THE DEVELOPMENT OF YOUNG SCIENTISTS IN COMPETITION——CAS honours 41 prodigies upon its 1997 Awards for Young Scientists

The recipients of the 1997 CAS Awards for Young Scientists had their names publicized recently. They had been checked and recommended by their work units and subject to re-examination and approval by the Awards’ jury. As a result, a total of 41 prodigies received this special honor for

Chinese Scientists in Dubna(1956–1965)

The work of Chinese scientists conducted at the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research(JINR)(1956–1965)was inextricably linked to the Sino-Soviet relations in the 1950 s–1960 s.During the early stage of the JINR,with the aid of advanced equipment and the international cooperation mechanism,Chinese scientists yielded significant results,such as the discovery of the antisigma-minus hyperon and the proof of the law of partial conservation of axial current(PCAC).After the Sino-Soviet split,Chinese scientists’activities at the institute were hampered by political tensions,eventually resulting in China’s withdrawal from the JINR in 1965.But through the involvement at the JINR,Chinese scientists were trained in scientific practices and participated in international exchange and cooperation which turned them into a new force in China’s nuclear industry,boosting its nuclear weapons,particle physics theory,and accelerator technology.In the meantime,the scientists’activities extended the international influence of the JINR.The withdrawal of China from the institute impacted both the JINR and the development of science in China.

Establishment of an index system for evaluating outstanding biomedical scientists for science foundation of Shanghai

Objective:To establish a scientific,objective and applicable index system for evaluating out- standing biomedical scientists for science foundation of Shanghai.Methods:According to the principal in- dices that have been used in the developed countries for evaluating their talented personnel and the reality of our country,an index system was set up to evaluate the outstanding biomedical scientists for Shanghai science foundation.The following parameters were used to simplify the indices.,correlation coefficient, multiple correlation coefficient,partial correlation coefficient,creditability,and discriminatory power. And analytic hierarchy process was used to determine the weights of each index.Results and Conclusions: The established index system is scientific and applicable;it is helpful for cultivating and evaluating out- standing biomedical scientists.

Physical scientists research biomedicine: a call for caution

It is noticeable that nowadays there are more and more scientists with physical science or engineering background working on or started to work on biomedical projects, but rarely vice versa. This reflects the multi-discipline nature of some projects, however, also at least partially can be explained that biomedical research is seen as trendy, fundable, and likely to get more citations and with results more publishable in high impact journals （1,2）. It is also apparent with some publications and lectures that not all these physical scientists/engineers are well-prepared to work on projects which do not align with their own expertise. Some studies are against very basic principles of pharmacology or biology, while others try to solve medical problems which do not exist clinically. I reviewed a number of submissions including a few from prestigious American universities to Nature journals which made no sense with the study design. Much of manpower and financial resource are being wasteful spent. There are also examples of clinical trials which were ill-planned right from the start and in the end only causing much inconvenience to patients to say at the least. In addition, ample examples exist where experienced physical scientists worked with inexperienced medical scientists and resulted in avoidable failures.

Reflections on Tools and Methods for Differentiated Assessments of Individual Scientists, Groups of Scientists and Scientific Journals

Requirements for research assessments There are huge differences in mission, emphasis, inherent capability, and targeted utilization of research among scientific institutions. Hence, when it comes to assessments, a one-size-fits-all approach cannot meet the goal(s) of these assessments. Probably even larger differences exist between individuals, research teams and departments.

Chinese Scientists Have Obtained Great Achievements in Comprehensive Research on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau

The China Geological Survey carried out 1：250000 regional geological surveys of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau from 1999 to 2005. With a total investment of 300 million yuan, more than 1000 geologists were involved annually to conduct mapping at a grid of one line to every four km along the Kunlun Mts-Altyn Shan-Tanggula Shah, Kokoxili-Qiangtang, Gangdese, Yalun Zangbu River, and finally to the Himalayan ranges. The extensive mapping culminated in a total of 112 maps covering an area of 152 square kilometers. Based on this success, the China Geological Survey launched another program, the ＂Integration and Comprehensive Study of Basic Geological Survey Result（s） in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau＂. The program lasted from 2006 to 2010 and has yielded copious research results, making big strides in upgrading our understanding of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. The achievements are manifold. Around 100 maps have been drafted, including the 1：1500000 geological map, tectonic, tectono-magmatic, metamorphic rocks, Precambrian geology, lithofacies palaeogeography, Cenozoic geology, geophysical-geochemical maps and others.

An Example of the Scientists—Congratulate Professor SHI Changxu on His Seventyth Birthday

November 15 is the seventyth anniver-sary of Prof.SHI Changxu(C.H.Shih),honorary director of the Institute of MetalResearch,Academia Sinica.As a memberof Chinese Academy of Sciences and direc-tor of the First Division of Technical Sci-ence,Academia Sinica,vice president ofthe National Natural Science Foundation ofChina,and editor-in-chief of ActaMetallurgica Sinica,Prof.Shi is learnedand distinguished in his study,and showsenergy and initiative in his work.And he isextremely loyal and devoted to his countryand his people,so that he commands ourdeep respect and sets an example to the

Knowledge of Covid-19 among Medical Scientists in Nigeria

Background: The impacts of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic have created a need for constant improvement in the effectiveness and efficiency of laboratory diagnosis to contain the spread, aid the treatment and management of positive cases. Inadequate knowledge of COVD-19 and its laboratory diagnosis among medical scientists is detrimental to the reliability of laboratory results, which are critical in the control, and management of the COVID-19 pandemic. The purposes of this study are to determine the knowledge of COVD-19 and to assess the knowledge of laboratory diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 among medical scientists. Methodology: An internet-broadcasted and validated questionnaire was used to obtain data from 131 medical scientists in Nigeria. The generated data were analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics version 25. Results: More than half of respondents had good general knowledge and causes (52%), mode of transmission (52.7%), and symptoms (54.2%) of COVID-19. However, only a few (<40%) knew the hallmark of laboratory diagnosis of COVID-19 and Coronavirus detection steps in the right order (45%). Surprisingly, age (F-ratio = 2.729 p = 0.032), gender (χ2 = 4.173;p = 0.041) and level at work (F-ratio = 3.552, p = 0.016) have significant effects on the knowledge of COVID-19 and knowledge of laboratory diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 among the study participants. Conclusion: There is a need for improvement in the knowledge of COVID-19 diagnosis through relevant work level (work experience) and gender-based training as well as continuous professional development programs for medical scientists in Nigeria.

Building a Communication and Cooperation Platform for Chinese Scientists

CHEN Haoyong made the decision to devote himself to the development of electrical power science while he was majoring in electrical engineering at the Xi’an Jiaotong University in the early 1990s.In 1994,his professor introduced him to Wang Xifan,a famous scholar in the field of power systems who had just returned from Japan and who was also an academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences.Over the following 12 years,Chen studied and worked under the BY ZHANG LI Building a Communication and Cooperation Platform for Chinese Scientists guidance and supervision of Wang.

Chinese Scientists "Photographed" Molecular Picture with Chemical Bond Resolution

A flagship research project ofthe country during the Ninth Five-Year Plan period (1996-2000), thestudy was conducted under the ae-gis of CAS with financial supportfrom MOST. Remarkable academicprogress has been achieved over thepast years, according to the panel.

Award Set for Future Scientists

Thirteen-year-old Zhou Licheng is a pupil at the Beijing Xicheng Experimental School, and recently won second prize in the "Future Scientist Award" for his invention - a device that prevents smoke from coming down the flue. He won a 10,000-yuan cash prize, and his school was also awarded 40,000 yuan. The "Future Scientist Award" was set up through the joint efforts of the Ministry of Education, the China Association for Science and Technology, and the Hong Kong H. S. Chau Foundation. Its aim is to

Chinese Scientists Contribute to the AMS program

The Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer (AMS) program is regarded as a huge international scientific project following the world-known International Space Station (ISS) project, Human Genome project

Fruitful Cooperation between CAS and Japanese Scientists Over the Past Three Decades

Ⅰ. From the Civilian Contact to the Dual Channel of Official and Non-governmental Exchanges From 1949 to 1972, S&T exchanges between China and Japan were dominated by civilian contacts,as non-governmental channels were used to intermediate between the two governments. In 1955, a delegation of Chinese scientists visited Japan under the leadership of Guo Moruo, the first president of CAS,and met with Japanese scientists and friends from all walks of life.

Eight Scientists Win Chen Jiageng Prizes

At the 10th General Assemblyof CAS, eight scientists were award-ed with Chen Jiageng Prize, a pres-tigious award to honor outstandingChinese scientists who forge aheadand scale S&T heights to revitalizethe nation.

China to Open State Research Program to Overseas Scientists

China will open part of its civil projects in national research program, including hi-tech development programs and major basic research programs to overseas scientists, said a senior official with the Ministry of Science and Technology (MOST). Facing the globalization trend in terms of economy and S&T development, China will take a

World-renowned Scientists Made Constructive Comments on S&T Development in China

In the crucial transition period from the initiative phase to the overall implementing phase of the Academy’s Knowledge Innovation Program (KIP), the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), based on the experience of the KIP initiative phase, has attached great importance to the broad solicitation of suggestions on the overall implementing phase of the KIP with the aim at further clarifying its position in the National Innovation System and setting up goals and measures for the development and

A New Type of Feather from a Primitive Bird Provided by CAS Scientists

According to an official announcement by the CAS Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology (IVPP), a piece of critical evidence for the origin and early evolution of feathers has been described from a Mesozoic bird fossil newly discovered by two IVPP paleontologists, Profs. Zhang Fucheng and

A TOTAL OF 40 YOUNG SCHOLARS WIN THE 1995 CAS AWARDS FOR YOUNG SCIENTISTS

The laureates of the 1995 CAS Awards for Young Scientists have been appraised and decided by the Awards’ jury.A total of 40 young scholars won the Awards, including 10 first-grade prize recipients—Xi Nanhua with the Institute of Mathematics,Wang Yunping with the Institute of Physics,Qiu Minghua with the Kunming Institute of Botany,Gan Weiqun with the Mt. Zijinshan Observatory, Zhang Zhongjie with the