Background: Sexual dysfunction is sexual complaints or disorders. There are various causes, but the onset leads to deterioration of relationships and quality of life with partners. There is still a deep-rooted awarene...Background: Sexual dysfunction is sexual complaints or disorders. There are various causes, but the onset leads to deterioration of relationships and quality of life with partners. There is still a deep-rooted awareness that sexuality is a secret in Japan. Aim: This study aims to clarify the relationship between female sexual function and depression or anxiety. Method: Four hundred and fifty-eight Japanese healthy women who worked in four randomly selected medical institutions in Okinawa Prefecture in Japan from March to May 2012 were asked to agree to a consent form of their own free will and participate in self-reported questionnaires. For their evaluation, the Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI;Rosen et al. 2000, which includes the six domains of desire, arousal, lubrication, orgasm, pain, and satisfaction) and the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K6;Kessler, 2002, which includes the following six items: felt nervous, hopeless, restless or fidgety, worthless, depressed, and felt that everything was an effort) was used. Moreover, participants’ characteristics showed age, marriage, menopause, annual income, and drinking. In addition, JMP16.2 and R 4.2.0 was used to perform Pearson’s chi-square test, Fisher’s exact test, Mann-Whitney U test, Kruskal-Wallis test, Steel-Dwass test, Spearman’s Rank-Order Correlation, and Cronbach’s alpha. This study was approved by the university and the medical institutional review board (IRB). Results: 178 women were included in the final analysis, and the median (IQR, interquartile range) was 39 (32 - 48) years old, and the mean ± SD (standard deviation) was 40.2 ± 10.4 years old. The median (IQR) and mean ± SD of FSFI Total Score were 22.0 (9.3 - 26.6) and 19.2 ± 9.6. The median (IQR) and the mean ± SD of K6 Total Score were 3 (0 - 7) and 4.2 ± 4.5. 16% of all women with a K6 Total Score of 10 and more, and 5% of all women with a K6 Total Score of 13 and more considered a serious mental illness. There was no clear association between female sexual function and depression or anxiety in all health worker participants between FSFI Total Score and K6 Total Score by Spearman’s Rank-Order Correlation Coefficient (ρ). However, there was a moderate correlation between the K6 Total Score and the FSFI Total Score in health worker participants with a K6 Total Score of 11 or more (n =19, ρ = ?0.62, P = 0.005). Moreover, there was a weak correlation between them in both married and drinking women or married and non-menopausal women. In the Mann-Whitney U test where few participants had morbid depression, significant relationships were found in the association between a sexual function with high depression or anxiety, whereas the low group had a K6 cut-off value of 11. Conclusion: Female sexual morbidity for high depression or anxiety should be managed with interventions. Especially, the intervention for decreasing female sexual function in the K6 Total Score of 11 or more will be needed, and a randomized study is required for more evidence.展开更多
cases of postherpetic neuralgia were treated with arranged electro acupuncture and 30 cases with medicine as control. All cases were HIV carriers. The 6 point behavioral rating scale (BRS 6) was used to observe the ef...cases of postherpetic neuralgia were treated with arranged electro acupuncture and 30 cases with medicine as control. All cases were HIV carriers. The 6 point behavioral rating scale (BRS 6) was used to observe the effect before and after treatment. The results indicate arranged electro acupuncture can cure or reduce the severe pain of postherpetic neuralgia of HIV carriers and the effect was better than medicine.展开更多
Background:The validity and reliability of the Borg 6–20 rating of perceived exertion(RPE)scale has not been tested among Chinese people from China' Mainland.The purpose of this study was to test:1)The validity o...Background:The validity and reliability of the Borg 6–20 rating of perceived exertion(RPE)scale has not been tested among Chinese people from China' Mainland.The purpose of this study was to test:1)The validity of Leung Chinese version and Wang Chinese version of the Borg 6–20 RPE scale;2)The reliability of Wang Chinese version RPE scale;and 3)The agreement of these two Chinese versions of the RPE scale among young healthy adults from China' Mainland.Methods:A total of 26 subjects(11 males,15 females;age 22.7±3.0 yrs)volunteered to participate.They performed one(n=3),two(n=14),or three trials(n=9)of the Bruce treadmill protocol test within 9.0±5.1 days(validation trials),and 30.4±27.9 days(reliability trials).Power output,heart rate,oxygen consumption,and RPE were recorded.Results:RPE was significantly correlated with power output(Leung version rs≥0.75,Wang version rs≥0.73),heart rate(HR)(Leung version rs≥0.84,Wang version rs≥0.87),and oxygen consumption(VO2)(Leung version rs≥0.80,Wang version rs≥0.81)(all p<0.01).The overall test-retest interclass correlation was 0.94(p<0.01).No significant differences in correlations(RPE against power output,HR and VO_(2))between trials existed for the reliability tests of Wang version scale.No significant differences in correlations(RPE against power output,HR and VO_(2))between the two Chinese versions of RPE scale existed.Conclusion:Both Chinese RPE scales are valid among young healthy Chinese mandarin speaking adults.The Wang scale is reliable,and the Leung and Wang scales show superior agreement with each other.展开更多
Ⅰ. INTRODUCTION BL Lac objects were the prototype of a new class of astrophysically interested objects with these peculiar characteristies: (ⅰ) Absence of emission lines in the core source;(ⅱ) rapid variability at ...Ⅰ. INTRODUCTION BL Lac objects were the prototype of a new class of astrophysically interested objects with these peculiar characteristies: (ⅰ) Absence of emission lines in the core source;(ⅱ) rapid variability at radio, IR and visual wavelengths; (ⅲ) non-thermal展开更多
文摘Background: Sexual dysfunction is sexual complaints or disorders. There are various causes, but the onset leads to deterioration of relationships and quality of life with partners. There is still a deep-rooted awareness that sexuality is a secret in Japan. Aim: This study aims to clarify the relationship between female sexual function and depression or anxiety. Method: Four hundred and fifty-eight Japanese healthy women who worked in four randomly selected medical institutions in Okinawa Prefecture in Japan from March to May 2012 were asked to agree to a consent form of their own free will and participate in self-reported questionnaires. For their evaluation, the Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI;Rosen et al. 2000, which includes the six domains of desire, arousal, lubrication, orgasm, pain, and satisfaction) and the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K6;Kessler, 2002, which includes the following six items: felt nervous, hopeless, restless or fidgety, worthless, depressed, and felt that everything was an effort) was used. Moreover, participants’ characteristics showed age, marriage, menopause, annual income, and drinking. In addition, JMP16.2 and R 4.2.0 was used to perform Pearson’s chi-square test, Fisher’s exact test, Mann-Whitney U test, Kruskal-Wallis test, Steel-Dwass test, Spearman’s Rank-Order Correlation, and Cronbach’s alpha. This study was approved by the university and the medical institutional review board (IRB). Results: 178 women were included in the final analysis, and the median (IQR, interquartile range) was 39 (32 - 48) years old, and the mean ± SD (standard deviation) was 40.2 ± 10.4 years old. The median (IQR) and mean ± SD of FSFI Total Score were 22.0 (9.3 - 26.6) and 19.2 ± 9.6. The median (IQR) and the mean ± SD of K6 Total Score were 3 (0 - 7) and 4.2 ± 4.5. 16% of all women with a K6 Total Score of 10 and more, and 5% of all women with a K6 Total Score of 13 and more considered a serious mental illness. There was no clear association between female sexual function and depression or anxiety in all health worker participants between FSFI Total Score and K6 Total Score by Spearman’s Rank-Order Correlation Coefficient (ρ). However, there was a moderate correlation between the K6 Total Score and the FSFI Total Score in health worker participants with a K6 Total Score of 11 or more (n =19, ρ = ?0.62, P = 0.005). Moreover, there was a weak correlation between them in both married and drinking women or married and non-menopausal women. In the Mann-Whitney U test where few participants had morbid depression, significant relationships were found in the association between a sexual function with high depression or anxiety, whereas the low group had a K6 cut-off value of 11. Conclusion: Female sexual morbidity for high depression or anxiety should be managed with interventions. Especially, the intervention for decreasing female sexual function in the K6 Total Score of 11 or more will be needed, and a randomized study is required for more evidence.
文摘cases of postherpetic neuralgia were treated with arranged electro acupuncture and 30 cases with medicine as control. All cases were HIV carriers. The 6 point behavioral rating scale (BRS 6) was used to observe the effect before and after treatment. The results indicate arranged electro acupuncture can cure or reduce the severe pain of postherpetic neuralgia of HIV carriers and the effect was better than medicine.
文摘Background:The validity and reliability of the Borg 6–20 rating of perceived exertion(RPE)scale has not been tested among Chinese people from China' Mainland.The purpose of this study was to test:1)The validity of Leung Chinese version and Wang Chinese version of the Borg 6–20 RPE scale;2)The reliability of Wang Chinese version RPE scale;and 3)The agreement of these two Chinese versions of the RPE scale among young healthy adults from China' Mainland.Methods:A total of 26 subjects(11 males,15 females;age 22.7±3.0 yrs)volunteered to participate.They performed one(n=3),two(n=14),or three trials(n=9)of the Bruce treadmill protocol test within 9.0±5.1 days(validation trials),and 30.4±27.9 days(reliability trials).Power output,heart rate,oxygen consumption,and RPE were recorded.Results:RPE was significantly correlated with power output(Leung version rs≥0.75,Wang version rs≥0.73),heart rate(HR)(Leung version rs≥0.84,Wang version rs≥0.87),and oxygen consumption(VO2)(Leung version rs≥0.80,Wang version rs≥0.81)(all p<0.01).The overall test-retest interclass correlation was 0.94(p<0.01).No significant differences in correlations(RPE against power output,HR and VO_(2))between trials existed for the reliability tests of Wang version scale.No significant differences in correlations(RPE against power output,HR and VO_(2))between the two Chinese versions of RPE scale existed.Conclusion:Both Chinese RPE scales are valid among young healthy Chinese mandarin speaking adults.The Wang scale is reliable,and the Leung and Wang scales show superior agreement with each other.
文摘Ⅰ. INTRODUCTION BL Lac objects were the prototype of a new class of astrophysically interested objects with these peculiar characteristies: (ⅰ) Absence of emission lines in the core source;(ⅱ) rapid variability at radio, IR and visual wavelengths; (ⅲ) non-thermal
