SAUNA系统惰性气体氙监测数据的统计规律研究

在对CTBT放射性核素台站SAUNA系统有效监测数据进行分析的基础上,利用统计学方法对分析结果进行了初步研究,结果表明:4种惰性气体氙同位素133Xe1、31mXe1、33mXe和135Xe的最小可探测浓度和活度浓度均呈高斯分布,且133Xe活度浓度的高斯分布存在不同程度的右拖尾并呈指数衰减。

Sauna Technique, Drying Kinetic Modeling and Effectiveness on Solar Drying Compared with Direct Drying in Drying Process of <i>Kappaphycus striatum</i>in Selakan Island Malaysia

A sauna drying technique—the solar drier was designed and imposed, constructed and tested for drying of seaweed. The seaweed moisture content was decreased around 50% in 2-day sauna. Kinetic curves of drying of seaweed were known to be used in this system. The non-linear regression procedure was used to fit three different drying models. The models were compared with experimental data of red seaweed being dried on the daily average of air temperature about 40℃. The fit quality of the models was evaluated using the coefficient of determination (R2), Mean Bias Error (MBE) and Root Mean Square Error (RMSE). The highest values of R2 (0.99027), the lowest MBE (0.00044) and RMSE (0.03039) indicated that the Page model was the best mathematical model to describe the drying behavior of sauna dried seaweed. The percentage of the saved time using this technique was calculated at 57.9% on the average solar radiation of about 500 W/m2 and air flow rate of 0.056 kg/s.

Effects of dry and mist saunas on circulatory and thermoregulatory functions in humans

To test the hypothesis that mist sauna is a safer way of bathing than dry sauna, we compared changes in circulatory and thermoregulatory functions during 10 min sauna bathing in mist sauna at 40℃ with relative humidity of 100%, and in dry sauna by infrared ray at 70℃ with relative humidity of 15%. Subjects were seven healthy young men aged 29 ± 6 yrs (mean ± SD). We measured blood pressure, heart rate, skin temperatures at chest, forearm, thigh, and leg, tympanic temperature (Tty) by thermistors, skin blood flow at forearm by laser Doppler flowmetry, and sweat rate by ventilated capsule method at 1 min intervals throughout the experiment. Total sweating and change of hematocrit were also measured for dehydration analysis. Blood pressure was elevated more and changes in heart rate and total sweating were larger in dry sauna than mist. A significant hematocrit increase was observed in dry sauna bathing only. Mean skin temperature and Tty in dry sauna were elevated higher than those in mist. Heat stress of the dry sauna may be stronger than that of the mist, leading to dehydration and hypovolemia by sweating. Percent plasma volume loss was significantly larger in the dry than mist sauna. Changes in skin blood flow and sweat rate/Tty during mist sauna were significantly larger than those during dry sauna bathing despite heat stress of the mist sauna. The mist sauna bathing may thus be safer physiologically, and provide more effective vascular dilatation and sweating than the dry sauna bathing.

Effects of Mild Hyperthermia Treatment Using Nano-Mist Sauna on Blood Gas Parameters and Skin Appearance

Physicians often observe patients’ complexion (their natural skin color) as an indicator of health. The complexion may depend on the internal environment, however, very few researchers studied its evidence. We previously reported various benefits of a mild hyperthermia treatment on human health using the nano-mist sauna (NMS), including acceleration of gas exchange (O2 and CO2) in the venous blood, enhancement of immunity, and the modulation of autonomic nervous system. However, the effects of NMS on skin appearance are unknown. There is a historical and widespread belief that mild hyperthermic treatments such as hot springs are good for improving skin appearance. However, the effect of NMS on the skin appearance has not been examined. In the present study, we examined the color of venous blood using the CIELAB (a color space specified by the French Commission internationale de l’éclairage) method, and then compared the color changes before and after NMS stimulation. Next, we examined correlations of blood gas parameters with color elements of the venous blood, which are highly dependent on oxygen. Our results suggest that the colors and appearance of the face depend on the internal environment, because there are numerous vessels under the skin. Thus, the color of the venous blood may provide medical evidence of changes in complexion. This new method may be useful for assessment of medical complexion by physicians, for use in determining internal health based on skin color information.

Sustainability Assessment of Alternatives for Heat Generation and Transfer in Saunas

In the search for renewable energy sources, solar energy appears, among others, as a powerful alternative;mainly for those countries located at Earth’s equatorial region. This is the case of a Fresnel device that uses solar radiation to warm-up the air;for instance, within saunas. Authors coined the term sustainable technological innovation to refer to a technological innovation in accordance to the principles of sustainability. The object of this research was comparing the sustainability of a Fresnel Lens Solar Concentration (FLSC) against the sustainability of other twelve alternatives to generate heat. This article assesses the sustainability of fourteen technological options for heat generation and transfer to saunas in the northwest region of Mexico where temperatures often reach above 45 C and where there is a greater potential for exploiting solar energy. Emergy accounting, economic analysis, and global warming potential are the three indicators considered in quantifying sustainability. Results show that infrared ceramic photovoltaic, infrared carbon photovoltaic and infrared metal photovoltaic are the most sustainable systems. The Fresnel device reached the fourth and tenth position, using electricity from photovoltaic and from grid respectively, among all fourteen assessed devices, respectively. Although Fresnel equipment does not release any global warming gases into the atmosphere, or even it demands low amount of non-renewable resources, 1.40 and 4.47 E17 seJF/yr. it requires high economic investment, 20,800 and 79,600 USD/yr, for the implementation and operation phases, which decrease its sustainability performance compared to twelve other evaluated devices.

Spatial-temporal Differentiation of Sauna Days with Different Intensities in China from 1961 to 2017

Sauna weather with high temperature, high humidity and long standby time has become one of the main meteorological hazards faced by urban residents. Based on the daily maximum temperature and relative humidity datasets of 545 meteorological observation stations in China from 1961 to 2017, the spatial-temporal evolution characteristics of sauna days with different intensities in China were studied from three aspects: climatic state, trend and fluctuation characteristics, using the standard of sauna days defined by the Central Meteorological Observatory of China Meteorological Administration. The results showed that: firstly, the spatial pattern of sauna days with different intensities in China was high in southeast China and low in northwest China from 1961 to 2017, and the spatial pattern of sauna days with the same intensity in different research periods had little difference, which was in good agreement with the spatial pattern of sauna days with corresponding intensities in the whole research period. With the increase of intensity, the sauna days in China decreases gradually. Secondly, the trend of sauna days with different intensities in China was bounded by Hu Huanyong Line from 1961 to 2017, showing a pattern of increasing or decreasing mosaic in the southeast China and mainly decreasing trend, while the spatial differentiation pattern in the northwest China changed little. The trend of sauna days with different intensities in China increased significantly in 1991-2017 compared with 1961-1990. Thirdly, the fluctuation of sauna days with different intensities in China was bounded by Hu Huanyong Line, showing a spatial pattern of large fluctuations in the southeast China and small fluctuations in the northwest China. And the fluctuation of sauna days and heavy sauna days showed obvious threeblock distribution characteristics. The fluctuation characteristics of sauna days with different intensities in China from 1961 to 1990 and 1991 to 2017 were in good agreement with the whole research period. The fluctuation difference before and after 1990 mainly concentrated in the vicinity of Hu Huanyong Line and its southeast area, and the fluctuation differences increased mainly, indicating that the variation of sauna days with different intensities in the southeast China increased from 1991 to 2017.

Sauna Physiotherapeutic Cosmetological Apparatus

The Shibao Brand Sauna Physiotherapeutic Cosmetological Apparatus is designed and produced with a high magnetic material on the basis of the sauna theory. It uses the vapour produced by the strong magnetic field which is immediately transformed into a magnetized vapour. Through this steam bath, the trichopore of the body is

Cut Down on the Sauna Habit

选注者言:桑拿浴(即蒸汽浴),其英语表达sauna的音译。国人现在对此已经不陌生了。今年冬季欧洲遇到了罕见的寒流袭击,气温骤降,喜欢桑拿浴的芬兰人因电价飞涨,而遇上了麻烦。本文写得文采斐然,3个仅注“本义”的单词,就足以玩味一番。

吸烟、饮酒和桑拿对精子形态的影响

目的:探讨吸烟、饮酒和桑拿对精子形态的影响。方法:602例男性不育患者从病例数据库中选取,分为有吸烟史(243例)、经常饮酒(224例)和有桑拿史(135例)3组,无上述嗜好的对应3组男性不育患者(271、289、369例)为对照。采用精子形态检测系统下人工修正方法进行精子形态分析。患者自愿填写问卷,对吸烟、饮酒、桑拿等患者资料分析。结果:饮酒、吸烟和桑拿组正常形态精子百分率均明显低于其相应对照组(P<0.001,P<0.05),且各组无定形头精子百分率均高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:吸烟、饮酒和桑拿影响精子形态,特别是使无定形头精子数目增多。

水汽螺旋度和热力螺旋度在华北强“桑拿天”过程中的分析及应用

"桑拿天"是发生在夏季高温、高湿环境之下的重要天气现象.而过去单靠温度这一变量来诊断预报"桑拿天",有较大难度.而且从已有的研究中,"桑拿天"多发生在下沉运动或相对稳定的环流背景下.因此,寻找一个简单有效、且使用方便的物理变量来揭示"桑拿天"高湿、高湿的综合特征,显得特别重要.本文在前人研究的基础上,将以往暴雨研究中的IM(Ingredients-based Methodology)理论方法拓展至"桑拿天"的研究,将过去表征桑拿天高温、高湿、下沉运动环流特点的这些单个物理量综合进IM方法,尝试性地引入热力螺旋度(TH)、水汽螺旋度(MH)、以及湿热力螺旋度(MTH)等,对发生在2002年7月30日—8月4日和2009年7月7—9日的两次华北地区高温高湿的强"桑拿天"过程进行动力识别和诊断,并与广义湿位涡(GMPV)进行对比分析.分析结果表明,MH的异常大值区相对集中在北京及其周边的华北地区的对流层低层,并维持.而TH的异常大值区涵盖的范围远大于我们要研究的华北地区"桑拿天"的爆发范围.即使结合了温、湿效应的MTH和GMPV的异常大值区,其涵盖的范围亦逊于MH对"桑拿天"的动力识别.可见,在夏季普遍高温的大环境下,湿度是华北闷热的"桑拿天"爆发的一个决定性因素.结合了环流特征与湿度效应的MH,是对"桑拿天"进行动力识别的一个优化因子,具有较大的实际应用价值.

不同温度脱水速降体重对机体部分生化指标的影响

目的:研究不同温度、时间桑拿浴速降体重对机体部分生化指标的影响。方法:实验对象为健康成年男性8人。受试者采用桑拿浴进行速降体重,实验按照温度条件60℃、70℃、80℃及各温度桑拿时间10min、15min进行分组,共分为6组,分别为60℃10min组、60℃15min组、70℃10min组、70℃15min组、80℃10min组、80℃15min组。桑拿实验采用间歇式桑拿浴法,每次桑拿10min或15min,间歇5min,5次桑拿为一组。每组实验前、后抽取受试者浅表静脉血进行生化指标测试,实验前测试结果作为对照组,实验后测试结果为实验组。结果:60℃15min组、80℃10min组两组实验后免疫球蛋白A显著升高(P<0.05);实验前、后红细胞数量、血红蛋白、红细胞压积差别均无显著意义(P>0.05);60℃15min组、80℃15min组实验后血尿素水平非常显著下降(P<0.01),70℃10min组、70℃15min组显著下降(P<0.05);6种方法的桑拿浴实验后的血乳酸均非常显著下降(P<0.01);60℃15min组、70℃15min组、80℃10min组、80℃15min组实验后血清肌酸激酶浓度非常显著升高(P<0.01),70℃10min组显著升高(P<0.05);70℃15min组实验后血睾酮水平非常显著升高(P<0.01),80℃10min组显著升高(P<0.05)。结论:受试者的免疫系统、氧转运系统、内分泌系统未受到不利影响;桑拿浴可以显著减少血液中能量物质的代谢产物;桑拿浴将导致血清肌酸激酶的升高,6种桑拿浴方法中60℃10min组与70℃10min组对骨骼肌系统的影响较小。

桑拿脱水和低氧刺激后运动对白细胞热休克蛋白70表达及有氧能力的影响

目的:通过观察桑拿高温脱水和低氧恢复期运动时的白细胞热休克蛋白70(HSP70)、最大吸氧量(VO2max)、血乳酸(BLa)的变化,并与常温条件下相同运动负荷时相比较,探讨桑拿高温脱水和低氧刺激后恢复期运动对热休克蛋白表达和有氧能力的影响。方法:10名身体健康的体育系男性大学生,在三种不同环境下进行递增负荷运动:(1)桑拿前(常温条件,25℃,相对湿度65%);(2)桑拿后(进行桑拿浴之后,常温条件,25℃,相对湿度65%);(3)低氧后(低氧实施期之后,常温条件,25℃,相对湿度65%),分别测试递增负荷运动前安静时、运动后即刻、运动后3小时受试者白细胞HSP70表达、血液SOD活性和MDA含量及VO2max、血乳酸(BLa)和HR等生理机能指标。结果:(1)桑拿前安静时的HSP70(13701.87±5367.17)水平明显高于桑拿后(7517.57±1980.01,P<0.05)和低氧后(2850.79±2233.81,P<0.05);(2)桑拿后和低氧后运动后恢复期除MDA外,HSP70水平、SOD浓度低于桑拿前。(3)桑拿后和低氧后的VO2max及运动时间都较桑拿前略有增加。同时HRmax和BLa浓度有所下降,但无显著性差异(P>0.05)。以上结果表明,运动负荷可增加热休克蛋白70表达量,在桑拿后恢复期有可能具有“应激保护”作用。桑拿和低氧刺激后运动负荷的刺激,增加有氧能力,可能与热休克蛋白合成变化有关。

桑拿按摩女性从业人员梅毒感染情况及相关危险因素分析

目的了解桑拿按摩女性从业人员梅毒感染情况及影响感染的危险因素,为制定预防控制对策和措施提供科学依据。方法对305名从事桑拿按摩的女性进行面对面的匿名健康问卷调查及血标本检测梅毒。结果305名被调查人员中平均年龄(24.27±4.73)岁;未婚占56.7%;文化程度主要为初中,占68.2%;89.2%的调查者听说过梅毒,其获得途径主要为电视,占48.9%;初次性交年龄集中在18岁、19岁和20岁,占总体53.7%;近1个月与非固定性伴安全套使用情况为47.5%;52.13%承认有卖淫行为;54.1%曾有性病症状;14.1%的人缺乏正确的求医行为。梅毒阳性率为2.30%。结论桑拿按摩女性从业人员文化程度低,普遍存在高危性行为,严重缺乏自我保护意识,其梅毒感染率高,必须采取有效的干预措施。

上海市某桑拿浴场服务小姐STD及其相关行为调查分析

目的了解上海市中高档桑拿浴场服务小姐性传播疾病／艾滋病（STD／AIDS）的感染情况、相关行为和影响因素。方法对选择的浴场中在2003年4月～2004年10月工作的所有服务小姐117人，进行流行病学调查和实验室检查。结果根据问卷调查，该人群中每次或经常使用安全套者63人（53．8％），偶尔或从不使用者54人（46．2％）；每次或经常使用安全套率〉25岁组（42．2％）低于〈25岁组（67．9％）（χ^2=7．73，P=0．004）。性交后每次或经常冲洗阴道者有93人（79．5％），仅2人（1．7％）不冲洗阴道。疾病总检出率31．6％，其中细菌性阴道炎阳性率最高达17．1％。用Logistic回归进行多因素分析，文化程度、阴道冲洗与细菌性阴道炎有统计学意义（OR=9．22，P=0．001和OR=26．22，P=0．008）。结论该人群与性伴之间的不正确保护或无保护的性行为，极易成为STD的蚤害者和传播者．应采取措旒提高她们的认识．提供医疗服务．减少STD／AIDS的发牛。

深圳市区桑拿浴服务人员T淋巴细胞免疫表型

目的 了解HIV/AIDS高危人群特异性免疫状况 ,为干预对策提供信息。方法 整群抽取桑拿浴服务人员外周血196例 ,采用流式细胞术观察T淋巴细胞免疫表型。结果 WBC总数 <5 0× 10 9/L和LYM <1 2× 10 9/L分别为2 0 85 %和 18 40 %。LYM1 2～ 1 5× 10 9/L的CD+3 和CD+4 为 10 72个 / μl和 35 3个 / μl,极显著高于LYM <1 2× 10 9/L的690个 / μl和 2 44个 / μl(P均 <0 0 1)。但CD+3 ,CD+4 /CD+8为63% ,32 7%和 1 34 ,显著低于后者 (68 2 % ,35 1%和 1 48,P<0 0 5和P均 <0 0 1)。结论 本市服务行业人员免疫功能不健全 ,CD+4 普遍低下的现象应受关注。LYM <1 2× 10 9/L的CD+3 % ,CD+4 %和CD+4 /CD+8反而高于LYM≥ 1 2× 10

桑拿浴后渐增负荷运动对有氧能力的影响

观察10名身体健康的体育系男子大学生在桑拿高温脱水恢复期,运动时的最大吸氧量(VO2max)、血乳酸浓度(HLa)、通气阈值(VT)的变化,并与常温条件相同运动负荷时相比较,探讨桑拿高温脱水恢复期时的运动对有氧能力的影响。其结果发现在桑拿浴后,恢复期常温条件运动时,VO2max、VT及运动时间都比常温条件增加,同时HR和HLa浓度有所下降,表明桑拿后恢复期可能具有"应激保护"作用。

冷热环境变化对人体生理机能的影响

对7名男游泳运动员和7名非游泳运动员在桑拿浴和冷水浴时生理和内分泌参数指标进行了测试。实验结果显示:两组人员的生理和荷尔蒙反应都很明显;非游泳运动员浸冷水5min和10min时,心率有明显提高;两组人员的血浆淋巴管紧缩素的高血压蛋白酶在桑拿后有明显提高,而冷水浴后却下降。非游泳运动员在桑拿、冷水浴后,自然免疫细胞比例下降比较明显。两组人员实验后心率、体温和血压都升高,但游泳运动员对冷热环境的适应能力远高于非游泳运动员。

不同温度脱水速降体重效果及力量素质、反应时、电解质代谢的影响

目的:研究不同温度、时间桑拿浴速降体重的效果及对机体的影响。方法:实验对象:健康成年男性8人。受试者采用桑拿浴进行速降体重,实验按照温度条件60℃、70℃、80℃及各温度桑拿时间10min、15min进行分组,共分为6组,分别为60℃10min组、60℃15min组、70℃10min组、70℃15min组、80℃10min组、80℃15min组。桑拿实验采用间歇式桑拿浴法,每次桑拿10min或15min,间歇5min,5次桑拿为一组。每组实验前、后测量受试者体重、力量指标、反应时、血液及尿液电解质,实验前测试结果作为对照组,实验后测试结果为实验组。结果:1)各组实验后体重均非常显著下降(P<0.01),脱水百分数范围为1%～3%,受试者在70℃15min组与80℃15min组中,脱水百分数较大;2)受试者在60℃,15min组实验后立定跳远成绩显著升高(P<0.05);70℃,10min组实验后坐姿蹬腿显著上升(P<0.05);70℃,15min组、80℃,15min组实验后立定跳远成绩显著升高(P<0.05);80℃,10min组实验后反应时显著下降(P<0.05),坐姿蹬腿显著上升(P<0.05);3)对血清电解质影响较小的是60℃,10min组、70℃15min组、80℃15min组,对尿液电解质浓度影响最小的是60℃10min组。结论:1)在本研究采用的6种间歇式桑拿方法中,从脱水百分数来看,70℃15min、80℃15min快速减体重效果较好;2)60℃～80℃桑拿速降体重对肌肉力量、反射能力有轻微影响;3)60℃10min桑拿速降体重对机体电解质代谢的不利影响最小。综合分析认为,最适合的赛前桑拿浴速降体重方法为70℃15min。

女性桑拿按摩从业人员性病/艾滋病感染情况与相关知识调查

目的 :了解女性桑拿按摩从业人员性传播疾病 /艾滋病 (STDs/AIDS)相关知识和感染情况 ,为开展STDs/AIDS预防干预研究提供依据。方法 :采取匿名问卷对 72 4名调查对象进行问卷调查 ,了解其人口学特征和对STDs/AIDS的认识、态度、信念、行为 (KABP) ,并通过临床及实验室检查检测STDs/AIDS的感染情况。结果 :目标人群在最近 3月内从事过商业性行为的占 74 2 % ( 5 3 7/ 72 4) ,商业性行为中避孕套使用率为 80 6% ,与固定性伴侣 (夫妻、恋人 )性交避孕套使用率为 5 7% ;对STDs/AIDS传播途径的正确知晓率为 3 4 3 %～ 5 6 8% ;绝大多数人认为自己没有患STDs/AIDS的危险 ;约 1 / 3人缺乏正确的求医行为 ,42 1名受检者STDs/HIV感染率为 2 4 47%。结论 :女性桑拿按摩从业人员中普遍存在STDs/AIDS高危行为 ,STDs/AIDS知识知晓率低 ,严重缺乏自我防护意识 ,STDs/HIV感染率高 。

穴位埋线配合光波浴房治疗中老年单纯性肥胖症60例临床观察

目的观察穴位埋线配合光波浴房疗法对中老年单纯性肥胖症的治疗作用。方法将130例中老年单纯性肥胖症患者分为3组,A组:60例中老年单纯性肥胖症患者接受穴位埋线配合光波浴房方法治疗,穴位埋线每2周1次,光波浴房每周1次,每次30min,温度为50℃,共治疗12周。B组:40例单纯采用穴位埋线方法治疗;C组:30例单纯采用光波浴房治疗。治疗强度和频次同A组。治疗前后分别测量患者体质量、身高、腰围、臀围,计算体质量指数(BMI),同时检测患者体脂含量、血脂四项等指标,治疗结束后评定临床疗效。结果与治疗前比较,3组治疗后的腰围、臀围、BMI、体脂含量均明显降低(P<0.05),A、B、C组各自的总有效率分别为85.0%、72.5%和66.7%,3组间有显著性差异(P<0.05)。结论穴位埋线配合光波浴房疗法可有效改善中老年肥胖症患者的肥胖状态。