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Exploring the Intersection of Spirituality and Religion:Transcendence,Secularism,and Personal Beliefs in Contemporary Society
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作者 Jannie Qimo Zhang 《Cultural and Religious Studies》 2024年第8期546-550,共5页
This paper explores the intersection of spirituality and religion,focusing on how transcendence,secularism,and personal beliefs shape contemporary spiritual practices.It examines the philosophical foundations of trans... This paper explores the intersection of spirituality and religion,focusing on how transcendence,secularism,and personal beliefs shape contemporary spiritual practices.It examines the philosophical foundations of transcendence,the rise of existentialism,and the distinction between spirituality and religion.Secularism's role in fostering personal spirituality and reducing religious authority is discussed,alongside the psychological and societal impacts of spiritual transcendence.The paper also critiques the limitations of spirituality,emphasizing the need for a balanced approach that integrates cognitive development and mental health perspectives. 展开更多
关键词 SPIRITUALITY TRANSCENDENCE SECULARISM EXISTENTIALISM Personal Belief
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Identity(ies)and Transnationalization of Brazilian Evangelical Churches in Portugal:Case study of World Cathedral of Hope and Victory in Christ Churches
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作者 Jonas Pereira de Oliveira Júnior 《Cultural and Religious Studies》 2024年第3期133-145,共13页
The presence of evangelicals in Brazil is a social and religious phenomenon that has aroused interest of many scholars due to its rapid and significant expansion in recent decades and its projection beyond national bo... The presence of evangelicals in Brazil is a social and religious phenomenon that has aroused interest of many scholars due to its rapid and significant expansion in recent decades and its projection beyond national borders.Among evangelical denominations that stand out in this scenario are Pentecostal churches,which have developed intense missionary activity in several countries,including Europe.In this article,we intend to analyze features and challenges of Brazilian evangelical churches:World Cathedral of Hope(CIME)(Catedral Mundial da Esperança-ICME)and Assembly of God Victory in Christ(ADVEC)(Assembleia de Deus Vitória em Cristo-ADVEC)that operate in Portugal,seeking to understand issues of identity and belonging of these communities,their models of transnationalization,its evangelization strategies and its adaptations to Portuguese context,in the period from 2000 to 2020. 展开更多
关键词 IDENTITY transnationalization SECULARIZATION Brazilian migration
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The Symbiosis of Sacred Space and Secular Experience-Reflecting on Ethnographic Filming
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作者 LU Fangfang 《Cultural and Religious Studies》 2023年第10期486-492,共7页
Based on the experience of ethnographic filming,this article outlines the dynamic process of the protection and development of Baima Tibetan traditional villages with the help of iconic descriptions of Baima Tibetans... Based on the experience of ethnographic filming,this article outlines the dynamic process of the protection and development of Baima Tibetan traditional villages with the help of iconic descriptions of Baima Tibetans’daily lives and sacrificial activities,and explores how Baima Tibetans inherit their culture while adapting to social development with imagery means during rural revitalization,and how the locals integrate sacred space and secular experience in order to construct their own cultural symbols for the sake of embracing the new era.As far as anthropology-ethnographic descriptions of embodiment are concerned,traditional text research has limitations.In comparison,video graphic anthropology has natural advantages.Its advantages not only lie in the means of images,but also lie in the ability to connect the“sense of things”,mind and nature,realizing the interaction between mind and things,and mentality and object.The visual ethnography is an important research method for anthropological research to enter the world of his other.This is also an important way to describe the integration and symbiosis of local subjectivity,local sacred space,and secular experience. 展开更多
关键词 sacredness secularity visual ethnography
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Dynamic mode decomposition of the geomagnetic field over the last two decades 被引量:1
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作者 JuYuan Xu YuFeng Lin 《Earth and Planetary Physics》 EI CSCD 2023年第1期32-38,共7页
Earth’s magnetic field,which is generated in the liquid outer core through the dynamo action,undergoes changes on timescales of a few years to several million years,yet the underlying mechanisms responsible for the f... Earth’s magnetic field,which is generated in the liquid outer core through the dynamo action,undergoes changes on timescales of a few years to several million years,yet the underlying mechanisms responsible for the field variations remain to be elucidated.In this study,we apply a novel data analysis technique developed in fluid dynamics,namely the dynamic mode decomposition,to analyze the geomagnetic variations over the last two decades when continuous satellite observations are available.The dominant dynamic modes are extracted by solving an eigen-value problem,so one can identify modes with periods longer than the time span of data.Our analysis show that similar dynamic modes are extracted from the geomagnetic secular variation and secular acceleration,justifying the validity of applying the dynamic mode decomposition method to geomagnetic field.We reveal that the geomagnetic field variations are characterized by a global mode with period of 58 years,a localized mode with period of 16 years and an equatorially trapped mode with period of 8.5 years.These modes are possibly related to magnetohydrodynamic waves in the Earth’s outer core. 展开更多
关键词 geomagnetic field secular variation dynamic mode decomposition GEODYNAMO
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The study of geomagnetic jerk from 2010 to 2021 based on hourly mean data from global geomagnetic observatories
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作者 YiJun Li Yan Feng +3 位作者 SuQin Zhang Shuang Liu JinYuan Zhang GuanChun Wei 《Earth and Planetary Physics》 EI CSCD 2023年第1期39-48,共10页
The secular variation in the global geomagnetic field was analyzed in terms of the annual differences in monthly means by using the hourly mean data from 18 foreign(outside China)observatories of the World Data Center... The secular variation in the global geomagnetic field was analyzed in terms of the annual differences in monthly means by using the hourly mean data from 18 foreign(outside China)observatories of the World Data Center(WDC)for Geomagnetism from January 2010 to January 2020 as well as 9 observatories in the Geomagnetic Network of China from January 2015 to April 2021.In addition,according to the correlation of noisy components from the observatories,a covariance matrix was constructed based on residuals between observations and the CHAOS-7.4 model to remove external contamination.Through a comparison before and after denoising,we found that the overall average standard deviations were reduced by 29.97%in China and by 41.4%outside China.Results showed the correlation coefficient between external noise(mainly the magnetosphere ring current)and the Dst index was 0.82,and the correlation coefficient between external noise and the Ring Current(RC)index reached 0.94.A geomagnetic jerk was globally discovered around 2018.0 on the geomagnetic eastward component Y.The jerk timing in China was around 2020.0,and the earliest one was in2018.75,whereas the timing outside China was around 2018.0,and the earliest one was in 2017.67.This 2-year lag may have been caused by the higher electrical conductivity of the deep mantle.After more data were added,this jerk event was found to occur in an orderly manner in the northern hemisphere as the longitude increased and the intensity gradually increased as well.The variations in location of the jerk center were analyzed according to the CHAOS-7.4 model.Results revealed six extreme points distributed nearby the equator.The strongest was near the equator,at 170°E,and the strength gradually decreased as it extended to the northern and southern hemispheres.Another extreme point with the opposite sign was located at the equator,at 20°W,in the south-central part of the Atlantic,and the strength gradually decreased as it extended into Europe.The covariance matrix method can be used to analyze data from the Macao Science Satellite-1 mission in the future,and this method is expected to play a positive role in modeling and separating the large-scale external field. 展开更多
关键词 geomagnetic field secular variation JERK covariance matrix
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Analysis of the Orbitation and Rotation of Celestial Bodies
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作者 Gabriel Barceló 《Journal of Applied Mathematics and Physics》 2023年第9期2765-2774,共10页
We have developed a structure of dynamic knowledge for non-inertial systems, the so-called Theory of Dynamic Interactions (TDI) as a part of non-inertial dynamic knowledge, which incorporates a causal demonstration of... We have developed a structure of dynamic knowledge for non-inertial systems, the so-called Theory of Dynamic Interactions (TDI) as a part of non-inertial dynamic knowledge, which incorporates a causal demonstration of phenomena accelerated by rotation, which would complement Classical Mechanics. We believe that the TDI mathematical model that we propose is of great conceptual importance. In addition, we think that it is not only necessary to understand the dynamics of rotating bodies, but also to understand the dynamics of the cosmos, with bodies that orbit and with constantly recurring movements, which make possible systems that have been in dynamic equilibrium for centuries and are not in a process of unlimited expansion. We even believe that this new dynamic theory allows us a better understanding of our universe, and the matter from which it is made. 展开更多
关键词 Rotational Dynamics Dynamic Interactions Accelerated by Rotation Dynamics of Rotating Dynamics of the Cosmos Dynamic Equilibrium Secular Dynamic Equilibrium Behavior of Rotating Bodies Moments
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Uranium Series Disequilibrium and Precision Measurement of Radionuclides Activity in Sediment Sample Using Low Background Gamma Spectrometry
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作者 Abdul J. Khan Umme-Farzana Syed +1 位作者 Amy L. Roselan Cynthia A. Costello 《Journal of Geoscience and Environment Protection》 2023年第10期119-140,共22页
Low background gamma spectrometry was used to measure the radionuclides activity of <sup>238</sup>U, <sup>232</sup>Th, and <sup>235</sup>U series as well as <sup>40</sup>... Low background gamma spectrometry was used to measure the radionuclides activity of <sup>238</sup>U, <sup>232</sup>Th, and <sup>235</sup>U series as well as <sup>40</sup>K and <sup>137</sup>Cs in a sediment sample. The goal of the study was to measure the <sup>238</sup>U (63.3 keV peak of <sup>234</sup>Th;1001 keV peak of <sup>234m</sup>Pa) and <sup>235</sup>U (143.76 keV, 163.33 keV, and 205.31 keV peaks) activity by low background gamma spectrometry in sediment sample. <sup>235</sup>U activity in environmental samples is difficult to accurately measure by gamma spectrometry due to its low abundance in nature and low gamma line intensities at 143.76 keV, 163.33 keV, and 205.31 keV. We have shown that by using low background gamma spectrometry, it is possible to accurately measure the <sup>235</sup>U activity in sediment samples. The <sup>235</sup>U activity was measured without using the major peak of 185.7 keV (I<sub>γ</sub> = 57.2%) which requires interference correction from 186.21 keV of <sup>226</sup>Ra. <sup>226</sup>Ra activity was determined by measuring <sup>222</sup>Rn daughters (<sup>214</sup>Pb and <sup>214</sup>Bi). The precision and accuracy of the gamma activity measurement in the sediment sample were verified by using the HPGe detectors with Certified Reference Material (CRM) Irish Sea Sediment (IAEA-385). The results obtained for the 63.33 keV energy line of <sup>234</sup>Th are compared with the 1001 keV energy line of <sup>234m</sup>Pa. The values of <sup>238</sup>U and <sup>235</sup>U activities, as well as <sup>40</sup>K, <sup>137</sup>Cs, and <sup>226</sup>Ra, agreed with the certificate values of CRM. The results show that the <sup>238</sup>U is in equilibrium with its daughters (<sup>234</sup>Th, <sup>234m</sup>Pa, and <sup>210</sup>Pb). <sup>232</sup>Th is also in equilibrium with its daughters (<sup>228</sup>Ra, <sup>212</sup>Pb, <sup>212</sup>Bi and <sup>208</sup>Tl). <sup>235</sup>U/<sup>238</sup>U activity ratio of 0.046 ± 0.007 in the sediment is constant in nature but fluctuates due to geological processes. A value of 0.055 ± 0.008 was found in our sediment sample. 展开更多
关键词 Low Background Gamma Spectrometry HPGe Detector SEDIMENT 238U 235U Secular Equilibrium
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Secular Change in Stature of Urban Chinese Children and Adolescents, 1985-2010 被引量:8
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作者 CHEN Tian Jiao JI Cheng Ye 《Biomedical and Environmental Sciences》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2013年第1期13-22,共10页
Objective Research evidence shows a secular trend in Chinese physical growth in recent years.The aim of this study was to analyze and assess changes in stature of children and adolescents during the 25 years from 1985... Objective Research evidence shows a secular trend in Chinese physical growth in recent years.The aim of this study was to analyze and assess changes in stature of children and adolescents during the 25 years from 1985‐2010,using national data.Methods Data came from successive cycles of the Chinese National Survey on Students' Constitution and Health(CNSSCH).Subjects were 7‐ to 18‐year‐old children and adolescents.Results An overall positive secular trend occurred in urban China during 1985‐2010.The overall average rates of increment were 2.4 and 1.7 cm/decade for boys and girls,respectively.Total increases in adult stature for boys and girls were 2.6 and 1.7 cm,yielding rates of 1.0 and 0.7 cm/decade,respectively.Cities with different socioeconomic levels had different characteristic trends.Mean stature increases in big cities were larger than those in moderate and small cities,and boys and girls in moderate and small cities showed greater potential for growth in stature.Conclusion An overall positive secular growth trend was associated with socioeconomic progress and differed with area socioeconomic levels.School policies and strategies should be developed based on increased stature,and should continue narrowing the inequity between different socioeconomic populations. 展开更多
关键词 Secular change STATURE GROWTH Socioeconomic disparity Children and adolescents
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Global Sea Level Change and Thermal Contribution 被引量:9
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作者 ZUO Juncheng ZHANG Jianli +2 位作者 DU Ling LI Peiliang LI Lei 《Journal of Ocean University of China》 SCIE CAS 2009年第1期1-8,共8页
The global long-term sea level trend is obtained from the analysis of tide gauge data and TOPEX/Poseidon data. The linear trend of global mean sea level is highly non-uniform spatially, with an average rate of 2.2 mmy... The global long-term sea level trend is obtained from the analysis of tide gauge data and TOPEX/Poseidon data. The linear trend of global mean sea level is highly non-uniform spatially, with an average rate of 2.2 mmyear^-1 in T/P sea-level rise from October 1992 to September 2002. Sea level change due to temperature variation (the thermosteric sea level) is discussed. The results are compared with TOPEX/Poseidon altimeter data in the same temporal span at different spatial scales. It is indicated that the thermal effect accounts for 86% and 73% of the observed seasonal variability in the northern and southern hemispheres, respectively. The TOPEX/Poseidon observed sea level lags behind the TSL by 2 months in the zonal band of 40%-60% in both the northern and southern hemispheres. Systematic differences of about 1-2 cm between TOPEX/Poseidon observations and thermosteric sea level data are obtained. The potential causes tbr these differences include water exchange among the atmosphere, land, and oceans, and some possible deviations in thermosteric contribution estimates and geophysical corrections to the TOPEX/Poseidon data. 展开更多
关键词 global sea level seasonal variation secular change thermosteric sea-level
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Secular Changes on the Distribution of Body Mass Index among Chinese Children and Adolescents, 1985-2010 被引量:9
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作者 JI Cheng Ye CHEN Tian Jiao SUN Xiao 《Biomedical and Environmental Sciences》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2013年第7期520-530,共11页
Objective To analyze the change in Body Mass Index (BMI) distribution among Chinese children and adolescents for the development of more effective intervention for childhood obesity. Methods Data on the national stu... Objective To analyze the change in Body Mass Index (BMI) distribution among Chinese children and adolescents for the development of more effective intervention for childhood obesity. Methods Data on the national students' constitution and health survey between 1985 and 2010 was used for this study. Subjects were students aged 7-18 randomly selected from 30 provinces in China. BMI for-age curves were developed by LMS method, and the trend of BMI distribution was determined by comparing the upper BMI percentiles and analyzing the skew shift of distribution between 2985 and 2010. Results An overall positive swift trend of BMI between 1985 and 2010 was observed among the Chinese school-age children and adolescents. The average median of the BMI increased from 16.8 and 17.0 ks/m2 to 18.2 and 17.9 kg/m2 in 25 years, with increments 0.56 and 0.36 kg/m2 per decade for males and females, respectively. The more obvious increments were found at the high BMI. The total increments of BMI in this period were 4.03 and 2.20 kg/m2 at the 85th, 6.24 and 3.57 kg/m2 at the 95th, and 6.99 and 4.27 kg/m2 at the 97th percentiles, for males and females, respectively. Conclusion Obvious increments were observed at high BMI of the Chinese children and adolescents. More effective interventions should be taken for control and prevention of obesity and its health consequence for these subgroups. It is necessary to establish a risk-complex system consisting of the identification of BMI scope, the screen of the disease risk factors and the assessment of excessive adiposity. 展开更多
关键词 Body mass index OBESITY Chinese School-age children Secular growth changes
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Secular trends in incidence of lung cancer by histological type in Beijing, China, 2000-2016 被引量:6
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作者 Lei Yang Ning Wang +5 位作者 Yannan Yuan Shuo Liu Huichao Li Jing Tian Jiafu Ji Aiguo Ren 《Chinese Journal of Cancer Research》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2019年第2期306-315,共10页
Objective: The objective of this study was to characterize secular trends in the sex-specific, age-standardized incidence of lung cancer by histological type in Beijing, China, from 2000 to 2016 based on data from a p... Objective: The objective of this study was to characterize secular trends in the sex-specific, age-standardized incidence of lung cancer by histological type in Beijing, China, from 2000 to 2016 based on data from a populationbased cancer registry.Methods: Data on the incidence of cancer from 2000 to 2016 were obtained from the Beijing Cancer Registry.We examined trends in the sex-specific, age-standardized incidence of lung cancer by histological type using a Joinpoint regression model.Results: A total of 117,409 cases of lung cancer were diagnosed from 2000 to 2016. Overall, 73,062(62.23%)patients were males. The most common histological type among both sexes was adenocarcinoma; however, the proportion of adenocarcinoma differed significantly between males and females(45.36% vs. 77.14%, respectively,P<0.0001). The age-standardized incidence of total lung cancer increased from 2000 to 2010 with an annual percent change(APC) of 2.2% [95% confidence interval(95% CI), 1.5% to 2.9%] and stabilized thereafter. Among males, the incidence of total lung cancer peaked in 2008 and then decreased slightly, with an APC of-1.1%(95%CI,-2.1% to-0.1%). Among females, the incidence increased continuously during the study period, with an APC of 1.4%(95% CI, 0.9% to 1.9%). The incidence of squamous cell carcinoma decreased significantly in recent years among both sexes, with APCs of-2.6%(95% CI,-4.5% to-0.6%) from 2007 to 2016 for males and-5.4%(95%CI,-7.2% to-3.6%) from 2004 to 2016 for females. In contrast, the incidence of adenocarcinoma increased continuously throughout the study period, by APCs of 4.0%(95% CI, 2.6% to 5.4%) for males and 6.2%(95% CI,4.8% to 7.6%) for females. The incidence of small cell carcinoma peaked in 2007 and stabilized thereafter among males, whereas it peaked in 2012 and then decreased with an APC of-14.7%(95% CI,-25.3% to-2.6%) among females. The incidence of large cell carcinoma and other specified malignant neoplasm did not change much,whereas the incidence of unspecified type decreased among both sexes during the study period.Conclusions: Although the incidence of squamous cell carcinoma decreased significantly among both sexes in recent years in Beijing, China, adenocarcinoma increased continuously throughout the study period among both sexes. Knowledge of differences in trends is useful for surveillance and control of lung cancer. However, the reason for the increase in adenocarcinoma remains unclear and warrants investigation. 展开更多
关键词 LUNG CANCER SECULAR trends INCIDENCE BEIJING CANCER registration
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Secular Changes of Stature in Rural Children and Adolescents in China, 1985-2010 被引量:8
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作者 CHEN Tian Jiao JI Cheng Ye 《Biomedical and Environmental Sciences》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2014年第8期573-581,共9页
Objective To analyze and assess secular change in stature in rural children and adolescents in China from 1985 to 2010. Methods Data were obtained from the 6 rounds of the Chinese National Survey on Student's Constit... Objective To analyze and assess secular change in stature in rural children and adolescents in China from 1985 to 2010. Methods Data were obtained from the 6 rounds of the Chinese National Survey on Student's Constitution and Health. The subjects enrolled in the study were children and adolescents aged 7-18 years in rural areas of provincial capitals. Results An overall positive secular trend in stature occurred in rural areas of provincial capitals in China from 1985 to 2010. The overall average increase rates were 3.1 and 2.4 cm/decade for boys and girls, respectively. The total body height increases for grown up boys and girls were 3.6 and 2.3 cm and the increase rates were 1.4 and 0.9 cm/decade, respectively. There were differences in body height increase among eastern, central and western regions. The average body height of the children or adolescents in eastern region was highest, followed by central region and western region. The overall increase rates in central region were highest among the three regions. The difference between eastern/central region and western region was obvious. 〈br〉 Conclusion Positive secular trend in stature of children or adolescents has occurred in rural area of China, and rural boys and girls showed a great potential for continuous growth. More attention should be paid to the differences in children's body height between western region and eastern/central region. 展开更多
关键词 Secular change STATURE Rural population Regional difference Child and adolescent
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On the correlation of nonlinear variables containing secular trend variations: numerical experiments 被引量:6
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作者 施能 易燕明 +1 位作者 顾骏强 夏冬冬 《Chinese Physics B》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2006年第9期2180-2184,共5页
Due to global warming, the general circulation, underlying surfaces characteristics, and geophysical and meteorological elements all show evident secular trends. This paper points out that when calculating the correla... Due to global warming, the general circulation, underlying surfaces characteristics, and geophysical and meteorological elements all show evident secular trends. This paper points out that when calculating the correlation of two variables containing their own obvious secular trends, the interannual correlation characteristics between the two variables may be distorted (overestimated or underestimated). Numerical experiments in this paper show that if two variables have opposite secular trends, the correlation coefficient between the two variables is reduced (the positive correlation is underestimated, or the negative correlation is overestimated); and if the two variables have the same sign of secular trends, the correlation coefficient between the two variables is increased (the positive correlation is overestimated, or the negative correlation is underestimated). Numerical experiments also suggest that the effect of secular trends on the interannual correlation of the two variables is interchangeable, that is to say, as long as the values of the two trends are not changed, the two variables interchange their positions, and the effect of the secular trends on the interannual correlation coefficient of the two variables remains the same. If the two variables have the same-(opposite-) sign trends, the effect of secular trends on the interannal correlation coefficient is more (less) distinctive. A meteorological example is given. 展开更多
关键词 correlation analysis secular trend trend coefficient numerical experiment
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Exploring the metamorphic consequences of secular change in the siliciclastic compositions of continental margins 被引量:3
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作者 Gautier Nicoli Brendan Dyck 《Geoscience Frontiers》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2018年第4期967-975,共9页
Shale and greywacke compositions from the Archean to Phanerozoic record a secular change in the siliciclastic material that comprises much of Earth's continental margins, past and present. This study explores the met... Shale and greywacke compositions from the Archean to Phanerozoic record a secular change in the siliciclastic material that comprises much of Earth's continental margins, past and present. This study explores the metamorphic consequence of these compositional changes, by comparing phase equilibrium models constructed for average Archean, Proterozoic, and Phanerozoic shale and greywacke compositions equilibrated along two Barrovian-type geotherms: 1330℃/GPa(A) and 800 ℃/GPa(B). Our models show that Archean siliciclastic rocks can retain up to 4 vol.% water at middle to lower crustal conditions, nearly twice that of Proterozoic and Phanerozoic compositions. The increased ferromagnesium content of Archean siliciclastic rocks stabilizes chlorite to higher temperatures and results in a biotite-rich assemblage at solidus temperatures. Accordingly, water-absent biotite dehydration melting is predicted to play a greater role in the generation of melt in the metamorphism of Archean aged units,and water-absent muscovite dehydration melting is of increasing importance through the Proterozoic and Phanerozoic. This secular variation in predicted mineral assemblages demonstrates the care with which metamorphic facies diagrams should be applied to Archean compositions. Moreover, secular changes in the composition of shale and greywacke is reflected in the evolution of anatectic melt towards an increasingly less viscous, Ca-rich, and Mg-poor monzogranite. 展开更多
关键词 Secular change Shale GREYWACKE Dehydration melting Thermodynamic modelling Perple_X
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The Influence of Secular Trends in Body Height and Weight on the Prevalence of Overweight and Obesity among Chinese Children and Adolescents 被引量:3
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作者 FU Lian Guo SUN Li Li +6 位作者 WU Shao Wei YANG Yi De LI Xiao Hui WANG Zheng He WU Lu WANG Fu Zhi MA Jun 《Biomedical and Environmental Sciences》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2016年第12期849-857,共9页
Objective To explore the influence of secular trends in body height and weight on the prevalence of overweight and obesity among Chinese children and adolescents. Methods The data were obtained from five cross-section... Objective To explore the influence of secular trends in body height and weight on the prevalence of overweight and obesity among Chinese children and adolescents. Methods The data were obtained from five cross-sectional Chinese National Surveys on Students' Constitution and Health. Overweight/obesity was defined as BMI-for-age Z-score of per the Wold Health Organization (WHO) reference values. Body height and weight for each sex and age were standardized to those reported in 1985 (standardized height" SHY, standardized weight: SWY) and for each sex and year at age 7 (standardized height: SHA; standardized weight: SWA) using the Z-score method. Results The prevalence of overweight/obesity in Chinese children was 20.2% among boys and 10.7% among girls in 2010 and increased continuously from 1985 to 2010. Among boys and girls of normal weight, SHY and SHA were significantly greater than SWY and SWA, respectively (P 〈 0.001). Among boys and girls with overweight/obesity, SHY was significantly lower than SWY (P 〈 0.001), and showed an obvious decreasing trend after age 12. SHA was lower than SWA among overweight boys aged 7-8 years and girls aged 7-9 years. SHY/SHW and SHA/SWA among normal-weight groups were greater than among overweight and obese groups (P 〈 0.001). Conclusion The continuous increase in the prevalence of overweight/obesity among Chinese children may be related to a rapid increase in body weight before age 9 and lack of secular increase in body height after age 12. 展开更多
关键词 OBESITY CHILDREN Secular trends Body height Body weight
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Physical Growth of Children in Urban,Suburban and Rural China's Mainland:A Study of 20 Years' Change 被引量:3
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作者 LI Hui ZONG XinNan +1 位作者 ZHANG Jing ZHU ZongHan 《Biomedical and Environmental Sciences》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2011年第1期1-11,共11页
Objective To describe secular trends on physical growth of children in China during the year of 1985‐2005 and to analyze the urban‐suburban‐rural difference and its change. Methods The measurements of height, weigh... Objective To describe secular trends on physical growth of children in China during the year of 1985‐2005 and to analyze the urban‐suburban‐rural difference and its change. Methods The measurements of height, weight and chest circumference obtained from two serial national cross‐sectional surveys for children aged 0 to 7 years in China were used to analyze the secular trends, and the growth differences among urban, suburban and rural children were compared. Results The average weight and height for both boys and girls from urban, suburban and rural areas have significantly increased in most age groups during the past 20 years; The average chest circumference increased slightly, ranging from 0.0 to 2.0 cm. From 1985 to 2005, the urban‐suburban difference in height had become smaller, and that in weight showed similar trend for children under 3 years old but became larger after 3 years old; the suburban‐rural difference both in height and weight became larger after 6 months old. The increment per decade in height was the greatest in the suburban group while the greatest increment in weight was the urban group. Conclusion Positive secular trends were observed among urban, suburban and rural areas in Chinese children under 7 years old during the 1980s and the 2000s, reflecting a rapid socio‐economic development in China. 展开更多
关键词 Growth Secular trends HEIGHT WEIGHT Chest circumference
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Diabetes but not insulin is associated with higher colon cancer mortality 被引量:3
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作者 Chin-Hsiao Tseng 《World Journal of Gastroenterology》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2012年第31期4182-4190,共9页
AIM: To evaluate whether diabetic patients had a higher risk of colon cancer mortality and its associated risk factors. METHODS: The sex-specific crude and age-standard- ized (to the 2000 World Health Organization ... AIM: To evaluate whether diabetic patients had a higher risk of colon cancer mortality and its associated risk factors. METHODS: The sex-specific crude and age-standard- ized (to the 2000 World Health Organization popula- tion) mortality rates of colon cancer in the Taiwan Residents general population were first calculated from 1995 to 2006. The trends were evaluated by linear regression. A total of 113 347 diabetic men and 131 573 diabetic women aged ~〉 25 years at recruitment from 1995 to 1998 were followed up until the end of 2006. Age/sex- specific colon cancer mortality rate ratios were cal- culated comparing the mortality rates of the diabetic patients with the average mortality rates of the general population within 12 years (1995-2006). A sub-cohort of diabetic patients (42 260 men and 49 405 women) was interviewed using a baseline questionnaire and Cox's regression was used to evaluate the risk factors for colon cancer mortality in these diabetic patients.RESULTS: The crude and age-standardized trends of colon cancer mortality from 1995 to 2006 increased significantly for both sexes in the general population. A total of 641 diabetic men and 573 diabetic women died of colon cancer, with a mortality rate of 74.4 and 54.3 per 100 000 person-years, respectively. Mortality rate ratios [95% confidence intervals (CIs)] showed a significantly higher risk of mortality from colon can- cer for the diabetic patients compared to the general population, with the magnitude increasing with de- creasing age: 1.65 (1.40-1.95), 2.01 (1.78-2.27), 2.75 (2.36-3.21) and 5.69 (4.65-6.96) for /〉 75, 65-74, 55-64 and 25-54 years old, respectively, for men; and 1.46 (1.24-1.72), 2.09 (1.84-2.38), 2.67 (2.27-3.14) and 3.05 (2.29-4.06), respectively, for women. Among the sub-cohort of diabetic patients who had been in- terviewed with the baseline questionnaire, including information on age, sex, diabetes duration, diabe- tes type, body mass index, smoking, insulin use and area of residence, age and smoking were significantly predictive for colon cancer mortality, with respec- tive adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) (95% CIs) of 1.077 (1.066-1.088) and 1.384 (1.068-1.792). Diabetes dura- tion became a significant factor when those who died of colon cancer within 5 years of diabetes diagnosis were excluded to minimize the possible contamination of diabetes caused by incipient colon cancer, with an adjusted hazard ratio of 1.021 (1.007-1.034). Sex, dia- betes type, insulin use, body mass index and area of residence were not significant predictors for colon can- cer mortality in the diabetic patients. Although insulin use was categorized into subgroups of duration of use (non-users and users 〈 5 years, 5-9 years and i〉 10 years), none of the HRs for colon cancer mortality was significant with regards to different durations of insulin use. CONCLUSION: Colon cancer mortality is increasing in Taiwan. A higher risk is observed in diabetic patients. Smoking, but not insulin use, is a modifiable risk factor. 展开更多
关键词 Colon cancer Diabetes mellitus MORTALITY Secular trend
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Geomagnetic jerk extraction based on the covariance matrix 被引量:3
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作者 Feng Yan Jiang Yun-Shan +3 位作者 Gu Jia-Lin Xu Fan Jiang Yi Liu Shuang 《Applied Geophysics》 SCIE CSCD 2019年第2期153-159,252,共8页
We normalize data from 43 Chinese observatories and select data from ten Chinese observatories with most continuous records to assess the secular variations(SVs)and geomagnetic jerks by calculating the deviations betw... We normalize data from 43 Chinese observatories and select data from ten Chinese observatories with most continuous records to assess the secular variations(SVs)and geomagnetic jerks by calculating the deviations between annual observed and CHAOS-6 model monthly means.The variations in the north,east,and vertical eigendirections are studied by using the covariance matrix of the residuals,and we find that the vertical direction is strongly affected by magnetospheric ring currents.To obtain noise-free data,we rely on the covariance matrix of the residuals to remove the noise contributions from the largest eigenvalue or vectors owing to ring currents.Finally,we compare the data from the ten Chinese observatories to seven European observatories.Clearly,the covariance matrix method can simulate the SVs of Dst,the jerk of the northward component in 2014 and that of the eastward component in 2003.5 in China are highly agree with that of Vertically downward component in Europe,compare to CHAOS-6,covariance matrix method can show more details of SVs. 展开更多
关键词 Geomagnetic field secular variation covariance matrix JERK CHAOS-6
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Earth rotation deceleration/acceleration due to semidiurnal oceanic/atmospheric tides:Revisited with new calculation 被引量:1
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作者 Sung-Ho Na Wenbin Shen +5 位作者 Jungho Cho Kiweon Seo Young-Hong Shin Kwan-Dong Park Kookyoun Youm Sung-Moon Yoo 《Geodesy and Geodynamics》 2019年第1期37-41,共5页
The global oceanic/atmospheric tides exert decelerating/accelerating secular torques on the Earth rotation. We developed new formulations to accurately calculate amounts of two kinds of secular tidal torques. After Me... The global oceanic/atmospheric tides exert decelerating/accelerating secular torques on the Earth rotation. We developed new formulations to accurately calculate amounts of two kinds of secular tidal torques. After Melchior, we found that an additional factor 1+k-l = 1.216, which has been formerly neglected, must be multiplied unto the tidal torque integral. By using our refined formulations and the recent oceanic/atmospheric global tide models, we found that:(i) semidiurnal oceanic lunar/solar tides exert decelerating torques of about-4.462 × 10^(16)/-0.676 × 10^(16) Nm respectively and(ii) atmospheric S_2 tide exerts accelerating torque of 1.55 × 10^(15) Nm. Former estimates of the atmospheric S_2 tidal torque were twice as large as our estimate due to improper consideration of loading effect. We took the load Love number for atmospheric loading effect from Guo et al.(2004). For atmospheric loading of spherical harmonic degree two, the value of k′=-0.6031 is different from that for ocean loading as k′ =-0.3052,while the latter is currently used for both cases-ocean/atmospheric loading-without distinction. We discuss(i) the amount of solid Earth tidal dissipation(which has been left most uncertain) and(ii) secular changes of the dynamical state of the Earth-Moon-Sun system. Our estimate of the solid Earth tidal torque is-4.94×10^(15) Nm. 展开更多
关键词 Earth rotation OCEANIC and atmospheric TIDES TIDAL torque SECULAR DECELERATION and ACCELERATION
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Compensating for excess micromotion of ion crystals 被引量:1
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作者 杜丽军 陈婷 +6 位作者 宋红芳 陈邵龙 李海霞 黄垚 童昕 管桦 高克林 《Chinese Physics B》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2015年第8期311-316,共6页
A new method of compensating for the excess micromotion along two directions in three-dimensional Coulomb crystals is reported in this paper; this method is based on shape control and optical imaging of a Coulomb crys... A new method of compensating for the excess micromotion along two directions in three-dimensional Coulomb crystals is reported in this paper; this method is based on shape control and optical imaging of a Coulomb crystal in a sectioned linear ion trap. The characteristic parameters, such as the ion numbers, temperatures, and geometric factors of different ion crystals are extracted from the images and secular motion excitation spectra. The method of controlling the shape of the ion crystals can be used in cold ion experiments, such as sympathetically cooling, structural phase transitions,and selective-control of ions, etc. 展开更多
关键词 ion crystals excess micromotion secular motion exciting
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