The purpose of this article is to present and interpret the case study of the secure electronic transaction （SET） scheme of Internet security, as an illustration of the necessary construction of interoperability sol...The purpose of this article is to present and interpret the case study of the secure electronic transaction （SET） scheme of Internet security, as an illustration of the necessary construction of interoperability solutions for financial services. The interpretation of case data with actor network theory （ANT） provides an illustration of power coalitions among banks to create a de facto standard for transnational electronic payment security on the Internet. After a step of protecting its political interests and well-known technological solutions, the coalition understands that its mission becomes a matter of life and death for its members： Brand-new currency has been invented on the Web and one could develop business and monetary transactions without the banks. This interpretative stage tells us much about the transnational mechanisms of regulation and standardization as well as the ＂translation＂ steps regarding these transnational organizations. However, an additional step has to be added to this interpretative step, a step of framework construction. The aim is to help managers of the transnational firms involved in regulations and standardization to anticipate the evolutions and make relevant decisions. The framework has three distinctive characteristics： the ability to help conception, the ability to help conceive problems ＂ex ante＂, and the ability to facilitate collective conception of strategic maneuvers.展开更多
居住区宅间绿地与住宅直接相连,是居民出入住宅的必经之处,对居住区室外的热环境影响最为直接。本项目以西安地区典型宅间绿地布局模式为研究对象,选择修正后的标准有效温度(Revised Standard Effective Temperature-SET*)作为室外热环...居住区宅间绿地与住宅直接相连,是居民出入住宅的必经之处,对居住区室外的热环境影响最为直接。本项目以西安地区典型宅间绿地布局模式为研究对象,选择修正后的标准有效温度(Revised Standard Effective Temperature-SET*)作为室外热环境的评价指标,分析夏季不同宅间绿地布局模式对居住区室外热环境的影响。研究表明:(1)建筑和绿地布局平行于主导风风向,能有效提高低海拔热空气和高海拔冷空气的对流交换速率,致使行人空间获得较舒适的室外热环境;(2)通过系列模拟比较表明,当宅间绿地为"二分道型",且布局平行于主导风向时,室外环境标准有效温度(SET*)最低,此为最优的宅间绿地布局模式。展开更多
文摘The purpose of this article is to present and interpret the case study of the secure electronic transaction （SET） scheme of Internet security, as an illustration of the necessary construction of interoperability solutions for financial services. The interpretation of case data with actor network theory （ANT） provides an illustration of power coalitions among banks to create a de facto standard for transnational electronic payment security on the Internet. After a step of protecting its political interests and well-known technological solutions, the coalition understands that its mission becomes a matter of life and death for its members： Brand-new currency has been invented on the Web and one could develop business and monetary transactions without the banks. This interpretative stage tells us much about the transnational mechanisms of regulation and standardization as well as the ＂translation＂ steps regarding these transnational organizations. However, an additional step has to be added to this interpretative step, a step of framework construction. The aim is to help managers of the transnational firms involved in regulations and standardization to anticipate the evolutions and make relevant decisions. The framework has three distinctive characteristics： the ability to help conception, the ability to help conceive problems ＂ex ante＂, and the ability to facilitate collective conception of strategic maneuvers.
文摘居住区宅间绿地与住宅直接相连,是居民出入住宅的必经之处,对居住区室外的热环境影响最为直接。本项目以西安地区典型宅间绿地布局模式为研究对象,选择修正后的标准有效温度(Revised Standard Effective Temperature-SET*)作为室外热环境的评价指标,分析夏季不同宅间绿地布局模式对居住区室外热环境的影响。研究表明:(1)建筑和绿地布局平行于主导风风向,能有效提高低海拔热空气和高海拔冷空气的对流交换速率,致使行人空间获得较舒适的室外热环境;(2)通过系列模拟比较表明,当宅间绿地为"二分道型",且布局平行于主导风向时,室外环境标准有效温度(SET*)最低,此为最优的宅间绿地布局模式。
