 patients,RT‐PCR RNA from NP swabs was detected among 82 patients(30.5%)and was undetected among 187 patients(69.5%).All patients were tested for SARS‐CoV‐2 RNA from surgical masks.SARS‐CoV‐2 RNA was detected in 25/82(30.5%)surgical mask filters,while undetected among 57(69.5%).For the surgical mask with an average use time of 7.05 h,the sensitivity was 30.5%,the specificity was 100.0%,with positive predictive value of 100.0%and negative predictive value of 76.2%.Therefore,surgical masks could be an alternative non‐invasive specimen source for SARS‐CoV‐2 RT‐PCR testing.The results of our study suggest that the test could be employed after wearing surgical masks for at least 8‐12 h,with increased sensitivity when used for more than 12 h.展开更多
The risk factors of severe infections in children during the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS‐CoV‐2)outbreak in Beijing remain elusive.SARS‐CoV‐2‐positive children admitted to the intensive ca...The risk factors of severe infections in children during the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS‐CoV‐2)outbreak in Beijing remain elusive.SARS‐CoV‐2‐positive children admitted to the intensive care unit(ICU)with collected plasma specimens were enrolled and screened for common pathogens using capillary electrophoresis‐based multiplex PCR from December 12,2022,to January 24,2023.The SARS‐CoV‐2 subvariants were identified using next‐generation sequencing.Plasma was positive for two(positive;P),one(suspicious;S),or no(negative;N)SARS‐CoV‐2 genes were classified as plasmatic RNA‐positive(RNAemia;P+S)or without RNAemia(N).Clinical and laboratory data of the enrolled cases were then collected and analyzed.The 34 enrolled children included 26 males and 24 younger than three years.All were negative for other respiratory pathogens.BF.7.14(18/29)was the predominant subvariant.Viral loads in respiratory specimens,hours from symptom onset to the first respiratory specimen collection(time‐variable),with comorbidities and BF.7.14 and BA.5.2 distributions were significantly different in P vs.N and RNAemia vs.without RNAemia group.Among most cases,the T lymphocyte ratios decreased,while the cytokine level and the B lymphocyte ratio increased.The time variables were 2.22±2.05 and 4.00±2.49 days in BF.7.14 and BA.5.2 infections,respectively.In conclusion,SARS‐CoV‐2 was more likely to cause severe infections among males aged≤3 years old with comorbidities during the SARS‐CoV‐2 outbreak in Beijing,while RNAemia is more common in children at the early stage of severe BF.7.14 infections,and most had high cytokine levels and B‐cell activation.展开更多
Introduction: Morocco has experienced, like the whole world, the COVID-19 pandemic. Until the writing of this article, a subjective observation of the increase in the number of anencephaly has been observed in our fac...Introduction: Morocco has experienced, like the whole world, the COVID-19 pandemic. Until the writing of this article, a subjective observation of the increase in the number of anencephaly has been observed in our facility. And since the teratogenic potential of the SARS Cov 2 virus is not sufficiently documented, we wondered if there would be a relationship between the relatively high number of anencephalic fetuses and COVID-19 infection. Aim: the objective of the study is to look for a possible correlation between the period of conception of these anencephalies and the pandemic. Material and methods: This is a retrospective study (from June 1, 2020 to May 31, 2022 in the Obstetrics Gynecology department, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, CADI AYYAD UNIVERSITY Marrakech Morocco) consisting of the analysis of the number of patients in the target embryonic period (namely the closure of the neural tube: D18 to D30 of embryonic life) compared to the reference curves of the evolution of the SARS Cov2 pandemic. Results: The analysis of the number of patients at the target embryonic phase shows that many of our anencephalons (63%) were conceived during periods of high diffusion of the SARS Cov 2 virus in Morocco. Conclusion: Our study suggests a relationship between the COVID-19 pandemic and the occurrence of anencephaly, we cannot, however, highlight the type of direct or indirect relationship that binds them. Therefore, further studies should be considered to better investigate this relationship.展开更多
Since its first discovery,the Omicron variant of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS‐CoV‐2)has evoked another wave of infection and caused global concern and panic.Moreover,although the data are sti...Since its first discovery,the Omicron variant of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS‐CoV‐2)has evoked another wave of infection and caused global concern and panic.Moreover,although the data are still limited,Omicron showed highly concerning characteristics,including higher transmissibility,extensive immune escape and potentially altered host range.We interpreted these characteristics based on currently available data and outlined some urgent questions,calling for a more comprehensive investigation.展开更多
Like antibody evaluation,using an effective antigen‐specific T‐cell immunity assessment method in coronavirus disease 2019(COVID‐19)patients,survivors and vaccinees is crucial for understanding the immune persisten...Like antibody evaluation,using an effective antigen‐specific T‐cell immunity assessment method in coronavirus disease 2019(COVID‐19)patients,survivors and vaccinees is crucial for understanding the immune persistence,prognosis assessment,and vaccine development for COVID‐19.This study evaluated an empirically adjusted enzyme‐linked immunospot assay for detecting severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS‐CoV‐2)‐specific T‐cell immunity in 175 peripheral blood samples from COVID‐19 convalescents and healthy individuals.Results of viral nucleic acid were used as the gold standard of infection confirmation.The SARS‐CoV‐2M peptide pool had higher sensitivity of 85%and specificity of 71%for the single peptide pool.For combined peptide pools,the parallel evaluation(at least one of the peptide pools is positive)of total peptide pools(S1&S2&M&N)had higher sensitivity(up to 93%),and the serial evaluation(all peptide pools are positive)of total peptide pools had higher specificity(up to 100%).The result of the serial evaluation was better than that of the parallel evaluation as a whole.The detection efficiency of M and N peptide pool serial evaluation appeared the highest,with a sensitivity of 80%and specificity of 93%.This T‐cell immunity detection assay introduced in this report can achieve high operability and applicability.Therefore,it can be an effective SARS‐CoV‐2‐specific cellular immune function evaluation method.展开更多
Omicron(B.1.1.529),the fifth variant of concern(VOC)of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS‐CoV‐2),was firstly identified in November 2021 in South Africa.Omicron contains far more genome mutations t...Omicron(B.1.1.529),the fifth variant of concern(VOC)of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS‐CoV‐2),was firstly identified in November 2021 in South Africa.Omicron contains far more genome mutations than any other VOCs ever found,raising significant concerns about its increased transmissibility and immune evasion.Here,we report the importation of the Omicron variant into Beijing,China,in December 2021.Full‐length genome sequences of five imported strains were obtained,with their genetic features characterized.Each strain contained 57 to 61 nucleotide substitutions,39 deletions,and 9 insertions in the genome.Thirty to thirty‐two amino acid changes were found in the spike proteins of the five strains.The phylogenetic tree constructed by the maximum likelihood method showed that all five imported genomes belonged to Omicron(BA.1)(alias of B.1.1.529.1),which is leading to the current surge of coronavirus disease 2019(COVID‐19)cases worldwide.The globally increased COVID‐19 cases driven by the Omicron variant pose a significant challenge to disease prevention and control in China.Continuous viral genetic surveillance and increased testing among international travellers are required to contain this highly contagious variant.展开更多
The coronavirus disease 2019(COVID‐19)is still causing a wide range of infections and deaths due to the high variability of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS‐CoV‐2).Therefore,it is necessary ...The coronavirus disease 2019(COVID‐19)is still causing a wide range of infections and deaths due to the high variability of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS‐CoV‐2).Therefore,it is necessary to establish a reliable and convenient pseudovirus‐based neutralization assay to develop drug targeted variants of SARS‐CoV‐2.Based on the HIV‐1 backbone,we generated a high titer luciferase(Luc)‐expressing pseudovirus packaging system.Three dominant S mutant substitution pseudovirus were also established and identified compared to wide type in hACE2‐overexpressingHEK‐293T cells(293T‐ACE2 cells).Compared to serine protease inhibitor camostat mesylate,the cysteine protease inhibitor E‐64d could significantly block all SARS‐CoV‐2 mutant S pseudovirus infection in 293T‐ACE2 cells.Furthermore,the neutralization ability of two antibodies targeted receptor‐binding domain(RBD)of SARS‐CoV‐2 spike protein(S)was evaluated,which showeddifferent inhibition dose–effect curves among four types of S pseudovirus.Overall,we developed a pseudovirus‐based neutralization assay for SARS‐CoV‐2,which would be readily adapted to SARS‐CoV‐2 variants for evaluating antibodies.展开更多
The novel betacoronavirus(Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2,SARS‐CoV‐2)is a pathogen that causes deadly respiratory disease named coronavirus disease 2019(COVID‐19).The incidence of this disease has i...The novel betacoronavirus(Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2,SARS‐CoV‐2)is a pathogen that causes deadly respiratory disease named coronavirus disease 2019(COVID‐19).The incidence of this disease has increased in the last few months affecting 257,832,881 people in 221 countries and 51,68,069 deaths worldwide according to Worldometer at 04:03 GMT on November 22,2021.Thus,the emergence of this disease creates a challenge for health care providers in handling this pathogen and reducing its risk of transmission.In developing countries,this virus is treated in biosafety level 2 laboratories,where a high concentration of pathogen can easily affect the laboratory staff and cause the spread of this disease.Based on the epidemiology and characteristics of the SARS‐CoV‐2 virus already discussed in recent studies,we will provide biosafety guidelines and suggestions for safe handling and transportation of the SARS‐CoV‐2 virus in dealing with the current pandemic situation with a focus on increased infectivity of emerging new variants.展开更多
During severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS‐CoV‐2)infection,activated macrophages,dendritic cells(D.C.),neutrophils,and natural killer(N.K.)cells are the first defense against infection.These immune ...During severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS‐CoV‐2)infection,activated macrophages,dendritic cells(D.C.),neutrophils,and natural killer(N.K.)cells are the first defense against infection.These immune effectors trap and ingest the virus,kill infected epithelial cells,or produce anti‐viral cytokines.Evidence suggests that aging,obesity,and mental illness can lead to weakened innate immunity and,thus,are all associated with elevated infection and severe disease progression of coronavirus disease 2019(COVID‐19).Innate immune defense networks play a fundamental role in suppressing viral replication,infection establishment,and viral pathogenesis of SARS‐CoV‐2 and other respiratory viruses.展开更多
Since severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS‐CoV‐2)was first identified during late 2019,the sustained spread of this pathogen within the human population has caused worldwide disruption with staggerin...Since severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS‐CoV‐2)was first identified during late 2019,the sustained spread of this pathogen within the human population has caused worldwide disruption with staggering infection rates and death tolls.Due to the accumulation of mutations in SARS‐CoV‐2,the virus has evolved into many variants,five of which have been listed as variants of concern VOCs by the World Health Organization(WHO).Multiple animal models of SARS‐CoV‐2 have been developed to evaluate vaccines and drugs and to assess the pathogenicity,transmissibility and antiviral measures of these VOCs.Here,we review the cutting‐edge research based on mouse,hamster,ferret and non‐human primate models for evaluating SARS‐CoV‐2 with a focus on the Omicron variant,and highlight the importance of updating vaccines in a timely manner in order to mitigate the negative effects of SARS‐CoV‐2 infections in the human population.展开更多
Although significant achievements have shown that the coronavirus disease 2019(COVID‐19)resurgence in Beijing,China,was initiated by contaminated frozen products and transported via cold chain transportation,internat...Although significant achievements have shown that the coronavirus disease 2019(COVID‐19)resurgence in Beijing,China,was initiated by contaminated frozen products and transported via cold chain transportation,international travelers with asymptomatic symptoms or false‐negative nucleic acid may have another possible transmission mode that spread the virus to Beijing.One of the key differences between these two assumptions was whether the virus actively replicated since,so far,no reports showed viruses could stop evolution in alive hosts.We studied severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS‐CoV‐2)sequences in this outbreak by a modified leaf‐dating method with the Bayes factor.The numbers of single nucleotide variants(SNVs)found in SARS‐CoV‐2 sequences were significantly lower than those called from B.1.1 records collected at the matching time worldwide(P=0.047).In addition,results of the leaf‐dating method showed ages of viruses sampled from this outbreak were earlier than their recorded dates of collection(Bayes factors>10),while control sequences(selected randomly with ten replicates)showed no differences in their collection dates(Bayes factors<10).Our results which indicated that the re‐emergence of SARS‐CoV‐2 in Beijing in June 2020 was caused by a virus that exhibited a lack of evolutionary changes compared to viruses collected at the corresponding time,provided evolutionary evidence to the contaminated imported frozen food should be responsible for the reappearance of COVID‐19 cases in Beijing.The method developed here might also be helpful to provide the very first clues for potential sources of COVID‐19 cases in the future.展开更多
The SARS–CoV–2 virus is released from an infectious source(such as a sick person)and adsorbed on aerosols,which can form pathogenic microorganism aerosols,which can affect human health through airborne transmission....The SARS–CoV–2 virus is released from an infectious source(such as a sick person)and adsorbed on aerosols,which can form pathogenic microorganism aerosols,which can affect human health through airborne transmission.Efficient sampling and accurate detection of microorganisms in aerosols are the premise and basis for studying their properties and evaluating their hazard.In this study,we built a set of sub-micron aerosol detection platform,and carried out a simulation experiment on the SARS–CoV–2 aerosol in the air by wet-wall cyclone combined with immunomagnetic nanoparticle adsorption sampling and ddPCR.The feasibility of the system in aerosol detection was verified,and the influencing factors in the detection process were experimentally tested.As a result,the sampling efficiency was 29.77%,and extraction efficiency was 98.57%.The minimum detection limit per unit volume of aerosols was 250 copies(102copies/m L,concentration factor 2.5).展开更多
The immune responses and the function of immune cells among asymptomatic severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS‐CoV‐2)infection cases,especially in immuno‐compromised individuals,remain largely unknow...The immune responses and the function of immune cells among asymptomatic severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS‐CoV‐2)infection cases,especially in immuno‐compromised individuals,remain largely unknown.Here we present a case of asymptomatic SARS‐CoV‐2 infection that lasted for at least 67 days.The patient has administrated Thymalfasin as 1.6 mg per dose every other day from Day 45 to 70,plus 200 mg per dose Arbidol antiviral therapy three doses per day from Day 48 to 57.Throughout the infection,no anti‐SARS‐CoV‐2 specific IgM or IgG antibodies were detected.Instead,the patient showed either a low percentage or an absolute number of non‐classical monocytes,dendritic cells(DCs),CD4^(+)T cells,and regulatory T cells(Tregs),which may account for the clinical feature and absence of antibody response.This case may shed new light on the outbreak management related to control/prevention,treatment,and vaccination of SARS‐CoV‐2 and other virus infections in immunocompromised individuals.展开更多
文摘Introduction: Covid-19 is a systemic disease that can spread to all systems. Among the gastrointestinal manifestations, pancreatic involvement can have a major prognostic impact. We report 3 acute pancreatitis cases occurring during Covid-19, in Dakar. Case 1: 65-year-old woman who presented with intense atypical epigastric pain. Physical examination revealed obesity, high blood pressure and abdominal tenderness. Biological tests found increase CRP (134 mg/l) and lipasemia (312 UI/l). Abdominal CT scan showed findings of Balthazar grade C acute pancreatitis. RT-PCR for SARS CoV 2 RT-PCR was positive. The outcome was favorable. Case 2: 56-year-old woman patient with history of nephroangiosclerosis who presented with dyspnea, cough, fever and moderate epigastric pain. Physical examination revealed epigastric tenderness, high blood pressure, anuria. Biological testing, noted increase CRP (96 mg/l), lipasemia (793 UI/l), creatinine (227 mg/l) and urea (3.84 g/l). Abdominal CT scan showed acute edematous pancreatitis findings. SARS CoV 2 RT PCR was positive. The outcome was favorable. Case 3: 27-year-old man who presented with physical asthenia, headache, and epigastric pain. Physical examination found epigastric tenderness. Elevated CRP level was of 102 mg/l and lipasemia level was of 427 UI/l (7N). Abdominal CT scan showed acute edematous pancreatitis findings. SARS CoV 2 RT PCR was positive. The outcome was favorable. Conclusion: Acute pancreatitis can occur during Covid-19 infection. However, the imputability to the Covid-19 disease necessitates to rule out the most common causes.
文摘1|INTRODUCTION The first case of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS‐CoV‐2)was reported in Wuhan,China,in December 2019.The virus spread worldwide within a few weeks of its outbreak,resulting in coronavirus disease(COVID‐19)[1,2].In March 2020,the World Health Organization(WHO)declared the COVID‐19 outbreak,a global pandemic.
基金In‑Hospital Fund Project of No.940 Hospital(NO.20yjky020)General Research Fund Project of Huoshenshan Hospital(NO.HSS‑217)Gansu Provincial Science and Technology Department Social Development Department Clinical Medicine Research Center Project(NO.21JR7RA017)。
文摘Novel coronavirus(SARS‑CoV‑2,SARS‑CoV‑2 for short)infection can cause a series of gastrointestinal damage.Related studies have reported that SARS‑CoV‑2 infection can lead to the occurrence and progression of ulcerative colitis,which may be related to the cytokine storm caused by SARS‑CoV‑2 infection.Recently,we have also paid attention to whether infection with SARS‑CoV‑2 will aggravate the condition of UC patients receiving biological immunotherapy and whether vaccination with SARS‑CoV‑2 is safe and effective for these patients.At present,the interaction mechanism between SARS‑CoV‑2,SARS‑CoV‑2 vaccine and ulcerative colitis is not fully understood,and more research is needed to further clarify the relationship.
基金approved by the Ethics Committee of the National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention,Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention,and informed consent was obtained from the participants(No.IVDC 2023‐005).supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFC2604100,ZDYF‐2023YFC3041500)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(92269203).
文摘The effects of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS‐CoV‐2)infection persist months and years after recovery.We conducted an online survey to assess the health condition of convalescents approximately 5 months following the primary infection of SARS‐CoV‐2.The study recruited 5,510 individuals who were primary infected,626 participants who had experienced reinfection,and 521 participants who were without infective history.The most common disorders after the primary infection group were fatigue(15.18%),memory issue(13.13%),post‐exertional malaise(PEM,11.68%),and brain fog(11.29%)at the time of survey.In addition,SARS‐CoV‐2 infection had an impact on the reproductive systems.In stepwise logistic regression analysis,smoking currently,with background diseases,and outpatient visits in the acute phase could be associated with moderate/severe disorders.Further analysis of different background diseases showed that allergic rhinitis,hyperlipidemia,cardiovascular disease,autoimmune diseases,neurological diseases,and asthma likely increased the risk of moderate/severe disorders.The probability of developing disorders of individuals with SARS‐CoV‐2 reinfection was higher before the secondary infection than uninfected people.Fatigue,PEM,muscle pain/spasms,chills,joint pain,excessive sweating at rest,headache/dizziness,sore throat or foreign body sensation in the throat,cough,expectoration,dry/painful/watery eyes,loss of appetite and constipation were associated with an increased risk of reinfection.It was essential to undertake further research with enhanced randomization in a larger sample in the community,and to strengthen the validation of the research conclusions.The findings of this study contribute to a deeper understanding of the health recovery process among coronavirus disease 2019(COVID‐19)convalescents.Moreover,the findings help identify characteristic health risk factors associated with convalescents and highlight the risk of moderate/severe disorders and reinfection.Furthermore,the findings also provide valuable guidance and reference for SARS‐CoV‐2 rehabilitation strategies and the prevention of reinfection,offering insights for scientific recommendations。
基金funded by the Navamindradhiraj Research Fund (grant number 115/2564)to Dr.Uraporn Phumisantiphong.
文摘The real‐time reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction(RT‐PCR)test is the gold standard for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS‐CoV‐2)detection.Proper specimen collection and obtaining a sufficient specimen are the most essential steps for laboratory diagnosis.The nasopharyngeal(NP)swab is recommended as the reference collection method.However,NP swab collection is invasive and uncomfortable for patients and poses some risk to healthcare workers.This study aimed to compare the efficacy of SARS‐CoV‐2 RNA detection from surgical masks with the NP swab method using RT‐PCR testing.Of 269 patients,RT‐PCR RNA from NP swabs was detected among 82 patients(30.5%)and was undetected among 187 patients(69.5%).All patients were tested for SARS‐CoV‐2 RNA from surgical masks.SARS‐CoV‐2 RNA was detected in 25/82(30.5%)surgical mask filters,while undetected among 57(69.5%).For the surgical mask with an average use time of 7.05 h,the sensitivity was 30.5%,the specificity was 100.0%,with positive predictive value of 100.0%and negative predictive value of 76.2%.Therefore,surgical masks could be an alternative non‐invasive specimen source for SARS‐CoV‐2 RT‐PCR testing.The results of our study suggest that the test could be employed after wearing surgical masks for at least 8‐12 h,with increased sensitivity when used for more than 12 h.
文摘The risk factors of severe infections in children during the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS‐CoV‐2)outbreak in Beijing remain elusive.SARS‐CoV‐2‐positive children admitted to the intensive care unit(ICU)with collected plasma specimens were enrolled and screened for common pathogens using capillary electrophoresis‐based multiplex PCR from December 12,2022,to January 24,2023.The SARS‐CoV‐2 subvariants were identified using next‐generation sequencing.Plasma was positive for two(positive;P),one(suspicious;S),or no(negative;N)SARS‐CoV‐2 genes were classified as plasmatic RNA‐positive(RNAemia;P+S)or without RNAemia(N).Clinical and laboratory data of the enrolled cases were then collected and analyzed.The 34 enrolled children included 26 males and 24 younger than three years.All were negative for other respiratory pathogens.BF.7.14(18/29)was the predominant subvariant.Viral loads in respiratory specimens,hours from symptom onset to the first respiratory specimen collection(time‐variable),with comorbidities and BF.7.14 and BA.5.2 distributions were significantly different in P vs.N and RNAemia vs.without RNAemia group.Among most cases,the T lymphocyte ratios decreased,while the cytokine level and the B lymphocyte ratio increased.The time variables were 2.22±2.05 and 4.00±2.49 days in BF.7.14 and BA.5.2 infections,respectively.In conclusion,SARS‐CoV‐2 was more likely to cause severe infections among males aged≤3 years old with comorbidities during the SARS‐CoV‐2 outbreak in Beijing,while RNAemia is more common in children at the early stage of severe BF.7.14 infections,and most had high cytokine levels and B‐cell activation.
文摘Introduction: Morocco has experienced, like the whole world, the COVID-19 pandemic. Until the writing of this article, a subjective observation of the increase in the number of anencephaly has been observed in our facility. And since the teratogenic potential of the SARS Cov 2 virus is not sufficiently documented, we wondered if there would be a relationship between the relatively high number of anencephalic fetuses and COVID-19 infection. Aim: the objective of the study is to look for a possible correlation between the period of conception of these anencephalies and the pandemic. Material and methods: This is a retrospective study (from June 1, 2020 to May 31, 2022 in the Obstetrics Gynecology department, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, CADI AYYAD UNIVERSITY Marrakech Morocco) consisting of the analysis of the number of patients in the target embryonic period (namely the closure of the neural tube: D18 to D30 of embryonic life) compared to the reference curves of the evolution of the SARS Cov2 pandemic. Results: The analysis of the number of patients at the target embryonic phase shows that many of our anencephalons (63%) were conceived during periods of high diffusion of the SARS Cov 2 virus in Morocco. Conclusion: Our study suggests a relationship between the COVID-19 pandemic and the occurrence of anencephaly, we cannot, however, highlight the type of direct or indirect relationship that binds them. Therefore, further studies should be considered to better investigate this relationship.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2021YFC0863300).
文摘Since its first discovery,the Omicron variant of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS‐CoV‐2)has evoked another wave of infection and caused global concern and panic.Moreover,although the data are still limited,Omicron showed highly concerning characteristics,including higher transmissibility,extensive immune escape and potentially altered host range.We interpreted these characteristics based on currently available data and outlined some urgent questions,calling for a more comprehensive investigation.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82161148008 and 81971501)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2021YFC2301400)+1 种基金Beijing Municipal Science and Technology Project(Z211100002521015&Z211100002521017)In addition,W.J.L.is supported by the Excellent Young Scientist Program of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(81822040).
文摘Like antibody evaluation,using an effective antigen‐specific T‐cell immunity assessment method in coronavirus disease 2019(COVID‐19)patients,survivors and vaccinees is crucial for understanding the immune persistence,prognosis assessment,and vaccine development for COVID‐19.This study evaluated an empirically adjusted enzyme‐linked immunospot assay for detecting severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS‐CoV‐2)‐specific T‐cell immunity in 175 peripheral blood samples from COVID‐19 convalescents and healthy individuals.Results of viral nucleic acid were used as the gold standard of infection confirmation.The SARS‐CoV‐2M peptide pool had higher sensitivity of 85%and specificity of 71%for the single peptide pool.For combined peptide pools,the parallel evaluation(at least one of the peptide pools is positive)of total peptide pools(S1&S2&M&N)had higher sensitivity(up to 93%),and the serial evaluation(all peptide pools are positive)of total peptide pools had higher specificity(up to 100%).The result of the serial evaluation was better than that of the parallel evaluation as a whole.The detection efficiency of M and N peptide pool serial evaluation appeared the highest,with a sensitivity of 80%and specificity of 93%.This T‐cell immunity detection assay introduced in this report can achieve high operability and applicability.Therefore,it can be an effective SARS‐CoV‐2‐specific cellular immune function evaluation method.
基金supported by the Capital's Funds for Health Improvement and Research(Project No.2021-1G-3012,2022-2G-30115)the Beijing Science and Technology Planning Project of Beijing Science and Technology Commission(Project No.Z211100002521019).
文摘Omicron(B.1.1.529),the fifth variant of concern(VOC)of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS‐CoV‐2),was firstly identified in November 2021 in South Africa.Omicron contains far more genome mutations than any other VOCs ever found,raising significant concerns about its increased transmissibility and immune evasion.Here,we report the importation of the Omicron variant into Beijing,China,in December 2021.Full‐length genome sequences of five imported strains were obtained,with their genetic features characterized.Each strain contained 57 to 61 nucleotide substitutions,39 deletions,and 9 insertions in the genome.Thirty to thirty‐two amino acid changes were found in the spike proteins of the five strains.The phylogenetic tree constructed by the maximum likelihood method showed that all five imported genomes belonged to Omicron(BA.1)(alias of B.1.1.529.1),which is leading to the current surge of coronavirus disease 2019(COVID‐19)cases worldwide.The globally increased COVID‐19 cases driven by the Omicron variant pose a significant challenge to disease prevention and control in China.Continuous viral genetic surveillance and increased testing among international travellers are required to contain this highly contagious variant.
基金This work was supported by grants 2020‐SKT‐14 and 2021‐YKT‐01 from the Shanghai Institute for Food and Drug ControlLX‐2021‐06 from the Shanghai Drug Administration19DZ2294600 from the Shanghai Science and Technology Committee.
文摘The coronavirus disease 2019(COVID‐19)is still causing a wide range of infections and deaths due to the high variability of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS‐CoV‐2).Therefore,it is necessary to establish a reliable and convenient pseudovirus‐based neutralization assay to develop drug targeted variants of SARS‐CoV‐2.Based on the HIV‐1 backbone,we generated a high titer luciferase(Luc)‐expressing pseudovirus packaging system.Three dominant S mutant substitution pseudovirus were also established and identified compared to wide type in hACE2‐overexpressingHEK‐293T cells(293T‐ACE2 cells).Compared to serine protease inhibitor camostat mesylate,the cysteine protease inhibitor E‐64d could significantly block all SARS‐CoV‐2 mutant S pseudovirus infection in 293T‐ACE2 cells.Furthermore,the neutralization ability of two antibodies targeted receptor‐binding domain(RBD)of SARS‐CoV‐2 spike protein(S)was evaluated,which showeddifferent inhibition dose–effect curves among four types of S pseudovirus.Overall,we developed a pseudovirus‐based neutralization assay for SARS‐CoV‐2,which would be readily adapted to SARS‐CoV‐2 variants for evaluating antibodies.
文摘The novel betacoronavirus(Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2,SARS‐CoV‐2)is a pathogen that causes deadly respiratory disease named coronavirus disease 2019(COVID‐19).The incidence of this disease has increased in the last few months affecting 257,832,881 people in 221 countries and 51,68,069 deaths worldwide according to Worldometer at 04:03 GMT on November 22,2021.Thus,the emergence of this disease creates a challenge for health care providers in handling this pathogen and reducing its risk of transmission.In developing countries,this virus is treated in biosafety level 2 laboratories,where a high concentration of pathogen can easily affect the laboratory staff and cause the spread of this disease.Based on the epidemiology and characteristics of the SARS‐CoV‐2 virus already discussed in recent studies,we will provide biosafety guidelines and suggestions for safe handling and transportation of the SARS‐CoV‐2 virus in dealing with the current pandemic situation with a focus on increased infectivity of emerging new variants.
文摘During severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS‐CoV‐2)infection,activated macrophages,dendritic cells(D.C.),neutrophils,and natural killer(N.K.)cells are the first defense against infection.These immune effectors trap and ingest the virus,kill infected epithelial cells,or produce anti‐viral cytokines.Evidence suggests that aging,obesity,and mental illness can lead to weakened innate immunity and,thus,are all associated with elevated infection and severe disease progression of coronavirus disease 2019(COVID‐19).Innate immune defense networks play a fundamental role in suppressing viral replication,infection establishment,and viral pathogenesis of SARS‐CoV‐2 and other respiratory viruses.
基金supported by grants from the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2021YFC0863400)the Alliance of International Science Organizations(No.ANSO-CR-SP-2020-02)+2 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai(No.20ZR1463900)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.32070933)as well as G4 funding from Institut Pasteur,Fondation Merieux and Chinese Academy of Sciences to G.W.,and the International Affairs Department of the Institut Pasteur of Paris.
文摘Since severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS‐CoV‐2)was first identified during late 2019,the sustained spread of this pathogen within the human population has caused worldwide disruption with staggering infection rates and death tolls.Due to the accumulation of mutations in SARS‐CoV‐2,the virus has evolved into many variants,five of which have been listed as variants of concern VOCs by the World Health Organization(WHO).Multiple animal models of SARS‐CoV‐2 have been developed to evaluate vaccines and drugs and to assess the pathogenicity,transmissibility and antiviral measures of these VOCs.Here,we review the cutting‐edge research based on mouse,hamster,ferret and non‐human primate models for evaluating SARS‐CoV‐2 with a focus on the Omicron variant,and highlight the importance of updating vaccines in a timely manner in order to mitigate the negative effects of SARS‐CoV‐2 infections in the human population.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant number:82041023)the Bill&Melinda Gates Foundation(Grant number:INV‐016826)China Mega‐Projects for Infectious Disease(2018ZX10711001,2017ZX10104001).
文摘Although significant achievements have shown that the coronavirus disease 2019(COVID‐19)resurgence in Beijing,China,was initiated by contaminated frozen products and transported via cold chain transportation,international travelers with asymptomatic symptoms or false‐negative nucleic acid may have another possible transmission mode that spread the virus to Beijing.One of the key differences between these two assumptions was whether the virus actively replicated since,so far,no reports showed viruses could stop evolution in alive hosts.We studied severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS‐CoV‐2)sequences in this outbreak by a modified leaf‐dating method with the Bayes factor.The numbers of single nucleotide variants(SNVs)found in SARS‐CoV‐2 sequences were significantly lower than those called from B.1.1 records collected at the matching time worldwide(P=0.047).In addition,results of the leaf‐dating method showed ages of viruses sampled from this outbreak were earlier than their recorded dates of collection(Bayes factors>10),while control sequences(selected randomly with ten replicates)showed no differences in their collection dates(Bayes factors<10).Our results which indicated that the re‐emergence of SARS‐CoV‐2 in Beijing in June 2020 was caused by a virus that exhibited a lack of evolutionary changes compared to viruses collected at the corresponding time,provided evolutionary evidence to the contaminated imported frozen food should be responsible for the reappearance of COVID‐19 cases in Beijing.The method developed here might also be helpful to provide the very first clues for potential sources of COVID‐19 cases in the future.
基金supported by the NSFC(Nos.61701176 and 62071119)Macao FDCT(No.0065/2020/A2)+4 种基金Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province of China(Nos.2022JJ50052,2018JJ3130 and 2020JJ5145)Hunan Key R&D Projects(No.2021SK2003)Nanjing Important Science&Technology Specific Projects(No.2021-11005)2022 Special Project for the Construction of Innovative Provinces to Fight the COVID-19 Outbreak(No.2022SK2115)Open Funding of State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases(No.SKLOD2022OF05)。
文摘The SARS–CoV–2 virus is released from an infectious source(such as a sick person)and adsorbed on aerosols,which can form pathogenic microorganism aerosols,which can affect human health through airborne transmission.Efficient sampling and accurate detection of microorganisms in aerosols are the premise and basis for studying their properties and evaluating their hazard.In this study,we built a set of sub-micron aerosol detection platform,and carried out a simulation experiment on the SARS–CoV–2 aerosol in the air by wet-wall cyclone combined with immunomagnetic nanoparticle adsorption sampling and ddPCR.The feasibility of the system in aerosol detection was verified,and the influencing factors in the detection process were experimentally tested.As a result,the sampling efficiency was 29.77%,and extraction efficiency was 98.57%.The minimum detection limit per unit volume of aerosols was 250 copies(102copies/m L,concentration factor 2.5).
基金funded by Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province granted to XC(no.H2020206352)Novel Coronavirus Project to GH by Jiangmen Science and Technology Bureau(2020020500410003915)Guangzhou Emergency Response Plan to D.L(EKPG21-27)。
文摘The immune responses and the function of immune cells among asymptomatic severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS‐CoV‐2)infection cases,especially in immuno‐compromised individuals,remain largely unknown.Here we present a case of asymptomatic SARS‐CoV‐2 infection that lasted for at least 67 days.The patient has administrated Thymalfasin as 1.6 mg per dose every other day from Day 45 to 70,plus 200 mg per dose Arbidol antiviral therapy three doses per day from Day 48 to 57.Throughout the infection,no anti‐SARS‐CoV‐2 specific IgM or IgG antibodies were detected.Instead,the patient showed either a low percentage or an absolute number of non‐classical monocytes,dendritic cells(DCs),CD4^(+)T cells,and regulatory T cells(Tregs),which may account for the clinical feature and absence of antibody response.This case may shed new light on the outbreak management related to control/prevention,treatment,and vaccination of SARS‐CoV‐2 and other virus infections in immunocompromised individuals.
