Objective:Osteoarthritis(OA)is a degenerative joint disorder characterized by the gradual degradation of joint cartilage and local inflammation.This study aimed to investigate the anti-OA effect of scutellarein(SCU),a...Objective:Osteoarthritis(OA)is a degenerative joint disorder characterized by the gradual degradation of joint cartilage and local inflammation.This study aimed to investigate the anti-OA effect of scutellarein(SCU),a single-unit flavonoid compound obtained from Scutellaria barbata D.Don,in rats.Methods:The extracted rat chondrocytes were treated with SCU and IL-1β.The chondrocytes were divided into control group,IL-1βgroup,IL-1β+SCU 50µmol/L group,and IL-1β+SCU 100µmol/L group.Morphology of rat chondrocytes was observed by toluidine blue and safranin O staining.CCK-8 method was used to detect the cytotoxicity of SCU.ELISA,qRT-PCR,Western blotting,immunofluorescence,SAβ-gal staining,flow cytometry,and bioinformatics analysis were applied to evaluate the effect of SCU on rat chondrocytes under IL-1βintervention.Additionally,anterior cruciate ligament transection(ACL-T)was used to establish a rat OA model.Histological changes were detected by safranin O/fast green,hematoxylin-eosin(HE)staining,and immunohistochemistry.Results:SCU protected cartilage and exhibited anti-inflammatory effects via multiple mechanisms.Specifically,it could enhance the synthesis of extracellular matrix in cartilage cells and inhibit its degradation.In addition,SCU partially inhibited the nuclear factor kappa-B/mitogen-activated protein kinase(NF-κB/MAPK)pathway,thereby reducing inflammatory cytokine production in the joint cartilage.Furthermore,SCU significantly reduced IL-1β-induced apoptosis and senescence in rat chondrocytes,further highlighting its potential role in OA treatment.In vivo experiments revealed that SCU(at a dose of 50 mg/kg)administered for 2 months could significantly delay the progression of cartilage damage,which was reflected in a lower Osteoarthritis Research Society International(OARSI)score,and reduced expression of matrix metalloproteinase 13(MMP13)in cartilage.Conclusion:SCU is effective in the therapeutic management of OA and could serve as a potential candidate for future clinical drug therapy for OA.展开更多
AIM:To investigate the alleviation of scutellarein(SN)against inner blood-retinal-barrier(iBRB)dysfunction in microglia cells stimulated by hyperglycemia and to elucidate the engaged mechanism.METHODS:Microglia BV2 ce...AIM:To investigate the alleviation of scutellarein(SN)against inner blood-retinal-barrier(iBRB)dysfunction in microglia cells stimulated by hyperglycemia and to elucidate the engaged mechanism.METHODS:Microglia BV2 cells were stimulated by using 25 mmol/L D-glucose.The same concentration of mannitol(25 mmol/L)was applied as an isotonic contrast.Real-time PCR,Western-blot assay and immunofluorescence staining assay was performed.The dysfunction of iBRB in vitro was detected by using transendothelial electrical resistance(TEER)assay.Additionally,the leakage of fluorescein isothiocyanate(FITC)-conjugated dextran(70 kDa)was detected.RESULTS:SN abrogated microglia BV2 cells activation and reduced the phosphorylated activation of extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase(ERK)1/2.SN also decreased the transcriptional activation of nuclear factorκB(NFκB)and the elevated expression of tumor necrosis factorα(TNFα),interleukin(IL)-6 and IL-1βin BV2 cells treated with D-glucose(25 mmol/L).SN attenuated iBRB dysfunction in human retinal endothelial cells(HRECs)or choroid-retinal endothelial RF/6 A cells when those cells were treated with TNFα,IL-1βor IL-6,or co-cultured with microglia cells stimulated by D-glucose.Moreover,SN restored the decreased protein expression of tight junctions(TJs)in TNFα-treated HRECs and RF/6 A cells.CONCLUSION:SN not only alleviate iBRB dysfunction via directly inhibiting retinal endothelial injury caused by TNFα,IL-1βor IL-6,but also reduce the release of TNFα,IL-1βand IL-6 from microglia cells by abrogating hyperglycemia-mediated the activation of microglia cells.展开更多
In order to study the free radical scavenging capacity and molecular structures of baicalein and scutellarein,the structure-activity relationship of these two molecules was analyzed.The geometric structures of the com...In order to study the free radical scavenging capacity and molecular structures of baicalein and scutellarein,the structure-activity relationship of these two molecules was analyzed.The geometric structures of the compounds were optimized by DMol3 code based on density functional theory.The theoretical parameters of the atomic charge distribution,the distribution of molecular frontier orbital,the energy difference and Fukui functions were calculated.Meantime,superoxide anion free radical and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical(DPPH)methods were used to determine the scavenging capacity of the compounds.The results showed that the scavenging rate of DPPH radicals and superoxide anion radicals increased with the increase of sample concentration,and had a dose-effect relationship.The radical-scavenging activities in the order of baicalein>scutellarein>BHT were showed.The p-π conjugation of the hydroxyl oxygen atom influenced the certain ability to repelling electrons in the molecular structures of baicalein and scutellarein based on the data of the atomic charge distribution,the distribution of molecular frontier orbital,the energy difference and Fukui functions.Hydroxyl groups were more susceptible to attack and exhibit free radical scavenging activity.The oxygen atom in the phenolic hydroxyl group of the molecule structure of the samples may be the reaction active sites where the electrophilic reaction occurred.These results offer useful theoretical bases for the research and application of antioxidant activities of substances containing such molecular structures.展开更多
目的:研究黄酮类化合物野黄芩苷(scutellarin)和野黄芩素(scutellarein)在Caco-2单层细胞模型中的吸收和转运特性。考察缓冲液、作用时间、P-糖蛋白(P-glycoprotein,P-gp)抑制剂、多药耐药蛋白2(multidrug resistance protein 2,MRP2)...目的:研究黄酮类化合物野黄芩苷(scutellarin)和野黄芩素(scutellarein)在Caco-2单层细胞模型中的吸收和转运特性。考察缓冲液、作用时间、P-糖蛋白(P-glycoprotein,P-gp)抑制剂、多药耐药蛋白2(multidrug resistance protein 2,MRP2)抑制剂、乳腺癌耐药蛋白(breast cancer drug resistance protein,BCRP)抑制剂对野黄芩苷和野黄芩素吸收转运的影响。方法:利用Caco-2单层模型研究从绒毛面(apical,AP)侧到基底面(basolateral,BL)侧以及从BL侧到AP侧两个方向的转运过程。应用高效液相色谱法定量分析,计算转运参数和表观渗透系数(apparent permeability coefficient,Papp)。结果:两化合物在磷酸盐缓冲液和Hanks缓冲液中的Papp有差异。在磷酸盐缓冲液中野黄芩苷AP→BL侧无转运,BL→AP侧的Papp为(0.74～1.58)×10-6cm/s;野黄芩素在AP→BL侧与BL→AP侧的Papp分别为(4.33～6.79)×10-6cm/s和(1.32～2.56)×10-6cm/s。随着时间延长,Papp逐渐下降,野黄芩素的吸收转运优于野黄芩苷。P-gp抑制剂维拉帕米、MRP2抑制剂MK-571钠盐及BCRP抑制剂利血平能够促进野黄芩苷的吸收转运,维拉帕米能促进野黄芩素的吸收转运,MK-571钠盐促进野黄芩素外排。结论:野黄芩苷属于难吸收的化合物,野黄芩素吸收优于野黄芩苷,野黄芩素可通过小肠上皮被动吸收进入体内。P-gp抑制剂能够促进野黄芩苷和野黄芩素的转运,MRP2抑制剂和BCRP抑制剂能够促进野黄芩苷的转运,MRP2抑制剂促进野黄芩素外排。野黄芩苷吸收不良和外排蛋白的作用是造成其生物利用度较低的原因。展开更多
基金financially sponsored by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51537004).
文摘Objective:Osteoarthritis(OA)is a degenerative joint disorder characterized by the gradual degradation of joint cartilage and local inflammation.This study aimed to investigate the anti-OA effect of scutellarein(SCU),a single-unit flavonoid compound obtained from Scutellaria barbata D.Don,in rats.Methods:The extracted rat chondrocytes were treated with SCU and IL-1β.The chondrocytes were divided into control group,IL-1βgroup,IL-1β+SCU 50µmol/L group,and IL-1β+SCU 100µmol/L group.Morphology of rat chondrocytes was observed by toluidine blue and safranin O staining.CCK-8 method was used to detect the cytotoxicity of SCU.ELISA,qRT-PCR,Western blotting,immunofluorescence,SAβ-gal staining,flow cytometry,and bioinformatics analysis were applied to evaluate the effect of SCU on rat chondrocytes under IL-1βintervention.Additionally,anterior cruciate ligament transection(ACL-T)was used to establish a rat OA model.Histological changes were detected by safranin O/fast green,hematoxylin-eosin(HE)staining,and immunohistochemistry.Results:SCU protected cartilage and exhibited anti-inflammatory effects via multiple mechanisms.Specifically,it could enhance the synthesis of extracellular matrix in cartilage cells and inhibit its degradation.In addition,SCU partially inhibited the nuclear factor kappa-B/mitogen-activated protein kinase(NF-κB/MAPK)pathway,thereby reducing inflammatory cytokine production in the joint cartilage.Furthermore,SCU significantly reduced IL-1β-induced apoptosis and senescence in rat chondrocytes,further highlighting its potential role in OA treatment.In vivo experiments revealed that SCU(at a dose of 50 mg/kg)administered for 2 months could significantly delay the progression of cartilage damage,which was reflected in a lower Osteoarthritis Research Society International(OARSI)score,and reduced expression of matrix metalloproteinase 13(MMP13)in cartilage.Conclusion:SCU is effective in the therapeutic management of OA and could serve as a potential candidate for future clinical drug therapy for OA.
基金Supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2018YFC1707302)National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81960748)。
文摘AIM:To investigate the alleviation of scutellarein(SN)against inner blood-retinal-barrier(iBRB)dysfunction in microglia cells stimulated by hyperglycemia and to elucidate the engaged mechanism.METHODS:Microglia BV2 cells were stimulated by using 25 mmol/L D-glucose.The same concentration of mannitol(25 mmol/L)was applied as an isotonic contrast.Real-time PCR,Western-blot assay and immunofluorescence staining assay was performed.The dysfunction of iBRB in vitro was detected by using transendothelial electrical resistance(TEER)assay.Additionally,the leakage of fluorescein isothiocyanate(FITC)-conjugated dextran(70 kDa)was detected.RESULTS:SN abrogated microglia BV2 cells activation and reduced the phosphorylated activation of extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase(ERK)1/2.SN also decreased the transcriptional activation of nuclear factorκB(NFκB)and the elevated expression of tumor necrosis factorα(TNFα),interleukin(IL)-6 and IL-1βin BV2 cells treated with D-glucose(25 mmol/L).SN attenuated iBRB dysfunction in human retinal endothelial cells(HRECs)or choroid-retinal endothelial RF/6 A cells when those cells were treated with TNFα,IL-1βor IL-6,or co-cultured with microglia cells stimulated by D-glucose.Moreover,SN restored the decreased protein expression of tight junctions(TJs)in TNFα-treated HRECs and RF/6 A cells.CONCLUSION:SN not only alleviate iBRB dysfunction via directly inhibiting retinal endothelial injury caused by TNFα,IL-1βor IL-6,but also reduce the release of TNFα,IL-1βand IL-6 from microglia cells by abrogating hyperglycemia-mediated the activation of microglia cells.
基金This project was supported by the Natural Science Fundation of Guangdong Province(2018A030307051)Science and Technology Planning Project of Guangdong Province(2017A020225043 and 2012gczx B001)。
文摘In order to study the free radical scavenging capacity and molecular structures of baicalein and scutellarein,the structure-activity relationship of these two molecules was analyzed.The geometric structures of the compounds were optimized by DMol3 code based on density functional theory.The theoretical parameters of the atomic charge distribution,the distribution of molecular frontier orbital,the energy difference and Fukui functions were calculated.Meantime,superoxide anion free radical and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical(DPPH)methods were used to determine the scavenging capacity of the compounds.The results showed that the scavenging rate of DPPH radicals and superoxide anion radicals increased with the increase of sample concentration,and had a dose-effect relationship.The radical-scavenging activities in the order of baicalein>scutellarein>BHT were showed.The p-π conjugation of the hydroxyl oxygen atom influenced the certain ability to repelling electrons in the molecular structures of baicalein and scutellarein based on the data of the atomic charge distribution,the distribution of molecular frontier orbital,the energy difference and Fukui functions.Hydroxyl groups were more susceptible to attack and exhibit free radical scavenging activity.The oxygen atom in the phenolic hydroxyl group of the molecule structure of the samples may be the reaction active sites where the electrophilic reaction occurred.These results offer useful theoretical bases for the research and application of antioxidant activities of substances containing such molecular structures.
文摘目的:研究黄酮类化合物野黄芩苷(scutellarin)和野黄芩素(scutellarein)在Caco-2单层细胞模型中的吸收和转运特性。考察缓冲液、作用时间、P-糖蛋白(P-glycoprotein,P-gp)抑制剂、多药耐药蛋白2(multidrug resistance protein 2,MRP2)抑制剂、乳腺癌耐药蛋白(breast cancer drug resistance protein,BCRP)抑制剂对野黄芩苷和野黄芩素吸收转运的影响。方法:利用Caco-2单层模型研究从绒毛面(apical,AP)侧到基底面(basolateral,BL)侧以及从BL侧到AP侧两个方向的转运过程。应用高效液相色谱法定量分析,计算转运参数和表观渗透系数(apparent permeability coefficient,Papp)。结果:两化合物在磷酸盐缓冲液和Hanks缓冲液中的Papp有差异。在磷酸盐缓冲液中野黄芩苷AP→BL侧无转运,BL→AP侧的Papp为(0.74～1.58)×10-6cm/s;野黄芩素在AP→BL侧与BL→AP侧的Papp分别为(4.33～6.79)×10-6cm/s和(1.32～2.56)×10-6cm/s。随着时间延长,Papp逐渐下降,野黄芩素的吸收转运优于野黄芩苷。P-gp抑制剂维拉帕米、MRP2抑制剂MK-571钠盐及BCRP抑制剂利血平能够促进野黄芩苷的吸收转运,维拉帕米能促进野黄芩素的吸收转运,MK-571钠盐促进野黄芩素外排。结论:野黄芩苷属于难吸收的化合物,野黄芩素吸收优于野黄芩苷,野黄芩素可通过小肠上皮被动吸收进入体内。P-gp抑制剂能够促进野黄芩苷和野黄芩素的转运,MRP2抑制剂和BCRP抑制剂能够促进野黄芩苷的转运,MRP2抑制剂促进野黄芩素外排。野黄芩苷吸收不良和外排蛋白的作用是造成其生物利用度较低的原因。
