为了探究饮用乳双歧杆菌Y6活菌型发酵乳对消化功能障碍人群肠道健康的影响,本文进行了一项膳食干预试验。选择具有消化功能问题的受试者,每天饮用200 mL Y6活菌型发酵乳,持续4周。分别在干预前后进行临床评分,同时利用Illumina PE300测...为了探究饮用乳双歧杆菌Y6活菌型发酵乳对消化功能障碍人群肠道健康的影响,本文进行了一项膳食干预试验。选择具有消化功能问题的受试者,每天饮用200 mL Y6活菌型发酵乳,持续4周。分别在干预前后进行临床评分,同时利用Illumina PE300测序平台,对受试者粪便微生物的16S rDNA PCR产物片段进行高通量测序,使用气相色谱测定了粪便中短链脂肪酸(SCFAs)的含量。结果表明,饮用Y6活菌型发酵乳对消化功能障碍导致的临床症状有极显著的改善作用(P<0.01);高通量测序结果显示,Y6活菌型发酵乳的干预对人体肠道微生物群的组成影响显著,但对物种多样性和丰富度没有明显改变,其中有益菌Akkermansia、Collinsella和Erysipelotrichacee_UCG_003属的相对丰度增加,有害菌Lachnoclostridium属的相对丰富度减少;肠道内SCFAs(乙酸、丙酸和丁酸)含量显著增加(P<0.05)。乳双歧杆菌Y6活菌型发酵乳的干预可以显著改善消化功能障碍人群的肠道健康,为Y6菌株的应用提供理论依据。展开更多
Forsythia suspensa,belonging to the deciduous shrubs of the Luteaceae family,a traditional Chinese medicine,has effects of alleviating swelling,clearing heat,detoxification and promoting blood circulation.The leaves o...Forsythia suspensa,belonging to the deciduous shrubs of the Luteaceae family,a traditional Chinese medicine,has effects of alleviating swelling,clearing heat,detoxification and promoting blood circulation.The leaves of F.suspensa contain multiple chemical components and have a long history of use in folk medicines and health foods.The purpose of this study was to explore the effects of forsythin extract from F.suspensa leaves on intestinal microbiota and short-chain fatty acid(SCFA)content in rats with obesity induced by a high-fat diet.Forsythin extract in F.suspensa leaves increased the abundance of the intestinal microbiota,ameliorated intestinal microbiota disorders and inhibited the increase in total SCFA content in the intestinal tract in rats with obesity induced by a high-fat diet.These results suggested that forsythin extract in F.suspensa leaves may slow the development of obesity induced by a high-fat diet;thus,its active components and efficacy are worthy of further study.展开更多
Background:The objective of this study was to evaluate the replacement effects of milk powder(MK)and fish meal(FM)by enzymatic soybean(ESB)in diets on growth performance,immunological parameters,SCFAs production and g...Background:The objective of this study was to evaluate the replacement effects of milk powder(MK)and fish meal(FM)by enzymatic soybean(ESB)in diets on growth performance,immunological parameters,SCFAs production and gut microbiome of weaned piglets.Methods:A total of 128 piglets with initial body weight at 6.95±0.46 kg,were randomly assigned into 4 dietary treatments with 8 replicates per treatment and 4 piglets per replicate for a period of 14 d.Piglets were offered isonitrogenous and iso-energetic diets as follows:CON diet with MK and FM as high quality protein sources,ESB plus FM diet with ESB replacing MK,ESB plus MK diet with ESB replacing FM,and ESB diet with ESB replacing both MK and FM.Results:No significant differences were observed in growth performance among all treatments(P>0.05).However,piglets fed ESB plus FM or ESB diet had increased diarrhea index(P<0.01),and lower digestibility of dry matter(DM),gross energy(GE)or crude protein(CP),relative to piglets fed CON diet(P<0.01).Moreover,the inclusion of ESB in diet markedly decreased the plasma concentration of HPT and fecal concentration of butyric acid(BA)(P<0.01).The High-throughput sequencing of 16S rRNA gene V3−V4 region of gut microbiome revealed that the inclusion of ESB in diet increased the alpha diversity,and the linear discriminant analysis effect size(LEfSe)showed that piglets fed with ESB plus FM or ESB diet contained more gut pathogenic bacteria,such as g_Peptococcus,g_Veillonella and g_Helicobacter.Conclusion:The inclusion of ESB in diet did not markedly affect growth performance of piglets,but the replacement of MK or both MK and FM by ESB increased diarrhea index,which could be associated with lower nutrients digestibility and more gut pathogenic bacteria.However,piglets fed diet using ESB to replace FM did not markedly affect gut health-related parameters,indicating the potential for replacing FM with ESB in weaning diet.展开更多
Resistant starch type 3 (RS3) produced from high amylose food sources through retrogradation or enzymatic process is known to have physiological function as dietary fiber. Fermentation of RS3 by colonic microorganisms...Resistant starch type 3 (RS3) produced from high amylose food sources through retrogradation or enzymatic process is known to have physiological function as dietary fiber. Fermentation of RS3 by colonic microorganisms produced SCFA (acetate, propionate, and butyrate), maintained the health of colon, balance of gut microbiota, preventing inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) and colon cancer. RS3 in this study was produced from IR-42 and Inpari-16 broken rice by enzymatic treatment (combination of amylase-pullulanase). The Resistant Starch was fermented for 12 and 24 h by colonic microbiota (extracted from healthy human subject), Clostiridium butyricum BCC-B2571, or Eubacterium rectale DSM 17629. SCFA produced was analyzed by gas chromatography. Treatment by amylase-pullulanase combination was advantageous to increase their RS3 content. The result showed that after enzymatic process, the RS3 content of IR-42 (41.13%) was not significantly different (p 0.05) from that of Inpari-16 (37.70%). High concentration of acetate (82.5 mM) and propionate (7.5 mM) were produced by colonic microbiota after 12 h fermentation and best concentration of butyrate (6.8 mM) was produced by colonic microbiota after 24 h fermentation. It is clear that utilization of colonic microbiota rather than single strain was better in the production of SCFA.展开更多
Objective: The objective is to explore the mechanism of inhibitory effect of three main SCFAs (acetate, propionate and butyrate) on inflammatory response of A549 cells. Methods: Human lung adenocarcinoma cells (A549 c...Objective: The objective is to explore the mechanism of inhibitory effect of three main SCFAs (acetate, propionate and butyrate) on inflammatory response of A549 cells. Methods: Human lung adenocarcinoma cells (A549 cells) were cultured, and were divided into normal control group (NC group), A. baumannii infection group (A. baumannii group), NF-κB inhibitor group (JSH group), A. baumannii infection + sodium acetate group (NaAc group), A. baumannii infection + sodium propionate group (NaPc group) and A. baumannii infection + sodium butyrate group (NaB group). Real-time quantitative PCR was used to detect the mRNA expression of NLRP3, Caspase-1, IL-1β, IL-6, and TGF-β in A549 cells. Western blotting assay was used to determine the expression of autophagy and “pyroptosis” related proteins of NRLP3, cleaved-Caspase-1 (P20), GSDMD (P30), LC-3 and Beclin-1. At the same time, the expression of NF-κB p65 protein in nucleus and cytoplasm of A549 cells was detected. The level of reactive oxygen species in A549 cells was detected by flow cytometry. Results: Compared with A. baumannii group, the mRNA expression of NLRP3, IL-1β and IL-6 in NaAc group, NaPc group and NaB group decreased significantly, the mRNA expression of Caspase-1 in NaPc group and NaB group decreased significantly, only the mRNA expression of TGF-β in NaB group increased significantly;LC3-II expression increased significantly in NaPc group and NaB group, only Beclin-1 expression increased and GSDMD (p30) expression decreased significantly in NaB group. All three kinds of SCFAs could significantly inhibit the expression of cleaved-Caspase-1 (p20) after A. baumannii infection, but there was no significant change in the protein expression of NLRP3. Compared with NC group, the production of reactive oxygen species in A. baumannii group increased significantly at 3 h after A. baumannii infection. Compared with A. baumannii group, NaB could significantly suppress the production of reactive oxygen species induced by A. baumannii. Compared with A. baumannii group, the expression of NF-κB p65 in nucleus was significantly decreased and the expression of NF-κB p65 in cytoplasm was significantly increased after 24 h pre-incubation with NaB, NaPc and NaAc, respectively. Conclusion: A. baumannii can induce inflammatory injury of pulmonary epithelial cells, and the three major SCFAs can inhibit the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome and the release of pro-inflammatory factors through NF-κB/ROS/NLRP3 pathway, which provides a new way for clinical prevention of severe inflammatory injury caused by A. baumannii infection.展开更多
基金funded by grants from the National Key R&D Program of China(2016YFD0500604)。
文摘Forsythia suspensa,belonging to the deciduous shrubs of the Luteaceae family,a traditional Chinese medicine,has effects of alleviating swelling,clearing heat,detoxification and promoting blood circulation.The leaves of F.suspensa contain multiple chemical components and have a long history of use in folk medicines and health foods.The purpose of this study was to explore the effects of forsythin extract from F.suspensa leaves on intestinal microbiota and short-chain fatty acid(SCFA)content in rats with obesity induced by a high-fat diet.Forsythin extract in F.suspensa leaves increased the abundance of the intestinal microbiota,ameliorated intestinal microbiota disorders and inhibited the increase in total SCFA content in the intestinal tract in rats with obesity induced by a high-fat diet.These results suggested that forsythin extract in F.suspensa leaves may slow the development of obesity induced by a high-fat diet;thus,its active components and efficacy are worthy of further study.
基金This work was supported by overseas Expertise Introduction Project for Discipline Innovation(111 Project)Sichuan Agricultural University Shuangzhi plan for discipline construction project。
文摘Background:The objective of this study was to evaluate the replacement effects of milk powder(MK)and fish meal(FM)by enzymatic soybean(ESB)in diets on growth performance,immunological parameters,SCFAs production and gut microbiome of weaned piglets.Methods:A total of 128 piglets with initial body weight at 6.95±0.46 kg,were randomly assigned into 4 dietary treatments with 8 replicates per treatment and 4 piglets per replicate for a period of 14 d.Piglets were offered isonitrogenous and iso-energetic diets as follows:CON diet with MK and FM as high quality protein sources,ESB plus FM diet with ESB replacing MK,ESB plus MK diet with ESB replacing FM,and ESB diet with ESB replacing both MK and FM.Results:No significant differences were observed in growth performance among all treatments(P>0.05).However,piglets fed ESB plus FM or ESB diet had increased diarrhea index(P<0.01),and lower digestibility of dry matter(DM),gross energy(GE)or crude protein(CP),relative to piglets fed CON diet(P<0.01).Moreover,the inclusion of ESB in diet markedly decreased the plasma concentration of HPT and fecal concentration of butyric acid(BA)(P<0.01).The High-throughput sequencing of 16S rRNA gene V3−V4 region of gut microbiome revealed that the inclusion of ESB in diet increased the alpha diversity,and the linear discriminant analysis effect size(LEfSe)showed that piglets fed with ESB plus FM or ESB diet contained more gut pathogenic bacteria,such as g_Peptococcus,g_Veillonella and g_Helicobacter.Conclusion:The inclusion of ESB in diet did not markedly affect growth performance of piglets,but the replacement of MK or both MK and FM by ESB increased diarrhea index,which could be associated with lower nutrients digestibility and more gut pathogenic bacteria.However,piglets fed diet using ESB to replace FM did not markedly affect gut health-related parameters,indicating the potential for replacing FM with ESB in weaning diet.
文摘Resistant starch type 3 (RS3) produced from high amylose food sources through retrogradation or enzymatic process is known to have physiological function as dietary fiber. Fermentation of RS3 by colonic microorganisms produced SCFA (acetate, propionate, and butyrate), maintained the health of colon, balance of gut microbiota, preventing inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) and colon cancer. RS3 in this study was produced from IR-42 and Inpari-16 broken rice by enzymatic treatment (combination of amylase-pullulanase). The Resistant Starch was fermented for 12 and 24 h by colonic microbiota (extracted from healthy human subject), Clostiridium butyricum BCC-B2571, or Eubacterium rectale DSM 17629. SCFA produced was analyzed by gas chromatography. Treatment by amylase-pullulanase combination was advantageous to increase their RS3 content. The result showed that after enzymatic process, the RS3 content of IR-42 (41.13%) was not significantly different (p 0.05) from that of Inpari-16 (37.70%). High concentration of acetate (82.5 mM) and propionate (7.5 mM) were produced by colonic microbiota after 12 h fermentation and best concentration of butyrate (6.8 mM) was produced by colonic microbiota after 24 h fermentation. It is clear that utilization of colonic microbiota rather than single strain was better in the production of SCFA.
文摘Objective: The objective is to explore the mechanism of inhibitory effect of three main SCFAs (acetate, propionate and butyrate) on inflammatory response of A549 cells. Methods: Human lung adenocarcinoma cells (A549 cells) were cultured, and were divided into normal control group (NC group), A. baumannii infection group (A. baumannii group), NF-κB inhibitor group (JSH group), A. baumannii infection + sodium acetate group (NaAc group), A. baumannii infection + sodium propionate group (NaPc group) and A. baumannii infection + sodium butyrate group (NaB group). Real-time quantitative PCR was used to detect the mRNA expression of NLRP3, Caspase-1, IL-1β, IL-6, and TGF-β in A549 cells. Western blotting assay was used to determine the expression of autophagy and “pyroptosis” related proteins of NRLP3, cleaved-Caspase-1 (P20), GSDMD (P30), LC-3 and Beclin-1. At the same time, the expression of NF-κB p65 protein in nucleus and cytoplasm of A549 cells was detected. The level of reactive oxygen species in A549 cells was detected by flow cytometry. Results: Compared with A. baumannii group, the mRNA expression of NLRP3, IL-1β and IL-6 in NaAc group, NaPc group and NaB group decreased significantly, the mRNA expression of Caspase-1 in NaPc group and NaB group decreased significantly, only the mRNA expression of TGF-β in NaB group increased significantly;LC3-II expression increased significantly in NaPc group and NaB group, only Beclin-1 expression increased and GSDMD (p30) expression decreased significantly in NaB group. All three kinds of SCFAs could significantly inhibit the expression of cleaved-Caspase-1 (p20) after A. baumannii infection, but there was no significant change in the protein expression of NLRP3. Compared with NC group, the production of reactive oxygen species in A. baumannii group increased significantly at 3 h after A. baumannii infection. Compared with A. baumannii group, NaB could significantly suppress the production of reactive oxygen species induced by A. baumannii. Compared with A. baumannii group, the expression of NF-κB p65 in nucleus was significantly decreased and the expression of NF-κB p65 in cytoplasm was significantly increased after 24 h pre-incubation with NaB, NaPc and NaAc, respectively. Conclusion: A. baumannii can induce inflammatory injury of pulmonary epithelial cells, and the three major SCFAs can inhibit the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome and the release of pro-inflammatory factors through NF-κB/ROS/NLRP3 pathway, which provides a new way for clinical prevention of severe inflammatory injury caused by A. baumannii infection.
