分析了某公司的2#乙二醇R-120环氧乙烷反应器中C-11环焊缝开裂原因。对开裂C-11环焊缝开展了化学成分、金相观察、硬度测试、断口微观观察、EDS能谱分析等试验研究。试验发现:壳程、管板母材和焊缝金属化学成分分别满足SA543 Type B CL....分析了某公司的2#乙二醇R-120环氧乙烷反应器中C-11环焊缝开裂原因。对开裂C-11环焊缝开展了化学成分、金相观察、硬度测试、断口微观观察、EDS能谱分析等试验研究。试验发现:壳程、管板母材和焊缝金属化学成分分别满足SA543 Type B CL.1,SA508 Gr.4N CL.1和MGS 80的要求;从内壁管板侧热影响区起裂的主裂纹穿晶扩展,裂纹尖端沿晶扩展并有分叉,具有应力腐蚀裂纹特征;内壁附近焊缝两侧热影响区局部有马氏体组织;管板侧热影响区硬度最高为466.3 HV10;断口观察发现裂纹在内壁产生,是多源裂纹,沿壁厚向外壁扩展15 mm,断口上有冰糖状等轴晶和柱状晶;裂纹断口探测到P和Na元素。该反应器开裂原因是由于焊接导致在管板与壳程焊接区域存在较高的残余应力,在高温锅炉水介质中,发生了应力腐蚀开裂,由内壁向外扩展,最终导致泄漏。展开更多
A hot compression experiment （1073 1473 K, strain rates of 0. 001-10 s -1 ） of SAS08GR. 4N low alloy steel was performed using a Gleeble-3800 thermal-mechanical simulator, and the hot deformation behavior of the ste...A hot compression experiment （1073 1473 K, strain rates of 0. 001-10 s -1 ） of SAS08GR. 4N low alloy steel was performed using a Gleeble-3800 thermal-mechanical simulator, and the hot deformation behavior of the steel was investigated by analyzing both the true stress true strain curves and its microstructures. The thermal de formation equation and hot deformation activation energy （Q） of SA508GR. 4N steel were obtained by regression with a classic hyperbolic sine function. The hot processing map of SAS08GR. 4N steel was also established. An empirical equation for the stress peak was described for practical applications. The SA508GR. 4N steel showed a critical Zener-Hollomon parameter （lnZc） for dynamic recrystallization （DRX） of 37.44, below which full DRX may occur. The sensitivity of the SA508GR. 4N steel increased linearly with test temperature, such that higher temperatures led to enhanced workability.展开更多
Using a Gleeble-1500D thermal-mechanical simulator,the hot-deformation behavior and critical strain in the dynamic recrystallization of SA508Gr.4N steel were investigated by compression tests from 1050 to 1250℃ with ...Using a Gleeble-1500D thermal-mechanical simulator,the hot-deformation behavior and critical strain in the dynamic recrystallization of SA508Gr.4N steel were investigated by compression tests from 1050 to 1250℃ with strain rates from 0.001 to 0.1 s^-1.Stress-strain curves were fitted by a nonlinear fitting method.Based on these tests,the flow stress constitutive equations of the work-hardening dynamical recovery period and dynamical recrystallization period Were established for SA508Gr.4N steel.The stress-strain curves of SA508Gr.4N steel predicted by the established models are in a good agreement with the experimental ones.Curves of ln θ -ε and --(a)(lnθ)/(a)ε-ε (where θ is the work-hardening rate and ε is true strain)were plotted from experimental data.A critical strain (εc)and a peak strain (εp)of dynamic recrystallization were obtained and exhibited a linear relationship,i.e.,εc =0.386εp.The predicted model of εc could be described by the equation of εc=1.604×10^-3Z^0.127.展开更多
The effect of manganese(Mn)on the microstructure,tensile and impact properties of SA508Gr.4N steel has been experimentally investigated.The influence of Mn content on the substructure of SA508Gr.4N steel was investiga...The effect of manganese(Mn)on the microstructure,tensile and impact properties of SA508Gr.4N steel has been experimentally investigated.The influence of Mn content on the substructure of SA508Gr.4N steel was investigated using the scanning electron microscope,electron back-scattered diffractometer and transmission electron microscope.It was found that the increased Mn content had a beneficial effect on both strength and toughness.Examination of microstructure revealed smaller size of block and larger number of high-angle grain boundaries with higher Mn content.The change of the ultimate tensile strength and toughness with increasing Mn content was attributed to the increased hardenability,the number of high-angle grain boundaries and the crack propagation path by the block refining.展开更多
The metadynamic recrystallization(MDRX)model is established,and the coefficients determined by multiple linear regression analysis are used to describe the microstructure evolution of SA508Gr.4N steel.The effects of c...The metadynamic recrystallization(MDRX)model is established,and the coefficients determined by multiple linear regression analysis are used to describe the microstructure evolution of SA508Gr.4N steel.The effects of compression temperature of 950–1150℃,strain rate of 0.001–0.1 s^(-1),pre-strain of 0.3–0.6,initial austenite grain size(IAGS)of 136–552 lm,and interval time of 1–300 s on the MDRX kinetics and microstructure evolution were analyzed,using twopass compression test method on Gleeble thermo-mechanical simulator.The results show that MDRX kinetics and austenite grain size are strongly dependent on compression temperature and strain rate,MDRX volume fraction increases with increasing compression temperature and strain rate,and the grain size decreases with increasing strain rate and decreasing compression temperature,while less affected by the pre-strain and IAGS.Meanwhile,the values predicted using MDRX model and the ones calculated from experiment are compared,and the results show that the proposed model can give a reasonable estimate of MDRX behavior for SA508Gr.4N steel.展开更多
文摘分析了某公司的2#乙二醇R-120环氧乙烷反应器中C-11环焊缝开裂原因。对开裂C-11环焊缝开展了化学成分、金相观察、硬度测试、断口微观观察、EDS能谱分析等试验研究。试验发现:壳程、管板母材和焊缝金属化学成分分别满足SA543 Type B CL.1,SA508 Gr.4N CL.1和MGS 80的要求;从内壁管板侧热影响区起裂的主裂纹穿晶扩展,裂纹尖端沿晶扩展并有分叉,具有应力腐蚀裂纹特征;内壁附近焊缝两侧热影响区局部有马氏体组织;管板侧热影响区硬度最高为466.3 HV10;断口观察发现裂纹在内壁产生,是多源裂纹,沿壁厚向外壁扩展15 mm,断口上有冰糖状等轴晶和柱状晶;裂纹断口探测到P和Na元素。该反应器开裂原因是由于焊接导致在管板与壳程焊接区域存在较高的残余应力,在高温锅炉水介质中,发生了应力腐蚀开裂,由内壁向外扩展,最终导致泄漏。
基金Item Sponsored by National Energy Application Technology Research and Engineering Demonstrative Project of China(NY201501)
文摘A hot compression experiment （1073 1473 K, strain rates of 0. 001-10 s -1 ） of SAS08GR. 4N low alloy steel was performed using a Gleeble-3800 thermal-mechanical simulator, and the hot deformation behavior of the steel was investigated by analyzing both the true stress true strain curves and its microstructures. The thermal de formation equation and hot deformation activation energy （Q） of SA508GR. 4N steel were obtained by regression with a classic hyperbolic sine function. The hot processing map of SAS08GR. 4N steel was also established. An empirical equation for the stress peak was described for practical applications. The SA508GR. 4N steel showed a critical Zener-Hollomon parameter （lnZc） for dynamic recrystallization （DRX） of 37.44, below which full DRX may occur. The sensitivity of the SA508GR. 4N steel increased linearly with test temperature, such that higher temperatures led to enhanced workability.
文摘Using a Gleeble-1500D thermal-mechanical simulator,the hot-deformation behavior and critical strain in the dynamic recrystallization of SA508Gr.4N steel were investigated by compression tests from 1050 to 1250℃ with strain rates from 0.001 to 0.1 s^-1.Stress-strain curves were fitted by a nonlinear fitting method.Based on these tests,the flow stress constitutive equations of the work-hardening dynamical recovery period and dynamical recrystallization period Were established for SA508Gr.4N steel.The stress-strain curves of SA508Gr.4N steel predicted by the established models are in a good agreement with the experimental ones.Curves of ln θ -ε and --(a)(lnθ)/(a)ε-ε (where θ is the work-hardening rate and ε is true strain)were plotted from experimental data.A critical strain (εc)and a peak strain (εp)of dynamic recrystallization were obtained and exhibited a linear relationship,i.e.,εc =0.386εp.The predicted model of εc could be described by the equation of εc=1.604×10^-3Z^0.127.
基金This work was supported financially by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2016YFB0300203).
文摘The effect of manganese(Mn)on the microstructure,tensile and impact properties of SA508Gr.4N steel has been experimentally investigated.The influence of Mn content on the substructure of SA508Gr.4N steel was investigated using the scanning electron microscope,electron back-scattered diffractometer and transmission electron microscope.It was found that the increased Mn content had a beneficial effect on both strength and toughness.Examination of microstructure revealed smaller size of block and larger number of high-angle grain boundaries with higher Mn content.The change of the ultimate tensile strength and toughness with increasing Mn content was attributed to the increased hardenability,the number of high-angle grain boundaries and the crack propagation path by the block refining.
基金This work was financially supported by the National Energy Application Technology Research and Engineering Demonstrative Project of China(NY201501)the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China(863 Program,No.2012AA03A501)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2016YFB0300203).
文摘The metadynamic recrystallization(MDRX)model is established,and the coefficients determined by multiple linear regression analysis are used to describe the microstructure evolution of SA508Gr.4N steel.The effects of compression temperature of 950–1150℃,strain rate of 0.001–0.1 s^(-1),pre-strain of 0.3–0.6,initial austenite grain size(IAGS)of 136–552 lm,and interval time of 1–300 s on the MDRX kinetics and microstructure evolution were analyzed,using twopass compression test method on Gleeble thermo-mechanical simulator.The results show that MDRX kinetics and austenite grain size are strongly dependent on compression temperature and strain rate,MDRX volume fraction increases with increasing compression temperature and strain rate,and the grain size decreases with increasing strain rate and decreasing compression temperature,while less affected by the pre-strain and IAGS.Meanwhile,the values predicted using MDRX model and the ones calculated from experiment are compared,and the results show that the proposed model can give a reasonable estimate of MDRX behavior for SA508Gr.4N steel.
