基于BP-ANN和Sellars模型的镍基高温合金晶粒长大行为表征及其比较

为了深入理解Ni80A的晶粒长大行为,在不同温度(1223~1423 K)和不同保温时间(0~3600 s)下进行一系列的晶粒长大实验。基于实验数据,建立BP神经网络并求解Sellars模型。使用4个统计指标比较和评价这两个模型的预测与泛化能力。结果表明,所建立的BP神经网络具有更高的r值、更低的AARE值、更低的绝对μ值和ω值。最后,基于求解的BP神经网络扩展的数据建立平均晶粒尺寸对保温温度和保温时间的响应面,并描述晶粒的长大行为。

Sellar Chordoma Presenting as Pseudo-macroprolactinoma with Unilateral Third Cranial Nerve Palsy

We described a 61-year-old female with a sellar chordoma, which presented as pseudo-macroprolactinoma with unilateral third cranial nerve palsy. Physical examination revealed that her right upper lid could not be raised by itself, right eyeball movement limited to the abduction direction, right pupil dilated to 4.5 mm with negative reaction to light, and hemianopsia in bitemporal sides. CT scanning showed a hyperdense lesion at sellar region without bone destruction. Magnetic resonance imaging （MRI） revealed the tumor was 2.3 cmx2.8 cmx2.6 cm, with iso-intensity on TlWl, hyper-intensity on T2WI and heterogeneous enhancement on contrast imaging. Endocrine examination showed her serum prolactin level increased to 2,032.49 mlU/ml. The tumor was sub-totally resected via pterional craniotomy under microscope and was histologically proven to be a chordoma. Postoperatively, she recovered uneventfully but ptosis and hemianopsia remained at the 6th month.

Evaluation of Empty Nose Syndrome Scores in Patients Undergoing Extended Endoscopic Transnasal Sellar Surgery

Background: Several large series have established endoscopic transnasal sellar surgery as the procedure of choice for removal of tumors in the sellar area. Although this procedure provides a less invasive approach to the sella, it entails complications such as nasal bleeding, impaired olfactory function, atrophic rhinitis, synechiae, etc. No studies have yet reported potential morbidities such as empty nose syndrome (ENS), although patients have a relatively empty nasal cavity after surgery. Therefore, we sought to verify the percentage of patients who truly met the diagnostic criteria for ENS after endoscopic transnasal sellar surgery, determine the variation between pre- and postoperative scores in each Empty Nose Syndrome 6-Item Questionnaire (ENS6Q) item, and further evaluate the symptoms that may affect the patients the most after surgery. Methods: Between March 2015 and January 2019, eventually 11 patients who underwent extended endoscopic transnasal sellar surgery in Shin Kong Wu Ho-Su Memorial Hospital, a tertiary referral medical center in Taipei, Taiwan, were enrolled. The patients completed the recently validated ENS6Q after surgery. Results: One patient met the objective diagnostic criteria for ENS (score ≥ 11 in ENS6Q). Significant differences were observed in the pre- and postoperative total ENS6Q scores. The pre- and postoperative scores of “nose feeling too open” and nasal crusting showed statistically significant differences. Further, compared with the other items, the postoperative score of nasal crusting increased most obviously, and it may be the most apparent operation-related symptom. Conclusion: This study is the first to report the possibility of developing ENS after endoscopic transnasal sellar surgery. Although the transnasal endoscopic approach is a safe and minimally invasive procedure for the treatment of sellar lesions, possible complications such as ENS should be considered.

Sellar Arachnoidocele: An Unusual Evolution in a Case Report

The sellar archnoidocele is a herniation of the subarachnoid space within the sella turcica which is often associated with a variable degree of flattening of the pituitary. Its clinical presentations range from an asymptomatic radiological finding to endocrine and neuro-ophthalmological manifestations. Its management depends on the initial symptomatology and requires long-term follow-up. We report here the case of a young child followed for a statural delay on a GH deficiency secondary to a sellar arachnoidocele, and who presents a rather unusual evolution.

Individualized Sellar Floor Reconstruction Method and Nursing Strategy for the Intraoperative Cerebrospinal Fluid Leakage Caused by Neuroendoscopic Transsphenoidal Pituitary Adenoma Resection

Objective: To explore the clinical effect of and the method and nursing strategy for sellar reconstruction for intraoperative cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leakage in pituitary adenoma resection under neuroendoscopy. Methods: The data from 20 cases of intraoperative CSF leak caused by transsphenoidal pituitary adenoma resection were retrospectively analyzed. Six patients were treated with mucosal flap and artificial dural reconstruction of sellar (simple sellar floor reconstruction). In 45 patients, autologous fat, fascia lata, and artificial dura were used to repair and reconstruct the sellar floor (multilayer sellar floor reconstruction). After the operation, all patients underwent follow-up for 6 - 24 months. Results: Fifty patients were followed up without CSF leakage. One patient was cured after leakage of CSF through the lumbar cistern 1 month after discharge. Conclusion: For patients with CSF leakage during neuroendoscopic transsphenoidal pituitary adenoma resection, individualized sellar floor reconstruction should be adopted according to the degree of CSF leakage and the size of the sellar floor defect. Strict nursing measures can effectively prevent CSF leakage and reduce postoperative complications.

Intra-Sellary Arachniodocele: About a Case at the Medical Clinic “The Stars” of Bamako

Intrasellar arachnoidocele is a herniation of the optochiasmatic cistern through a dehiscence of the sellar diaphragm producing an empty sella turcica, hence its name empty sella turcica syndrome. It is an extremely rare benign malformative pathology. We report a case of intra-sellar arachnoidocele in a 34-year-old woman revealed during an annual control of a sellar mass under dossinex by cerebral magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) which found the cystic formation of liquid signal identical to that of the LCS in hypo signal T1 and hyper signal T2 without enhancement after injection of Gadolinium. The epidemiological, clinical and radiological aspects of arachnoidocele were analyzed. The purpose of this work is to bring the interest of MRI in the management of this pathology.

RECONSTRUCTION OF THE SELLAR FLOOR FOLLOWING TRANSSPHENOIDAL SURGERY USING GELATIN FOAM AND FIBRIN GLUE

Objective To introduce a new principle of sellar reconstruction and to evaluate the effectiveness of absorbable gelatin foam and fibrin glue for sellar reconstruction. Methods A total of 176 consecutive patients who underwent surgery for pituitary adenomas, cysts, chordomas, or subdiaphragmatic craniopharyngiomas in the sella turcica between January 2001 and April 2003 at Peking Union Medical College Hospital were enrolled. Different techniques of sellar closure and indications for each specific condition were retrospectively reviewed. Results Seventy-seven (43.7%) patients developed a visible cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leakage during surgery. Intra- operative CSF leakage were repaired simply with gelatin foam and fibrin glue in 62 (35.2%) patients, and with autologous fat graft and sellar floor reconstruction in 15 (8.5%) patients. Postoperative CSF rhinorrhea occurred only in 1 case. There were no visual deterioration, allergic rhinitis, meningitis, pneumocranium, granulomas, or other complications asso- ciated with the reconstruction procedure. Conclusion The procedure of using gelatin foam and fibrin glue and principle of cranial base reconstruction is safe and effective in preventing postoperative complications following transsphenoidal surgery.

Predictive visual field outcomes after optic chiasm decompressive surgery by retinal vessels parameters using optical coherence tomography angiography

AIM:To evaluate the predictive value of superficial retinal capillary plexus(SRCP)and radial peripapillary capillary(RPC)for visual field recovery after optic cross decompression and compare them with peripapillary nerve fiber layer(pRNFL)and ganglion cell complex(GCC).METHODS:This prospective longitudinal observational study included patients with chiasmal compression due to sellar region mass scheduled for decompressive surgery.Generalized estimating equations were used to compare retinal vessel density and retinal layer thickness preand post-operatively and with healthy controls.Logistic regression models were used to assess the relationship between preoperative GCC,pRNFL,SRCP,and RPC parameters and visual field recovery after surgery.RESULTS:The study included 43 eyes of 24 patients and 48 eyes of 24 healthy controls.Preoperative RPC and SRCP vessel density and pRNFL and GCC thickness were lower than healthy controls and higher than postoperative values.The best predictive GCC and pRNFL models were based on the superior GCC[area under the curve(AUC)=0.866]and the tempo-inferior pRNFL(AUC=0.824),and the best predictive SRCP and RPC models were based on the nasal SRCP(AUC=0.718)and tempo-inferior RPC(AUC=0.825).There was no statistical difference in the predictive value of the superior GCC,tempo-inferior pRNFL,and tempo-inferior RPC(all P>0.05).CONCLUSION:Compression of the optic chiasm by tumors in the saddle area can reduce retinal thickness and blood perfusion.This reduction persists despite the recovery of the visual field after decompression surgery.GCC,pRNFL,and RPC can be used as sensitive predictors of visual field recovery after decompression surgery.

Pituitary metastasis from lung adenocarcinoma:A case report

BACKGROUND Pituitary gland metastasis is an unusual event,and pituitary metastasis from lung adenocarcinoma is extremely rare and associated with poor prognosis.To date,approximately 15 cases have been reported.CASE SUMMARY Here,we present the case of a 64-year-old woman with pituitary metastasis derived from lung adenocarcinoma,which was difficult to distinguish from other sellar tumors.The patient presented to the neurosurgery clinic with blurred vision and intermittent headache.During hospitalization,brain computed tomography(CT)and magnetic resonance imaging revealed a pituitary macroadenoma.Chest CT revealed irregular nodules in the basal segment of the lower lobe of the left lung,which were likely lung cancer.Positron emission tomography-CT revealed a carbohydrate metabolism tumor in the lungs and sellar region,which was considered malignant.Postoperative pathological examination of the sellar tumor revealed lung adenocarcinoma.CONCLUSION Excision of pituitary metastases combined with radiotherapy and chemotherapy should be a priority treatment for patients with pituitary metastasis.

基于Sellars-Tegart方程和BP神经网络的6016铝合金稳态应力的预测

为了分析6016铝合金热力学参数与稳态应力之间的关系并准确预测其稳态应力,基于Sellars-Tegart方程和BP神经网络建立了预测模型,并对两个模型的预测值与试验数据进行了对比与分析。结果表明,Sellars-Tegart本构方程和BP神经网络本构模型的预测值均与试验值较吻合,均能较好地反映稳态应力的变化规律;BP神经网络对稳态应力的预测值的平均相对误差和标准残差分别为2.3212%和1.3374,均小于Sellars-Tegart本构方程的结果,证实了BP神经网络本构模型对6016铝合金稳态应力具有更好的预测精度。

Endoscopic expand transnasal approach to the suprasellar region ： anatomical study and clinical considerations

Backgroud The expanded endonasal approach （EEA） is used sparingly by surgeons for resection of lesions in the ventrocranial base. Herein, we examined the anatomy of the ventrocranial base by endoscopy and comment on the use of EEA in clinical practice. Methods Twenty artery-injected adult cadaveric heads were studied under surgical conditions using the endoscopic EEA. The extent of the surgical exposure, the endoscopic anatomic view and the maneuverability of surgical instruments about the suprasellar region were studied by the endoscopic EEA. Results The EEA by endoscope can reach the suprasellar region. In this approach, the optocarotid recess, supra and infra-optic chiasm interspace, the ophthalmic artery and others were important anatomical landmarks for identification of the suprasellar region. Conclusions The endoscopic EEA can be used to remove many types of lesions in the ventrocranial base. The microanatomy observed using the endoscope provides important anatomical information on the suprasellar region for neurosurgeons.

Invasive sphenoid sinus aspergillosis mimicking sellar tumor: a report of 4 cases and systematic literature review

Background:Invasive sphenoid sinus aspergillosis is a rare but life-threatening condition usually found in immunocompromised patients.When involving cavernous sinus and surrounding structures,patients are frequently misdiagnosed with a neoplasm or sellar abscess.Timely diagnosis and intervention are crucial to patients’outcomes.The objective of this study is to review cases of invasive sphenoid sinus aspergillosis to describe disease manifestations,imaging features,treatment,and outcome.Case presentation:We describe four patients with invasive sphenoid sinus aspergillosis misdiagnosed as sellar tumors preoperatively.The mass was completely removed in three patients and partially removed in one patient microscopically.Pathological examinations confirmed Aspergillus in all cases.All four patients received anti-fungal agents postoperatively.There was no recurrence at the time of each patient’s follow-up date.One patient with complete resection was lost to follow-up while the other three patients’neurologic function improved.Additionally,we performed a systematic review regarding invasive sphenoid sinus aspergillosis of existing English literature.Conclusion:With regard to clinical symptoms,headache,vision impairment,and ophthalmoplegia were observed in over half of the patients in the literature.A sellar mass with bone destruction on CT and involvement of cavernous sinus is highly suggestive of invasive fungal sphenoid sinusitis.Immediate surgical removal of the lesion is recommended for invasive sphenoid sinus aspergillosis to preserve nerve function and increase the likelihood of survival.

神经垂体颗粒细胞瘤1例报道并文献复习

目的探讨伴有临床症状的鞍区颗粒细胞瘤(GCT)的病理组织学起源及治疗方法。方法回顾性分析常熟市第二人民医院2022年1月收治的1例鞍区GCT患者的治疗状况和病理结果,并结合关于鞍区GCT病理和治疗的相关文献报道,探讨鞍区GCT肿瘤病理组织起源和治疗要点。结果该患者术前影像学报告怀疑鞍区垂体腺瘤卒中,增强核磁共振成像(MRI)可见占位明显强化,并采取神经内镜辅助下经鼻蝶入路手术切除,术后病理证实为神经垂体颗粒细胞瘤,术后患者症状缓解。结论鞍区GCT很可能起源于神经垂体组织,伴有临床症状的鞍区GCT治疗首选手术,术后定期随访鞍区影像及垂体激素水平。

精原细胞瘤放化疗后继发C型尼曼匹克病1例报道并文献复习

目的报道1例在鞍区精原细胞瘤放化疗后出现C型尼曼-匹克病(Niemann-Pick disease type C,NPC)的病例,加强对尼曼-匹克病(Niemann-Pick disease,NPD)的了解。方法对南部战区总医院内分泌科2021年6月收治的1例鞍区精原细胞瘤切除术、放化疗后逐渐出现垂体功能减退、重度肝损害、肝脾大,激素替代治疗后引起继发性糖尿病的青少年患者长达4年的病史进行回顾性分析。结果本例患者为青少年女性,鞍区精原细胞瘤切除术及放化疗后,逐渐出现不同程度血细胞下降、脂代谢异常、肝功能异常、肝脾增大等,行骨髓穿刺,形态学发现2%尼曼-匹克细胞,最终诊断为NPC。经输血、护肝、胰岛素降糖、激素替代等对症治疗后,各项指标较治疗前好转,精神较入院时稍好转,但患者仍存在黄疸、肝脾大,偶有精神异常。目前继续门诊随访,予对症治疗。结论对于颅内肿瘤术后或放化疗后所致内分泌与代谢相关症状,且同时伴有难以解释的神经、精神、脏器功能异常时,要考虑到NPC的可能性,可通过骨髓穿刺涂片发现尼曼-匹克细胞初步诊断。目前NPC的治疗以对症为主。

Emergency irradiation with 3.4 Gy/2f in sellar/suprasellar germinoma patients with rapid visual acuity decline

Background: Rapid visual acuity (VA) decline was a common complaint in patients with sellar/suprasellar germinoma. In our hospital, 3.4 Gy/2f of emergency irradiation was applied to save patient VA and enable subsequent chemoradiotherapy. This study aimed to investigate the efficacy of emergency irradiation with 3.4 Gy/2f in patients with sellar/suprasellar germinoma who had rapid VA decline. Methods: From January 2014 to December 2017, 33 patients with sellar/suprasellar germinoma who complained of VA decline within 3 months received 3.4 Gy/2f of emergency irradiation in Beijing Tiantan Hospital. The best-corrected VA (BCVA) and mean deviation (MD) were measured. Correlations between visual function change and clinical factors, including age at diagnosis, duration of VA decline, extent of tumor regression, serum level of tumor markers, were analyzed. Results: Among 33 patients with sellar/suprasellar germinoma, the median diameter and volume of sellar/suprasellar lesions were 32 mm (range: 5–55 mm) and 12.9 cm3 (range 0.6–58.5 cm3), respectively. Data on pre- and post-emergency-irradiation BCVA were obtained in 32 patients. For the right eyes, BCVA was improved in 23 patients (71.9%), unchanged in 7 (21.9%), and worsened in 2 (6.2%);and for the left eyes, these numbers were 27 (84.4%), 4 (12.5%), and 1 (3.1%), respectively. In terms of the logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution (logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution = Log (1/BCVA) score, the improvement was significant in both eyes (P < 0.001). In terms of MD, six patients had paired data and the improvement was marginal in the right eyes (P = 0.068) and significant in the left eyes (P = 0.043). However, no clinical factor was found to have correlation with visual function improvement. Conclusion: In sellar/suprasellar germinoma patients with VA decline, 3.4 Gy/2f of emergency irradiation was effective in improving visual function.

硬性重建在减少神经内镜鞍区占位术后脑脊液漏中的应用

目的探讨硬性重建能否减少内镜鞍区占位术后脑脊液漏的发生。方法回顾性分析2019年10月—2022年6月复旦大学附属肿瘤医院完成的128例内镜鞍区占位手术,患者颅底缺损采用硬性重建结合软性重建,或者单纯软性重建。分析术后两组脑脊液漏情况。结果90例采用硬性重建(70.3%),其中22例鼻中隔骨质修补(24.4%),68例(75.6%)采用聚醚醚酮(PEEK)修补。硬性重建组术后1周内脑脊液漏1例(1.0%),出院时自愈。软性重建组38例,术后1周内脑脊液漏6例(15.8%),5例出院时自愈。1例保守治疗无效,2个月后手术修补成功。结论硬性重建颅底可以减少内镜鞍区占位术后1周内的脑脊液漏发生率。

成人鞍区非典型畸胎样/横纹肌样瘤一例

目的总结成人鞍区非典型畸胎样/横纹肌样瘤(AT/RT)的临床及病理特征,提高该病的诊断和治疗水平。方法回顾性分析阜阳市第二人民医院神经外科2019年7月收治的1例成年鞍区占位的手术及治疗过程。结果行经鼻蝶显微镜下全切除肿瘤,术后第4天出现头痛症状,经CT检查证实肿瘤在术后1周内复发且肿瘤体积明显大于术前。术后病理报告显示肿瘤Ki-67(+),高达80%,仅提示鞍区恶性肿瘤;在术后第24天做出AT/RT(成人变异性)、INI-1缺失的病理诊断。结论成人鞍区AT/RT为神经外科罕见疾病,临床及影像检查均无特异性,具有恶性程度高、术后生存期短等特点,目前尚未引起国内神经外科同道及病理学专家重视。

鞍区肿瘤外科研究进展

鞍区肿瘤手术复杂,并发症多。传统的开颅手术和新兴的内镜经鼻技术,均存在优劣势。如何提高肿瘤的切除率、降低术后并发症始终是鞍区肿瘤外科治疗的难点和热点。本文对鞍区肿瘤的发展现状、手术入路、神经内镜经鼻蝶入路切除鞍区肿瘤技术、鞍底重建等进行阐述,并对鞍区肿瘤的外科治疗的发展方向进行展望。

眶上锁孔手术入路的临床扩展应用

目的总结经眶上锁孔手术入路切除鞍区肿瘤、外伤性脑脊液鼻漏修补、视神经损伤和额叶脑内血肿清除等手术经验,扩大经眶上锁孔手术入路的临床应用范围。方法对采用经眶上锁孔手术入路治疗的32例患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析,其中鞍区肿瘤16例,脑脊液鼻漏5例,视神经损伤3例和额部颅内血肿8例。结果32例患者都得到了良好疗效。16例鞍区肿瘤患者全切12例,次全切4例。5例脑脊液鼻漏患者全部治愈,3例视神经损伤患者2例视力明显好转,1例无变化。8例额叶脑内血肿患者全部治愈。所有患者无严重并发症和死亡病例。结论经眶上锁孔手术入路不仅适合鞍区肿瘤切除,只要病例选择适当,在脑脊液鼻漏、视神经损伤和额叶脑内血肿清除等病例中也可以得到广泛应用。