Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)enters host cells via the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2(ACE2)receptor.Mounting evidence has indicated the presence of hepatic SARS-CoV-2 infection and liver...Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)enters host cells via the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2(ACE2)receptor.Mounting evidence has indicated the presence of hepatic SARS-CoV-2 infection and liver injury in pa-tients with coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19).Understanding the mechanisms of hepatic SARS-CoV-2 infection is crucial for addressing COVID-19–related liver pathology and developing targeted therapies.This editorial discusses the signi-ficance of ACE2 in hepatic SARS-CoV-2 infection,drawing on the research by Jacobs et al.Their findings indicate that hepatic ACE2 expression,frequency of hepatic SARS-CoV-2 infection,and severity of liver injury are elevated in patients with pre-existing chronic liver diseases.These data suggest that hepatic ACE2 could be a promising therapeutic target for COVID-19.展开更多
BACKGROUND Due to saliva and salivary glands are reservoir to severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2),aerosols and saliva droplets are primary sources of cross-infection and are responsible for the...BACKGROUND Due to saliva and salivary glands are reservoir to severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2),aerosols and saliva droplets are primary sources of cross-infection and are responsible for the high human–human transmission of SARS-CoV-2.However,there is no evidence about how SARSCoV-2 interacts with oral structures,particularly resin composites.AIM To evaluate the interaction of SARS-CoV-2 proteins with monomers present in resin composites using in silico analysis.METHODS Four SARS-CoV-2 proteins[i.e.main protease,3C-like protease,papain-like protease(PLpro),and glycoprotein spike]were selected along with salivary amylase as the positive control,and their binding affinity with bisphenol-A glycol dimethacrylate,bisphenol-A ethoxylated dimethacrylate,triethylene glycol dimethacrylate,and urethane dimethacrylate was evaluated.Molecular docking was performed using AutoDock Vina and visualised in Chimera UCSF 1.14.The best ligand–protein model was identified based on the binding energy(ΔG–kcal/moL).RESULTS Values for the binding energies ranged from-3.6 kcal/moL to-7.3 kcal/moL.The 3-monomer chain had the lowest binding energy(i.e.highest affinity)to PLpro and the glycoprotein spike.Non-polymerised monomers and polymerised chains interacted with SARS-CoV-2 proteins via hydrogen bonds and hydrophobic interactions.Those findings suggest an interaction between SARS-CoV-2 proteins and resin composites.CONCLUSION SARS-CoV-2 proteins show affinity to non-polymerised and polymerised resin composite chains.展开更多
目的系统评价糖尿病患者在接种SARS-CoV-2疫苗后的体液和细胞免疫反应。方法检索Web of Science、PubMed、中国知网、万方数据知识服务平台、维普中文科技期刊全文数据库和中国生物医学文献数据库,获取国内外于2019年12月1日至2022年5...目的系统评价糖尿病患者在接种SARS-CoV-2疫苗后的体液和细胞免疫反应。方法检索Web of Science、PubMed、中国知网、万方数据知识服务平台、维普中文科技期刊全文数据库和中国生物医学文献数据库,获取国内外于2019年12月1日至2022年5月12日公开发表的有关糖尿病患者接种SARS-CoV-2疫苗后的体液和细胞免疫反应的观察性研究,经由2名研究者独立筛选文献和提取资料后,采用美国国立卫生研究质量评价工具对纳入文献进行偏倚风险评价,使用描述性统计方法进行汇总分析。结果13篇文献共纳入66651例研究对象,其中5874例(7.9%)患有糖尿病。7篇文献报道了接种第1剂疫苗后糖尿病患者和对照组的免疫反应,其中3篇文献表明,接种1剂SARS-CoV-2疫苗后,糖尿病患者血清抗体水平和阳性率低于对照组;11篇涉及接种2剂SARS-CoV-2疫苗后的免疫反应的文献中,2篇报道了糖尿病患者可产生与对照组相似的抗体反应,9篇报道了糖尿病患者的血清抗体水平、阳性率或细胞免疫反应低于对照组。结论接种SARS-CoV-2疫苗后糖尿病患者和对照组体液和细胞免疫反应均有所增加,但糖尿病患者增加幅度普遍低于对照组。展开更多
Coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19),caused by the highly pathogenic severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2),primarily impacts the respiratory tract and can lead to severe outcomes such as acute resp...Coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19),caused by the highly pathogenic severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2),primarily impacts the respiratory tract and can lead to severe outcomes such as acute respiratory distress syndrome,multiple organ failure,and death.Despite extensive studies on the pathogenicity of SARS-CoV-2,its impact on the hepatobiliary system remains unclear.While liver injury is commonly indicated by reduced albumin and elevated bilirubin and transaminase levels,the exact source of this damage is not fully understood.Proposed mechanisms for injury include direct cytotoxicity,collateral damage from inflammation,drug-induced liver injury,and ischemia/hypoxia.However,evidence often relies on blood tests with liver enzyme abnormalities.In this comprehensive review,we focused solely on the different histopathological manifestations of liver injury in COVID-19 patients,drawing from liver biopsies,complete autopsies,and in vitro liver analyses.We present evidence of the direct impact of SARS-CoV-2 on the liver,substantiated by in vitro observations of viral entry mechanisms and the actual presence of viral particles in liver samples resulting in a variety of cellular changes,including mitochondrial swelling,endoplasmic reticulum dilatation,and hepatocyte apoptosis.Additional ly,we describe the diverse liver pathology observed during COVID-19 infection,encompassing necrosis,steatosis,cholestasis,and lobular inflammation.We also discuss the emergence of long-term complications,notably COVID-19-related secondary sclerosing cholangitis.Recognizing the histopathological liver changes occurring during COVID-19 infection is pivotal for improving patient recovery and guiding decision-making.展开更多
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.82172915,No.81972648,and No.81773011Chongqing Medical University Program for Youth Innovation in Future Medicine,No.W0084+1 种基金Science and Technology Innovation Project of Chongqing Medical Universityand Chongqing Postdoctoral Science Foundation,No.CSTB2023NSCQ-BHX0134.
文摘Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)enters host cells via the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2(ACE2)receptor.Mounting evidence has indicated the presence of hepatic SARS-CoV-2 infection and liver injury in pa-tients with coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19).Understanding the mechanisms of hepatic SARS-CoV-2 infection is crucial for addressing COVID-19–related liver pathology and developing targeted therapies.This editorial discusses the signi-ficance of ACE2 in hepatic SARS-CoV-2 infection,drawing on the research by Jacobs et al.Their findings indicate that hepatic ACE2 expression,frequency of hepatic SARS-CoV-2 infection,and severity of liver injury are elevated in patients with pre-existing chronic liver diseases.These data suggest that hepatic ACE2 could be a promising therapeutic target for COVID-19.
文摘BACKGROUND Due to saliva and salivary glands are reservoir to severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2),aerosols and saliva droplets are primary sources of cross-infection and are responsible for the high human–human transmission of SARS-CoV-2.However,there is no evidence about how SARSCoV-2 interacts with oral structures,particularly resin composites.AIM To evaluate the interaction of SARS-CoV-2 proteins with monomers present in resin composites using in silico analysis.METHODS Four SARS-CoV-2 proteins[i.e.main protease,3C-like protease,papain-like protease(PLpro),and glycoprotein spike]were selected along with salivary amylase as the positive control,and their binding affinity with bisphenol-A glycol dimethacrylate,bisphenol-A ethoxylated dimethacrylate,triethylene glycol dimethacrylate,and urethane dimethacrylate was evaluated.Molecular docking was performed using AutoDock Vina and visualised in Chimera UCSF 1.14.The best ligand–protein model was identified based on the binding energy(ΔG–kcal/moL).RESULTS Values for the binding energies ranged from-3.6 kcal/moL to-7.3 kcal/moL.The 3-monomer chain had the lowest binding energy(i.e.highest affinity)to PLpro and the glycoprotein spike.Non-polymerised monomers and polymerised chains interacted with SARS-CoV-2 proteins via hydrogen bonds and hydrophobic interactions.Those findings suggest an interaction between SARS-CoV-2 proteins and resin composites.CONCLUSION SARS-CoV-2 proteins show affinity to non-polymerised and polymerised resin composite chains.
文摘目的系统评价糖尿病患者在接种SARS-CoV-2疫苗后的体液和细胞免疫反应。方法检索Web of Science、PubMed、中国知网、万方数据知识服务平台、维普中文科技期刊全文数据库和中国生物医学文献数据库,获取国内外于2019年12月1日至2022年5月12日公开发表的有关糖尿病患者接种SARS-CoV-2疫苗后的体液和细胞免疫反应的观察性研究,经由2名研究者独立筛选文献和提取资料后,采用美国国立卫生研究质量评价工具对纳入文献进行偏倚风险评价,使用描述性统计方法进行汇总分析。结果13篇文献共纳入66651例研究对象,其中5874例(7.9%)患有糖尿病。7篇文献报道了接种第1剂疫苗后糖尿病患者和对照组的免疫反应,其中3篇文献表明,接种1剂SARS-CoV-2疫苗后,糖尿病患者血清抗体水平和阳性率低于对照组;11篇涉及接种2剂SARS-CoV-2疫苗后的免疫反应的文献中,2篇报道了糖尿病患者可产生与对照组相似的抗体反应,9篇报道了糖尿病患者的血清抗体水平、阳性率或细胞免疫反应低于对照组。结论接种SARS-CoV-2疫苗后糖尿病患者和对照组体液和细胞免疫反应均有所增加,但糖尿病患者增加幅度普遍低于对照组。
文摘Coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19),caused by the highly pathogenic severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2),primarily impacts the respiratory tract and can lead to severe outcomes such as acute respiratory distress syndrome,multiple organ failure,and death.Despite extensive studies on the pathogenicity of SARS-CoV-2,its impact on the hepatobiliary system remains unclear.While liver injury is commonly indicated by reduced albumin and elevated bilirubin and transaminase levels,the exact source of this damage is not fully understood.Proposed mechanisms for injury include direct cytotoxicity,collateral damage from inflammation,drug-induced liver injury,and ischemia/hypoxia.However,evidence often relies on blood tests with liver enzyme abnormalities.In this comprehensive review,we focused solely on the different histopathological manifestations of liver injury in COVID-19 patients,drawing from liver biopsies,complete autopsies,and in vitro liver analyses.We present evidence of the direct impact of SARS-CoV-2 on the liver,substantiated by in vitro observations of viral entry mechanisms and the actual presence of viral particles in liver samples resulting in a variety of cellular changes,including mitochondrial swelling,endoplasmic reticulum dilatation,and hepatocyte apoptosis.Additional ly,we describe the diverse liver pathology observed during COVID-19 infection,encompassing necrosis,steatosis,cholestasis,and lobular inflammation.We also discuss the emergence of long-term complications,notably COVID-19-related secondary sclerosing cholangitis.Recognizing the histopathological liver changes occurring during COVID-19 infection is pivotal for improving patient recovery and guiding decision-making.
