Callus induction,which results in fate transition in plant cells,is considered as the first and key step for plant regeneration.This process can be stimulated in different tissues by a callus-inducing medium(CIM),whic...Callus induction,which results in fate transition in plant cells,is considered as the first and key step for plant regeneration.This process can be stimulated in different tissues by a callus-inducing medium(CIM),which contains a high concentration of phytohormone auxin.Although a few key regulators for callus induction have been identified,the multiple aspects of the regulatory mechanism driven by high levels of auxin still need further investigation.Here,we find that high auxin induces callus through a H3 K36 histone methylation-dependent mechanism,which requires the methyltransferase SET DOMAIN GROUP 8(SDG8).During callus induction,the increased auxin accumulates SDG8 expression through a TIR1/AFBs-based transcriptional regulation.SDG8 then deposits H3 K36 me3 modifications on the loci of callus-related genes,including a master regulator WOX5 and the cell proliferation-related genes,such as CYCB1.1.This epigenetic regulation in turn is required for the transcriptional activation of these genes during callus formation.These findings suggest that the massive transcriptional reprogramming for cell fate transition by auxin during callus formation requires epigenetic modifications including SDG8-mediated histone H3 K36 methylation.Our results provide insight into the coordination between auxin signaling and epigenetic regulation during fundamental processes in plant development.展开更多
Post-transcriptional modifications of histones play important roles in various biological processes. Here, we report that Arabidopsis plants overexpressing histone H3 lysine to methionine mutations at histone H3.1K36(...Post-transcriptional modifications of histones play important roles in various biological processes. Here, we report that Arabidopsis plants overexpressing histone H3 lysine to methionine mutations at histone H3.1K36(H3.1K36M) and H3.3K36(H3.3K36M) have serious developmental defects with early-flowering and change in the modifications of endogenous histone H3, including acetylation at lysine 9(H3K9ac), trimethylation at lysine 27(H3K27me3), di-and tri-methylation at lysine 36(H3K36me2 and H3K36me3). In addition, H3K36M mutation alters its subcellular localization and interacts with H3K36 methyltransferase SDG8. Our results support a model in which H3K36M stably interacts with SDG8, and inhibits the activity of SDG8 by sequestering SDG8, resulting in a dominant negative effect to affect the proper expression levels of a variety of genes and plant development.展开更多
The key objectives of this study were to investigate the factors that empower women entrepreneurs in the Kingdom of Bahrain and to measure the impacts of such factors on their business development and growth.The four ...The key objectives of this study were to investigate the factors that empower women entrepreneurs in the Kingdom of Bahrain and to measure the impacts of such factors on their business development and growth.The four main factors covered in this study were gender equality,quality education,sociocultural,and policies.The quantitative method was adopted to obtain the results of a structured survey distributed among 449 women entrepreneurs in the Kingdom of Bahrain registered in the United Nations Industrial Development Organization.A simple random sampling approach was used.This study examined the empowerment perspectives of Bahraini women as entrepreneurs.Hypotheses were developed and tested using statistical tests to significantly identify the impacts of the factors on women entrepreneurs'participation in the country's business activities.The quantitative results of the study showed the importance of empowering women entrepreneurs in business activities in the Kingdom of Bahrain,which leads to their development and the country's economic growth.The findings confirmed the existence and significant impact of three factors,which are quality education,sociocultural,and policies,that empower and support women to start businesses in the Kingdom of Bahrain.No significant effect of the gender equality factor was distinguished.Empowerment and institutional theories were found to be relevant to the context of empowering women as entrepreneurs.The research provided recommendations,such as reinforcing policies that empower entrepreneurs,to enhance the empowerment of women entrepreneurship in the Kingdom of Bahrain.展开更多
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32000241,32000242)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(WK2070000178,WK2070000179).
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos 32130010,31422008,and 31870256)startup funds from FAFU to T.X.,and FAFU Youth Fund(Grant No.XJQ202016)to J.M.
文摘Callus induction,which results in fate transition in plant cells,is considered as the first and key step for plant regeneration.This process can be stimulated in different tissues by a callus-inducing medium(CIM),which contains a high concentration of phytohormone auxin.Although a few key regulators for callus induction have been identified,the multiple aspects of the regulatory mechanism driven by high levels of auxin still need further investigation.Here,we find that high auxin induces callus through a H3 K36 histone methylation-dependent mechanism,which requires the methyltransferase SET DOMAIN GROUP 8(SDG8).During callus induction,the increased auxin accumulates SDG8 expression through a TIR1/AFBs-based transcriptional regulation.SDG8 then deposits H3 K36 me3 modifications on the loci of callus-related genes,including a master regulator WOX5 and the cell proliferation-related genes,such as CYCB1.1.This epigenetic regulation in turn is required for the transcriptional activation of these genes during callus formation.These findings suggest that the massive transcriptional reprogramming for cell fate transition by auxin during callus formation requires epigenetic modifications including SDG8-mediated histone H3 K36 methylation.Our results provide insight into the coordination between auxin signaling and epigenetic regulation during fundamental processes in plant development.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2016YFD0100902)Chinese Academy of Sciences (XDPB0403)
文摘Post-transcriptional modifications of histones play important roles in various biological processes. Here, we report that Arabidopsis plants overexpressing histone H3 lysine to methionine mutations at histone H3.1K36(H3.1K36M) and H3.3K36(H3.3K36M) have serious developmental defects with early-flowering and change in the modifications of endogenous histone H3, including acetylation at lysine 9(H3K9ac), trimethylation at lysine 27(H3K27me3), di-and tri-methylation at lysine 36(H3K36me2 and H3K36me3). In addition, H3K36M mutation alters its subcellular localization and interacts with H3K36 methyltransferase SDG8. Our results support a model in which H3K36M stably interacts with SDG8, and inhibits the activity of SDG8 by sequestering SDG8, resulting in a dominant negative effect to affect the proper expression levels of a variety of genes and plant development.
文摘The key objectives of this study were to investigate the factors that empower women entrepreneurs in the Kingdom of Bahrain and to measure the impacts of such factors on their business development and growth.The four main factors covered in this study were gender equality,quality education,sociocultural,and policies.The quantitative method was adopted to obtain the results of a structured survey distributed among 449 women entrepreneurs in the Kingdom of Bahrain registered in the United Nations Industrial Development Organization.A simple random sampling approach was used.This study examined the empowerment perspectives of Bahraini women as entrepreneurs.Hypotheses were developed and tested using statistical tests to significantly identify the impacts of the factors on women entrepreneurs'participation in the country's business activities.The quantitative results of the study showed the importance of empowering women entrepreneurs in business activities in the Kingdom of Bahrain,which leads to their development and the country's economic growth.The findings confirmed the existence and significant impact of three factors,which are quality education,sociocultural,and policies,that empower and support women to start businesses in the Kingdom of Bahrain.No significant effect of the gender equality factor was distinguished.Empowerment and institutional theories were found to be relevant to the context of empowering women as entrepreneurs.The research provided recommendations,such as reinforcing policies that empower entrepreneurs,to enhance the empowerment of women entrepreneurship in the Kingdom of Bahrain.
