Estradiol treatment during early life stages of tiger puffer Takifugu rubripes induces feminization in genetic males.However,the ovaries in genetic males may revert to testes once estradiol treatment is halted.Therefo...Estradiol treatment during early life stages of tiger puffer Takifugu rubripes induces feminization in genetic males.However,the ovaries in genetic males may revert to testes once estradiol treatment is halted.Therefore studies should investigate molecular mechanisms underlying ovary-to-testis recovery in genetic males after treatment.In the present study,tiger puffer were exposed to 10,and 100μg/L 17β-estradiol(E 2)from 15 to 100 days post-hatching(dph),then gonad phenotypes and expression profi les of six sex-related genes(cyp19a,foxl2,dmrt1,amh,sox9a,and sox9b)were characterized after the exposure.Results showed that both 10 and 100μg/L E2 induced ovarian development in genetic males at 100 dph.However,all ovaries induced by 10μg/L E2 first developed into intersexual gonads and subsequently reverted to testes after the exposure.As for treatment of 100μg/L E2,while the rest of the ovaries maintained morphological stability,percentages of intersexual gonads reached 38%-57%,and none were reverted to testes.Increased mRNA levels of cyp19a,foxl2 and sox9b and decreased mRNA levels of dmrt1,amh,and sox9a were observed during the ovarian development in genetic males.While contrary gene expression profiles were detected during ovary-to-testis transformation.The mRNA levels of all the six genes were increased during the development of intersexual gonads.These results indicated that up-regulation of dmrt1,amh and sox9a is associated with initial ovary-to-intersexual transformation,and suppression of foxl2,cyp19a and sox9b is essential for complete ovary-to-testis recovery in genetic males.This research will help to trace the molecular processes underlying gonadal transformation in teleosts.展开更多
Sex emerges out of a delicate dance between a variety of promale, anti-male, and possibly profemale genes. To investigate the role that sex-related genes play in sex determination and gonadal differentiation of fowl, ...Sex emerges out of a delicate dance between a variety of promale, anti-male, and possibly profemale genes. To investigate the role that sex-related genes play in sex determination and gonadal differentiation of fowl, we constructed a male-to- female sex-reversal model of chick induced by diethylstilbestrol （DES） at onset of incubation （E0）. The results of semi- quantitative PCR showed that the expression of Sf1, the orphan nuclear receptor steroidogenic factor-1 gene, was put forward from E7d to E5d and up-regulated during E5-7d; the Dmrt1, the double sex and the Mab-3 related to transcription factor 1 gene, was down-regulated during E3-7d. Meanwhile, anti-Müllerian hormone gene （Amh） expressed at a similar level in the genetic females and sex-reversal females before E7d, while no expression products of the three female-specific genes Wpkci, Fet1 and Foxl2 were detected in male-to-female embryos. These findings suggest that the expression of some certain sex-related genes, induced by the exogenous estrogen during period of sex determination and gonadal differentiation, results in the male-to-female sex reversal. Moreover, high activity of Sf1 gene during E5-7d might be related to the profemale process, while low activity of Dmrt1 gene during E3-5d might be anti-male. The expression activity of Amh gene might only contribute to the promale process after E7d, however, it is possibly not an anti-female gene in chick embryos.展开更多
Objective To explore the influence of parental factors on sexual and reproductive health awareness,attitudes to pre-marital sex, and pre-marital sexual activity among unmarried youthMethods Data were collected by anon...Objective To explore the influence of parental factors on sexual and reproductive health awareness,attitudes to pre-marital sex, and pre-marital sexual activity among unmarried youthMethods Data were collected by anonymous self-completed questionnaire survey among eli-gible unmarried youth aged 15~22 in Chengdu City, Southwest China during 1998~1999 andthe study comprised of 3 307 valid subjects.Results Awareness of safe sex and contraception among unmarried youth was limited and theirattitudes towards pre-marital sexual activity appeared to be positive. Large proportions of dat-ing subjects were sexually active and reported ever-using contraceptives, regular or appropriateuse of contraceptives was likely to be limited. About two thirds of adolescents had communica-tion with their parents frequently, but fewer had communicated with their parents on sex-relatedissues. but they did influence the sexual behaviours of adolescents. In fact, it appeared that co-residence and extensive communication with parents on sex-related issues could delay sexualactivity among adolescents, and the sexually active youth co-resided with their parents weremore likely to take contraceptive measures.Conclusion Programmes are needed not only for youth to encourage them to communicate withtheir parents on sex-related issues, but also for parents to know the current sexual health statusof youth and realize the necessity to communicate with their adolescent children about sexualand reproductive health issues.展开更多
The original version of this article unfortunately contained a mistake. The publication year in the header on the first page (p.1113) of this article was incorrect. The corrected publication year is given below:
The Crested Ibis (Nipponia nippon) is a critical endangered species of the world. At present, a reintroduction program will be conducted to save this species essentially. However, because the Crested Ibise is a sexual...The Crested Ibis (Nipponia nippon) is a critical endangered species of the world. At present, a reintroduction program will be conducted to save this species essentially. However, because the Crested Ibise is a sexual alike bird, it is very difficult to identify the sex from the morphological character. In order to identify the sex easily and select the right individuals for captive breeding and reintroduction, the sex related gene on W chromosome was amplified and the sex of three Crested Ibises were also identified in the present study. The 262bp fragment was also sequenced, and we found that there were 13 different nucleotide sites with 2.25 of transition/transversion based on the comparison with that of the Oriental White Stork. The sequence will also provide a theoretic base for further designing specific primer for sex related gene in the Crested Ibis.展开更多
Takotsubo syndrome(TTS)is a recently identified acute heart syndrome,characterized by regional wall motion abnormalities not justified by the presence of significant coronary artery obstruction.Clinically,TTS closely ...Takotsubo syndrome(TTS)is a recently identified acute heart syndrome,characterized by regional wall motion abnormalities not justified by the presence of significant coronary artery obstruction.Clinically,TTS closely resembles acute coronary syndromes(ACS)and therefore differential diagnosis may be an important obstacle for its correct clinical management.The prevalence of TTS is estimated to be around2%of acute myocardial infarctions,and the number of diagnoses has increased in recent years,possibly reflecting our growing understanding of this condition.Given the similarities between TTS and ACS,clinical presentation in these patients is equivocal.However,numerous peculiar traits have been observed,such as the greater prevalence in postmenopausal women and the presence of stressful triggers.Many pathogenetic hypotheses for TTS,such as catecholamine overload and microvascular dysfunction,have been proposed.None of these have been capable of independently explaining the underlying mechanisms.The diagnostic criteria proposed by the Heart Failure Association of the European Society of Cardiology represent a novel attempt to introduce semiquantitative parameters,yet further scientifi c validation is needed.Contrary to previous opinions,TTS is not always benign,considering the relatively high prevalence of acute complications,an estimated in-hospital mortality similar to that of acute myocardial infarction(1-8%),and a signifi cant rate of recurrences and persistence of symptoms.Clinical management of TTS has been largely based on empirical experience related to ACS,and therefore pharmacological strategies are partially overlapping.An issue of the utmost importance is the lack of randomized prospective data validating diagnostic criteria,risk stratification,and specifi c therapeutic approaches.展开更多
基金Supported by the Innovation ofAgricultural Organization and Development of lndustry Amalgamation Project(No.125162002000160001)the Qingdao Postdoctoral Application Research Project(No.ZHHSZ201819039)the Shandong Province Post-doctoral Innovation Projects of Special Funds(No.ZHHSZ201819032)
文摘Estradiol treatment during early life stages of tiger puffer Takifugu rubripes induces feminization in genetic males.However,the ovaries in genetic males may revert to testes once estradiol treatment is halted.Therefore studies should investigate molecular mechanisms underlying ovary-to-testis recovery in genetic males after treatment.In the present study,tiger puffer were exposed to 10,and 100μg/L 17β-estradiol(E 2)from 15 to 100 days post-hatching(dph),then gonad phenotypes and expression profi les of six sex-related genes(cyp19a,foxl2,dmrt1,amh,sox9a,and sox9b)were characterized after the exposure.Results showed that both 10 and 100μg/L E2 induced ovarian development in genetic males at 100 dph.However,all ovaries induced by 10μg/L E2 first developed into intersexual gonads and subsequently reverted to testes after the exposure.As for treatment of 100μg/L E2,while the rest of the ovaries maintained morphological stability,percentages of intersexual gonads reached 38%-57%,and none were reverted to testes.Increased mRNA levels of cyp19a,foxl2 and sox9b and decreased mRNA levels of dmrt1,amh,and sox9a were observed during the ovarian development in genetic males.While contrary gene expression profiles were detected during ovary-to-testis transformation.The mRNA levels of all the six genes were increased during the development of intersexual gonads.These results indicated that up-regulation of dmrt1,amh and sox9a is associated with initial ovary-to-intersexual transformation,and suppression of foxl2,cyp19a and sox9b is essential for complete ovary-to-testis recovery in genetic males.This research will help to trace the molecular processes underlying gonadal transformation in teleosts.
基金supported by the National Key Technology R&D Program of China (2007BAD72B01)the National High Technology R&D Program of China (2011AA100306)
文摘Sex emerges out of a delicate dance between a variety of promale, anti-male, and possibly profemale genes. To investigate the role that sex-related genes play in sex determination and gonadal differentiation of fowl, we constructed a male-to- female sex-reversal model of chick induced by diethylstilbestrol （DES） at onset of incubation （E0）. The results of semi- quantitative PCR showed that the expression of Sf1, the orphan nuclear receptor steroidogenic factor-1 gene, was put forward from E7d to E5d and up-regulated during E5-7d; the Dmrt1, the double sex and the Mab-3 related to transcription factor 1 gene, was down-regulated during E3-7d. Meanwhile, anti-Müllerian hormone gene （Amh） expressed at a similar level in the genetic females and sex-reversal females before E7d, while no expression products of the three female-specific genes Wpkci, Fet1 and Foxl2 were detected in male-to-female embryos. These findings suggest that the expression of some certain sex-related genes, induced by the exogenous estrogen during period of sex determination and gonadal differentiation, results in the male-to-female sex reversal. Moreover, high activity of Sf1 gene during E5-7d might be related to the profemale process, while low activity of Dmrt1 gene during E3-5d might be anti-male. The expression activity of Amh gene might only contribute to the promale process after E7d, however, it is possibly not an anti-female gene in chick embryos.
文摘Objective To explore the influence of parental factors on sexual and reproductive health awareness,attitudes to pre-marital sex, and pre-marital sexual activity among unmarried youthMethods Data were collected by anonymous self-completed questionnaire survey among eli-gible unmarried youth aged 15~22 in Chengdu City, Southwest China during 1998~1999 andthe study comprised of 3 307 valid subjects.Results Awareness of safe sex and contraception among unmarried youth was limited and theirattitudes towards pre-marital sexual activity appeared to be positive. Large proportions of dat-ing subjects were sexually active and reported ever-using contraceptives, regular or appropriateuse of contraceptives was likely to be limited. About two thirds of adolescents had communica-tion with their parents frequently, but fewer had communicated with their parents on sex-relatedissues. but they did influence the sexual behaviours of adolescents. In fact, it appeared that co-residence and extensive communication with parents on sex-related issues could delay sexualactivity among adolescents, and the sexually active youth co-resided with their parents weremore likely to take contraceptive measures.Conclusion Programmes are needed not only for youth to encourage them to communicate withtheir parents on sex-related issues, but also for parents to know the current sexual health statusof youth and realize the necessity to communicate with their adolescent children about sexualand reproductive health issues.
文摘The original version of this article unfortunately contained a mistake. The publication year in the header on the first page (p.1113) of this article was incorrect. The corrected publication year is given below:
基金the National Natural ScienceFoundation of China (Grant No. 39870098), the Science and Technology Innovation Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) (Grant No. KSCX2-1-03) and the Young Scientist Group of the CAS.
文摘The Crested Ibis (Nipponia nippon) is a critical endangered species of the world. At present, a reintroduction program will be conducted to save this species essentially. However, because the Crested Ibise is a sexual alike bird, it is very difficult to identify the sex from the morphological character. In order to identify the sex easily and select the right individuals for captive breeding and reintroduction, the sex related gene on W chromosome was amplified and the sex of three Crested Ibises were also identified in the present study. The 262bp fragment was also sequenced, and we found that there were 13 different nucleotide sites with 2.25 of transition/transversion based on the comparison with that of the Oriental White Stork. The sequence will also provide a theoretic base for further designing specific primer for sex related gene in the Crested Ibis.
文摘Takotsubo syndrome(TTS)is a recently identified acute heart syndrome,characterized by regional wall motion abnormalities not justified by the presence of significant coronary artery obstruction.Clinically,TTS closely resembles acute coronary syndromes(ACS)and therefore differential diagnosis may be an important obstacle for its correct clinical management.The prevalence of TTS is estimated to be around2%of acute myocardial infarctions,and the number of diagnoses has increased in recent years,possibly reflecting our growing understanding of this condition.Given the similarities between TTS and ACS,clinical presentation in these patients is equivocal.However,numerous peculiar traits have been observed,such as the greater prevalence in postmenopausal women and the presence of stressful triggers.Many pathogenetic hypotheses for TTS,such as catecholamine overload and microvascular dysfunction,have been proposed.None of these have been capable of independently explaining the underlying mechanisms.The diagnostic criteria proposed by the Heart Failure Association of the European Society of Cardiology represent a novel attempt to introduce semiquantitative parameters,yet further scientifi c validation is needed.Contrary to previous opinions,TTS is not always benign,considering the relatively high prevalence of acute complications,an estimated in-hospital mortality similar to that of acute myocardial infarction(1-8%),and a signifi cant rate of recurrences and persistence of symptoms.Clinical management of TTS has been largely based on empirical experience related to ACS,and therefore pharmacological strategies are partially overlapping.An issue of the utmost importance is the lack of randomized prospective data validating diagnostic criteria,risk stratification,and specifi c therapeutic approaches.
