Objectives: It is important to know what patient reported outcome measure (PROM) scores relate to a meaningful change in health status across time. The aim of this study was to investigate the minimally important diff...Objectives: It is important to know what patient reported outcome measure (PROM) scores relate to a meaningful change in health status across time. The aim of this study was to investigate the minimally important difference (MID) of the Diabetes Health Profile (DHP-18), EQ-5D and SF-6D in a Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes patient sample. Methods: A longitudinal dataset including a UK community sample of people with Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes was used for the analysis. A combination of anchor and distribution methods was used to investigate the MID. For the anchor based method, a global health change indicator was used if it correlated with the PROM scores at baseline and follow up. To calculate the anchor based MID, the change in PROM score for those reporting no change on the anchor was subtracted from those reporting small change. For the distribution based estimation, the 1 Standard Error of Measurement, 0.5 and 0.33 standard deviation methods were used. Results: The anchor was not correlated with the DHP-18 dimensions so was only used to estimate MID values for the EQ-5D and SF-6D. For the DHP-18, MID estimates for the Psychological Distress domain range from 6.99 to 10.59, the Barriers to Activity domain range from 6.48 to 9.89, and the Disinhibited Eating domain range from 7.52 to 11.39. The EQ-5D estimations range from 0.058 to 0.158, and the SF-6D estimations range from 0.038 to 0.081. The 0.5 SD and 1SEM estimations are of a similar magnitude across the three measures. Conclusions:This study has derived a range of values for each measure that may correspond to an important change in health status. The MID values may guide researchers who are using the measures as part of their assessment of both Type 1 and Type 2 patients with diabetes mellitus.展开更多
In order to solve the problem that the vulcanizing agent utilization rate is low and the dilution effect of copper slag is poor,the vortex stirring dilution method was used to improve the conditions of the dilution ki...In order to solve the problem that the vulcanizing agent utilization rate is low and the dilution effect of copper slag is poor,the vortex stirring dilution method was used to improve the conditions of the dilution kinetics and copper recovery.The water model was used to simulate the effect of copper slag dilution.Under the premise of keeping the Reynolds number consistent,silicone oil and glass beads were used instead of copper slag and vulcanizing agent.Based on the relationship between voltage and concentration,the PC6D dual-channel particle concentration measuring instrument was used to study the stirring speed and the insertion depth of the stirring paddle in model experiments,and the suitable conditions were speed 250 rpm and insertion depth 70 mm.The fire dilution of copper slag was done under the conditions.After stirring and sedimentation,the Fe_(3)O_(4) in slag decreased from 22.58% to 4.65%,and the copper content of the slag decreased from 2.94% to 0.34%.The copper recovery was 88.44%.展开更多
文摘Objectives: It is important to know what patient reported outcome measure (PROM) scores relate to a meaningful change in health status across time. The aim of this study was to investigate the minimally important difference (MID) of the Diabetes Health Profile (DHP-18), EQ-5D and SF-6D in a Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes patient sample. Methods: A longitudinal dataset including a UK community sample of people with Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes was used for the analysis. A combination of anchor and distribution methods was used to investigate the MID. For the anchor based method, a global health change indicator was used if it correlated with the PROM scores at baseline and follow up. To calculate the anchor based MID, the change in PROM score for those reporting no change on the anchor was subtracted from those reporting small change. For the distribution based estimation, the 1 Standard Error of Measurement, 0.5 and 0.33 standard deviation methods were used. Results: The anchor was not correlated with the DHP-18 dimensions so was only used to estimate MID values for the EQ-5D and SF-6D. For the DHP-18, MID estimates for the Psychological Distress domain range from 6.99 to 10.59, the Barriers to Activity domain range from 6.48 to 9.89, and the Disinhibited Eating domain range from 7.52 to 11.39. The EQ-5D estimations range from 0.058 to 0.158, and the SF-6D estimations range from 0.038 to 0.081. The 0.5 SD and 1SEM estimations are of a similar magnitude across the three measures. Conclusions:This study has derived a range of values for each measure that may correspond to an important change in health status. The MID values may guide researchers who are using the measures as part of their assessment of both Type 1 and Type 2 patients with diabetes mellitus.
基金Funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52004284)the Fundamental Research Funds from the Central University of the Ministry of Education of China(2020QN55)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2019M661979)。
文摘In order to solve the problem that the vulcanizing agent utilization rate is low and the dilution effect of copper slag is poor,the vortex stirring dilution method was used to improve the conditions of the dilution kinetics and copper recovery.The water model was used to simulate the effect of copper slag dilution.Under the premise of keeping the Reynolds number consistent,silicone oil and glass beads were used instead of copper slag and vulcanizing agent.Based on the relationship between voltage and concentration,the PC6D dual-channel particle concentration measuring instrument was used to study the stirring speed and the insertion depth of the stirring paddle in model experiments,and the suitable conditions were speed 250 rpm and insertion depth 70 mm.The fire dilution of copper slag was done under the conditions.After stirring and sedimentation,the Fe_(3)O_(4) in slag decreased from 22.58% to 4.65%,and the copper content of the slag decreased from 2.94% to 0.34%.The copper recovery was 88.44%.