A green synthesis method to produce silver nanoneedles was described using shallot and apricot tree gum（ATG）.A fast,simple,and low cost method was used to synthesize silver with nanoparticle and nanoneedle shape fro...A green synthesis method to produce silver nanoneedles was described using shallot and apricot tree gum（ATG）.A fast,simple,and low cost method was used to synthesize silver with nanoparticle and nanoneedle shape from the silver nitrate solution.Shallot as a reducing agent and apricot tree gum（ATG） as a stabilizer and a capping agent were utilized to reduce and form silver ions into silver atoms with needle and particle shape.Moreover,high crystalline structures of silver nanoparticles（AgNPs） with diameters of 8-20 nm and silver nanoneedles with average diameters of 50-60 nm and lengths of 5-10 μm were consequently synthesized by shallot and the mixture of shallot and ATG.A self-assembly mechanism was proposed to indicate the formation of needle-like structures of spherical Ag NPs via carbon chains of ATG.The results indicate that the presence of ATG with shallot can transfer the reduced Ag NPs into the silver nanoneedle.The findings were characterized using X-ray diffraction（XRD）,ultra violet visible（UV-Vis） spectrometry,field emission scanning electron microscopy（FESEM）,and transmission electron microscopy（TEM） techniques.展开更多
Hepatic GCK is a key enzyme in glucose homeostasis and, as such, is a potential target for treatment strategies of diabetes. We investigated the effect of Persian shallot (Allium hirtifolium Boiss) hydroalchoholic ext...Hepatic GCK is a key enzyme in glucose homeostasis and, as such, is a potential target for treatment strategies of diabetes. We investigated the effect of Persian shallot (Allium hirtifolium Boiss) hydroalchoholic extract on blood glucose level, plasma insulin level, GCK activity and its gene expression. Thirty two male rats were divided into 4 groups of 8, diabetic groups received 100 and 200 mg/kg Persian shallot extract, diabetic control and normal control received 0.9% saline for 30 days. Investigations of gene expression by Real-Time PCR showed that Persian shallot had led to gently increased GCK gene expression in diabetic rats. GCK activity increased significantly in Persian shallot treated group in dose dependent manner (P < 0.05). These results indicated that Persian shallot exhibited a significant potential as a hypoglycemic agent perhaps via its ability to enhance insulin secretion, GCK gene expression and its activity.展开更多
In Indonesia, shallot cultivation finds difficulties to produce high viability seed. That low viability is caused by the abnormality of seed＇s structure. Normal shallot seeds have seed structure that consists of： te...In Indonesia, shallot cultivation finds difficulties to produce high viability seed. That low viability is caused by the abnormality of seed＇s structure. Normal shallot seeds have seed structure that consists of： testa, endosperm, and embryo. Normal embryo has curved shape which it has one cotyledon in endosperm. This research purpose is to find shallot viability and structure that is cultivated in tropic area, especially in Indonesia. This research is a deep observation research about water level, seeds viability and seeds structure monitoring by using microscope. To make a clearance about seeds structure composition, seeds are mixed with tetrazolium salt. Monitoring result shows that seed water level at harvest time is 18%, laid away at one month age is 13%, two months age is 12% and three months age is 10%. Seed viability at harvest until twenty nine days, seed that is germinated around 8%. At two months viability seed laid age until twenty two days is 36.6%. Meanwhile three months age laid viability test is done with germination boost compounding shows that IAA is able to fasten germination. At IAA treatment viability seeds are 17.25% that is followed with GA3 treatment around 13%. Another boosting substance that it＇s viability is only below 4%. Low viability is also proved by the seed structure. The result shows that mostly, the seeds has abnormal structure.展开更多
In order to preserve the nutrients in shallots, after harvest, various protocols, including incubation, drying or lyophilization of the shallot are developed in this study. Using aqueous extracts of ground shallot pow...In order to preserve the nutrients in shallots, after harvest, various protocols, including incubation, drying or lyophilization of the shallot are developed in this study. Using aqueous extracts of ground shallot powders, this study examines the antioxidative properties of shallots on the formation of hydroxyl radical species (.OH) generated via a Fenton-type reaction. A ribose degradation assay shows that all aqueous extracts of shallot prepared in this study exhibit enhanced levels of .OH, suggesting that processed shallot, like strong reductants such as ascorbate, has a strong reducing power, which converts FeIII to FeII in a Fenton’s reaction and increases the levels of .OH. A DNA integrity assay shows that fragmentation of super-coiled plasmid DNA, pGEM-7Zf(-), by .OH is diminished in the presence of all shallot aqueous extracts, albeit to various extents. Finally, electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) experiments show that lyophilized shallot completely scavenges .OH, as evidenced by the disappearance of the EPR-active reaction product generated between spin trap, 5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline-N-oxide (DMPO), and ?OH. The results of this study show the potential of a daily intake of preserved shallot to boost antioxidative protection against the toxicity of ?OH or any other damaging radicals.展开更多
The nucleotide sequence of shallot yellow stripe virus from onion(SYSV-O)in Shaanxi Province of China was described.It was 10427 nucleotides(nt)in length excluding the poly(A)tail and was predicted to encode a polypro...The nucleotide sequence of shallot yellow stripe virus from onion(SYSV-O)in Shaanxi Province of China was described.It was 10427 nucleotides(nt)in length excluding the poly(A)tail and was predicted to encode a polyprotein of 3340 amino acids(aa)with a calculated molecular weight of 379.7kD.SYSV was most closely related to onion yellow dwarf virus(OYDV)and resembled it in having a much larger P3 protein than other species in the genus.SYSV-O shared 93.2% nt identity to the published sequence of a welsh onion isolate of SYSV(SYSV-ZQ2).The two isolates differed in NIb-CP cleavage site,that of SYSV-O was Q/V but Q/A in SYSV-ZQ2.Nucleotide identity of coat protein genes amongst all SYSV sequences ranged from 87.3%-84.1%.Phylogenetic tree analysis based on the 3’-terminal nucleotide sequences of SYSV isolates confirmed the existence of four distinct groups that were partially related to geographical origin and host plant species.展开更多
基金supported by the international doctoral fellowship (IDF) scheme from Universiti Teknologi Malaysia
文摘A green synthesis method to produce silver nanoneedles was described using shallot and apricot tree gum（ATG）.A fast,simple,and low cost method was used to synthesize silver with nanoparticle and nanoneedle shape from the silver nitrate solution.Shallot as a reducing agent and apricot tree gum（ATG） as a stabilizer and a capping agent were utilized to reduce and form silver ions into silver atoms with needle and particle shape.Moreover,high crystalline structures of silver nanoparticles（AgNPs） with diameters of 8-20 nm and silver nanoneedles with average diameters of 50-60 nm and lengths of 5-10 μm were consequently synthesized by shallot and the mixture of shallot and ATG.A self-assembly mechanism was proposed to indicate the formation of needle-like structures of spherical Ag NPs via carbon chains of ATG.The results indicate that the presence of ATG with shallot can transfer the reduced Ag NPs into the silver nanoneedle.The findings were characterized using X-ray diffraction（XRD）,ultra violet visible（UV-Vis） spectrometry,field emission scanning electron microscopy（FESEM）,and transmission electron microscopy（TEM） techniques.
文摘Hepatic GCK is a key enzyme in glucose homeostasis and, as such, is a potential target for treatment strategies of diabetes. We investigated the effect of Persian shallot (Allium hirtifolium Boiss) hydroalchoholic extract on blood glucose level, plasma insulin level, GCK activity and its gene expression. Thirty two male rats were divided into 4 groups of 8, diabetic groups received 100 and 200 mg/kg Persian shallot extract, diabetic control and normal control received 0.9% saline for 30 days. Investigations of gene expression by Real-Time PCR showed that Persian shallot had led to gently increased GCK gene expression in diabetic rats. GCK activity increased significantly in Persian shallot treated group in dose dependent manner (P < 0.05). These results indicated that Persian shallot exhibited a significant potential as a hypoglycemic agent perhaps via its ability to enhance insulin secretion, GCK gene expression and its activity.
文摘In Indonesia, shallot cultivation finds difficulties to produce high viability seed. That low viability is caused by the abnormality of seed＇s structure. Normal shallot seeds have seed structure that consists of： testa, endosperm, and embryo. Normal embryo has curved shape which it has one cotyledon in endosperm. This research purpose is to find shallot viability and structure that is cultivated in tropic area, especially in Indonesia. This research is a deep observation research about water level, seeds viability and seeds structure monitoring by using microscope. To make a clearance about seeds structure composition, seeds are mixed with tetrazolium salt. Monitoring result shows that seed water level at harvest time is 18%, laid away at one month age is 13%, two months age is 12% and three months age is 10%. Seed viability at harvest until twenty nine days, seed that is germinated around 8%. At two months viability seed laid age until twenty two days is 36.6%. Meanwhile three months age laid viability test is done with germination boost compounding shows that IAA is able to fasten germination. At IAA treatment viability seeds are 17.25% that is followed with GA3 treatment around 13%. Another boosting substance that it＇s viability is only below 4%. Low viability is also proved by the seed structure. The result shows that mostly, the seeds has abnormal structure.
文摘In order to preserve the nutrients in shallots, after harvest, various protocols, including incubation, drying or lyophilization of the shallot are developed in this study. Using aqueous extracts of ground shallot powders, this study examines the antioxidative properties of shallots on the formation of hydroxyl radical species (.OH) generated via a Fenton-type reaction. A ribose degradation assay shows that all aqueous extracts of shallot prepared in this study exhibit enhanced levels of .OH, suggesting that processed shallot, like strong reductants such as ascorbate, has a strong reducing power, which converts FeIII to FeII in a Fenton’s reaction and increases the levels of .OH. A DNA integrity assay shows that fragmentation of super-coiled plasmid DNA, pGEM-7Zf(-), by .OH is diminished in the presence of all shallot aqueous extracts, albeit to various extents. Finally, electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) experiments show that lyophilized shallot completely scavenges .OH, as evidenced by the disappearance of the EPR-active reaction product generated between spin trap, 5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline-N-oxide (DMPO), and ?OH. The results of this study show the potential of a daily intake of preserved shallot to boost antioxidative protection against the toxicity of ?OH or any other damaging radicals.
文摘The nucleotide sequence of shallot yellow stripe virus from onion(SYSV-O)in Shaanxi Province of China was described.It was 10427 nucleotides(nt)in length excluding the poly(A)tail and was predicted to encode a polyprotein of 3340 amino acids(aa)with a calculated molecular weight of 379.7kD.SYSV was most closely related to onion yellow dwarf virus(OYDV)and resembled it in having a much larger P3 protein than other species in the genus.SYSV-O shared 93.2% nt identity to the published sequence of a welsh onion isolate of SYSV(SYSV-ZQ2).The two isolates differed in NIb-CP cleavage site,that of SYSV-O was Q/V but Q/A in SYSV-ZQ2.Nucleotide identity of coat protein genes amongst all SYSV sequences ranged from 87.3%-84.1%.Phylogenetic tree analysis based on the 3’-terminal nucleotide sequences of SYSV isolates confirmed the existence of four distinct groups that were partially related to geographical origin and host plant species.
