A Mini Review on Testing Methods for Mechanical Properties of Natural Fibre Honeycomb Sandwich Structure and Fractography Analysis

This paper is a review of the past research of mechanical testing methods for natural fibre honeycomb sandwich structure as well as failure modes analysis at a microscopic level by using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). As the world is garnering attention towards renewable resources for environmental purposes, studies of natural fibre have been increasing as well as the application of natural fibre throughout various industries such as aerospace, automobiles, and construction sectors. This paper is started with brief information regarding the honeycomb sandwich structure, introduction to natural fibre, its applications as well as the factors affecting the performances of the structure. Next, the mechanical testing methods are listed out as well as the expected outcomes obtained from the respective testing. The mechanical properties are also identified by conducting lab tests according to the ASTM standard for sandwich and core structures. The microstructure of the deformed samples is then examined under Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) by using different magnifications to study the failure mechanisms of the samples. The images obtained from the SEM test are analyzed by using fractography which will show the failure modes of the samples. This article is based on past research conducted by professional on the related topic.

Crack propagation behavior of inhomogeneous laminated Ti-Nb metal-metal composite

In order to investigate the real-time cracking behavior of each component of a composite with strong interfacial bonding among lamellae, Ti-18 Nb(at.%) composite was prepared by spark plasma sintering(SPS), followed by hot-rolling, annealing, and quenching. The microstructure and mechanical properties were characterized by scanning electron microscopy(SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy(EDS), micro-region X-ray diffractometry(MRXRD), nanoindentation, and in-situ scanning electron microscopy tensile testing. The results show that the Ti-18 Nb consists of Ti-enriched, diffusion and Nb-enriched zones, and the sharp Nb gradient across different zones leads to inhomogeneous distribution of phase and mechanical properties. A remarkable finding is that the diffusion zones not only enable the cooperative deformation between the brittle Ti-enriched zones and the ductile Nb-enriched zones but also act as the crack-arresters to prevent the local cracks in the Ti-enriched zones from further propagating across the composite.

Study on Triaxial Mechanical Properties and Micro Mechanism of Fly Ash Reinforced Cement Calcareous Sand

In order to study the mechanical properties and micro-mechanism of industrial waste fly ash-reinforced cement calcareous sand(FCS),the triaxial unconsolidated undrained(UU)test and scanning electron microscope tests(SEM)were carried out on it.The results of UU test show that the peak stress and energy dissipation of the FCS sample first increase and then decrease with the increase in fly ash content.Fly ash enhances the cement calcareous sand by increasing both the cohesion and internal friction angle,and adding 10%content of fly ash gives the largest values.The SEM test results shows that the hydration products of cement and fly ash filled the pores and cracks on the surface of the calcareous sand,which increased the compactness and structure of the FCS samples.The porosity of cement calcareous sand can be reduced from 27.6%to 12.8%by adding 10%fly ash.A brittleness evaluation index based on energy dissipation is proposed to quantitatively characterize the brittleness of FCS samples.The results show that when the content of fly ash is 5%,the brittleness of FCS samples is the lowest.This study shows that the mechanical properties of cement calcareous sand can be effectively enhanced by adding the appropriate amount of fly ash.

Microstructure analysis of deep rock in Meilinmiao Mine

SEM tests were conducted on four kinds of typical deep rocks in Meilinmiao Mine, and the micro properties were analyzed. The particles of gritstone are unbroken and particle diameter ranges from 80 lam to 400 pro, and the void between particles is wide. The macroscopic failure of gritstone is caused by breakage of the dung distributed between particles, and po- tassium feldspars contained in gritstone are not leached. The failure of medium sandstone is caused by micro cracks distributed in sandstone particles, and potassium feldspars are leached seriously, so the pores penetrate each other and there is close hy- draulic connection in medium sandstone. The particles of fine sandstone are broken, and the particle diameters range from 60 pm to 300 pm, which determines the pores have good connectivity between particles. The dolomites contained in fine sand- stone are corroded, and the micro fracture form belongs to inter-granular fracture. There are no particles and blocks in micro- structure of sandy mudstone, but there are diverse micro cracks. The failure of mudstone arises from the extension of micro cracks, and the microstructure is different from the other three kinds of sandstones obviously.

A dynamic method for experimental assessment of scale inhibitor efficiency in oil recovery process by water flooding

Scale formation due to the mixing of injection water with formation water causes formation damage and reduction in petroleum production.By using scale inhibitors,scale formation/scaling could be prevented.In this work,static experiments were performed with rapid controlled precipitation tests,which were undertaken using three different scale inhibitors namely Falat scale inhibitor,Scahib 760 scale inhibitor and Scahib 780 scale inhibitor.Results show that parameters such as temperature and pH have significant effects on scale inhibitor efficiency.In this study,at pH of 7.8e9 it was found that an increase in pH can lead to a decrease in SI efficiency.In addition,acquired data shows that Falat scale inhibitor is more efficient at 45
C but scale inhibitors(Scahib 760,780)have better efficiencies at 25
C.SEM tests were performed to find structure deformation and morphology of precipitation crystals,which indicated that scale inhibitor can have various effects on crystal's shapes.Finally,dynamic tests were performed with coreflood equipment that indicated higher recovery by using the scale inhibitors.The dynamic tests results show that the recovery factor in the presence of Scahib 760 scale inhibitor is about 58%and breakthrough time is 2099(sec).In the absence of scale inhibitor,the recovery factor is about 52%and breakthrough time is 2720(sec).