Globalization's Effect on Today's Seafarers

The Role of Manning AgenciesThe decline of the era where the people that owned the ships, managed the ships and hired their own crews saw the development of ship management firms and manning agencies. As the supply of seafarers moved from the traditional maritime nations to India, the Far East and Asia, the services of the manning agencies were gradually built into the system.

The Cradle of China's First Class Seafarers:Qingdao Ocean Shipping Mariners College——by Lin Jinhe,President of Qingdao Ocean Shipping Mariners College

Qingdao Ocean Shipping Mariners College is a College subordinate to China Ocean Shipping (Group) Company under the Ministry of Communications. In our college there are the Department of Marine Navigation,Department of Marine Engineering, Department of Shipping Management and Department of Foreign Languages, offering speciahies of Marine Navigation, Marine Engine Control, Marine Electrical Equipment Control, Marine Radio Communication, International Shipping Management and International Finance and Accounting. We have 3 types of education: the education of formal college schooling, the training for implementation of the 95 revised STCW Convention and the continuation education. Meanwhile we undertake different training of COSCO’s contracted seafarers overseas and other managerial per-

Development, Dependency and HIV Risk in Kiribati

A study was undertaken in Kiribati, a small Pacific island nation, that has a low-level HIV epidemic but a high incidence of STIs among seafarers, their spouses (and children), and those involved in sex work. There are connections between development and dependency and HIV risk in Kiribati. Kiribati is a peripheral and dependent small island state underwritten by conditional aid and financial assistance and advice from donor countries, entwined in, and subject to, external globalising processes. We found two major factors related to Kiribati’s dependency engendered HIV risk. The first is Kiribati’s reliance on transnational seafaring. Long periods away from home, shipboard and port mateship cultures, and infrequent condom use in casual and paid sexual relations while in overseas ports, exacerbated by heavy alcohol use, have rendered i-Kiribati seafarers vulnerable to HIV. The second factor is related to the labour force participation of young women, which is extremely limited. In this context, some young i-Kiribati women choose to work on board, foreign fishing vessels selling sex. They stay with one client while on board a boat—for up to three months—and sex work is not only an economic transaction, but also emotional and affective labour. It is a pattern that makes consistent condom use problematic. Having multiple sequential seafarer partners may in fact generate considerable HIV vulnerability.

Experiences of Fatigue at Sea—A Comparative Study in European and Chinese Shipping Industry

Fatigue has negative impacts on the general working population as well as on seafarers. In order to study seafarers’ fatigue, a questionnaire-base survey was conducted to gain information about potential risk factors for fatigue and construct indexes indicating fatigue. The study applies T-test to compare strata of seafarers to analyse work and sleep patterns in global seafaring. Qualitative analysis are also employed to explore the impacts of fatigue on seafarer’s occupational health and safety.

The Application of E-learning and Distance Learning Technologies to Crew Education and Training in the Russian Federation

The article examines the world experience of e-learning as well as distance education technologies within the education process organization on higher and post-higher education programs.There have been listed the results of the most popular e-learning platforms analysis.Furthermore,there have been looked through the core legislative background of the development of the mentioned technologies in Russia and worldwide among the universities,specialized in seafarers training.There have been also drawn up the points of the Admiral Makarov State University of Maritime and Inland Shipping(Admiral Makarov SUMIS)design of the distance education system LMS"FARWATER"in compliance with the International Convention on Standards of Training,Certification and Watchkeeping for Seafarers(STCW Convention).The practical application of distance education system to the advanced professional training has been discussed in the article.

A review of the physiological and psychological health and wellbeing of naval service personnel and the modalities used for monitoring

Naval cohorts rely heavily on personnel to ensure the efficient running of naval organisations. As such, the wellbeing of personnel is essential. In an occupational setting, naval service personnel experience a variety of physiological and psychological stressors. Most naval services arrange annual physical fitness and body composition tests to ensure the physical readiness of personnel. However, these tests only evaluate a small amount of physiological capabilities. Components such as aerobic and strength capabilities are assessed, however, other components of physical fitness such as speed, agility, anaerobic capacity and flexibility are not. In addition to the physical capabilities, personnel are impacted by fatigue, nutrition and psychological stressors such as copping in stressful situations or dealing with time away from family and friends. This review will discuss the physiological and psychological factors that affect personnel's wellbeing. In addition to this, it will also evaluate the methods that are used to assess both physiological and psychological wellbeing.

Maritime Command-Language: Understanding Its Role in the Global Seafaring Profession among Maritime Youth in the Philippines

In this study, the researchers categorized the different maritime command-language (words and expressions) used on-board by young Filipino officers and seafarers employed at the different foreign shipping companies in the country and abroad. The paper also ascertained the importance of maritime language in the global seafaring profession of maritime youth in the Philippines. The respondents of the present study were the young officers and seafarers of the maritime university, specifically, John B. Lacson Foundation Maritime University-Molo, Iloilo City, Philippines. Quantitative and qualitative mode of data collection was employed by the researchers. A researcher-made data gathering instrument was used to capture the necessary data in understanding the role of maritime language in the global seafaring profession. Sample utterances were gathered from the respondents and were subject to corresponding statistical interpretation. Qualitative information, comments, and remarks were utilized in this study to showcase the importance of maritime language in the profession of young officers and seafarers as graduates of leading global supplier in the international maritime industry.