Philosophy and Philology:Two Approaches of Commentating the Shen Nong Ben Cao Jing(Shen Nong's Classic of the Materia Medica)in the Ming and Qing Dynasties

This paper tests the hypothesis that the commentary trend of the Shen Nong Ben Cao Jing(Shen Nong’s Classic of the Materia Medica)arises alongside the fashionable philology of the time,or the aversion against the Jin-Yuan medical philosophy.After surveying 12 major commentaries,it is concluded that the situation is more complicated than a simple assertion.The seemingly opposite philosophy and philology approaches have been used eclectically to innovate the understanding of ancient traditional Chinese medicine texts.

Bai Hu Ren Shen Soup promotes autophagy in the pancreas tissue of diabetic rats by increasing the level of autophagy protein LC3 and decreasing the level of autophagy protein p62

Objective:To investigate the therapeutic effect of Bai Hu Ren Shen Soup(BHRSS)on type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)rats and explore whether its therapeutic effect is achieved by promoting autophagy in the pancreas tissue of T2DM rats.Methods:Thirty male standard deviation rats were equally divided into normal control group,T2DM group and BHRSS group.Firstly,the therapeutic effect of BHRSS on T2DM was evaluated by biochemical indices in serum and pathological changes in the pancreas tissue of rats in each group after modeling and medication.Then,the levels of microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3(LC3)protein and p62 protein in the pancreas tissue of rats in each group after BHRSS intervention were detected by Western blot.Results:BHRSS intervention significantly reduced the levels of blood sugar,liver and kidney function,and other related biochemical indices in the serum of T2DM rats,and effectively improved the pathological changes in the pancreas tissue of T2DM rats.In addition,Western blot results showed that the expression levels of autophagy-related protein LC3 protein in the pancreas tissue of rats were increased,and the expression level of p62 protein was decreased after BHRSS intervention.Conclusion:BHRSS has a clear therapeutic effect on T2DM model rats,which may be related to that increase of autophagy protein LC3 and the decrease of p62 protein level in the pancreas tissue.

1995年浙江渔场秋季鲐Shen鱼渔讯特点分析

本文分析１９９５年秋鲐Ｓｈｅｎ渔特点，气候，海况与经济渔汛的关系，并讨论了鲐Ｓｈｅｎ 鱼的资源状况和利用对策，踞渔场形成的主要指标，提高恢复发展灯围作业的建设。

1997年东海北部鲐Shen鱼和虾类资源动态

本文根据１９９７年鲐Ｓｈｅｎ鱼和虾类营养监测资料，分析了东海北部鲐Ｓｈｅｎ鱼和虾类资源动态的特点。１９９７年浙江省鲐Ｓｈｅｎ鱼产量１２．０４万元，虾类产量６２．５万吨，分别比上年增长１６．３％和１７．０％，１９９７年冬春季，沿海气候海况条件良好，水温偏高，沿岸冲淡水势力偏弱，外海高盐水势力强盛，有利于鱼卵，稚鱼和虾类的生长发育，资源发生量增多，是１９９７年渔业生产形势好的主要原因之一。

Clinical Efficacy and Molecular Mechanism of Nourishing Shen and Supplementing Marrow Principle in Treating β Thalassemia

Objective: To explore the possibility of using traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) in treating β thalassemia, its clinical effect and molecular mechanism of the action.Methods: According to the TCM theory of“Shen producing marrow”, the composite recipe, Yisui Shenxueling Granule (YSSXL), consisting of Chinese drugs for nourishing Shen and supplementing marrow (NS&SM) was given orally to 7 8 patients with β thalassemia (49 of the severe type and 29 of moderate type ), 3 times a day, 10 g each time (for children, the dose would be reduced proper ly), with 3 months as one therapeutic course, and no blood transfusion used in t he course. The clinical therapeutic efficacy and hematologic parameters in patie nts were observed, and systemic gene analysis was conducted with PAGE, PCR, PCR SSCP, RT PCR and DNA sequences analysis and mRNA detection, in order to s tudy the molecular mechanism from the relationships between genetic mutation and clinical efficacy, gene expression and its regulation. Results: YSSXL showed obvious therapeutic effect in treating β thalassemia. Gene analysis revealed that it did not change the genetic mutatio n type, but could obviously increase hemoglobin, fetal hemoglobin (HbF), γ/(β+ γ) globin ratio, γ globin mRNA expression and GM CSF mRNA expression in patients, as well as the GM CSFmRMA in marrow of mice after 60 Co radia tion. Conclusion: YSSXL has a remarkable therapeutic effect on β tha lassemia, and its possible mechanism is its action in unlocking γ gene, in creasing the γ globin expression and enhancing HbF synthesis so as to compe nsate for the gene defect. This study has opened a new path for the treatment of β thalassemia with TCM.

Gan Shen Fu Fang ameliorates liver fibrosis in vitro and in vivo by inhibiting the inflammatory response and extracellular signalregulated kinase phosphorylation

BACKGROUND Liver fibrosis is a common health problem worldwide and there is still a lack of effective medicines.The Chinese herbal medicine,Gan Shen Fu Fang(GSFF)is composed of salvianolic acid B and diammonium glycyrrhizinate.In this study,we observed the effects of GSFF on liver fibrosis in vivo and in vitro in an attempt to provide some hope for the treatment.AIM To observe the effects of GSFF on liver fibrosis in vivo and in vitro and investigate the mechanism from the perspective of the inflammatory response and extracellular signal-regulated kinase(ERK)phosphorylation.METHODS Common bile duct-ligated rats were used for in vivo experiments.Hepatic stellate cells-T6(HSC-T6)cells were used for in vitro experiments.Hematoxylin and eosin staining and Masson staining,biochemical assays,hydroxyproline(Hyp)assays,enzyme-linked immunoasorbent assay and western blotting were performed to evaluate the degree of liver fibrosis,liver function,the inflammatory response and ERK phosphorylation.The CCK8 assay,immunofluorescence and western blotting were applied to test the effect of GSFF on HSC-T6 cell activation and determine whether GSFF had an effect on ERK phosphorylation in HSC-T6 cells.RESULTS GSFF improved liver function and inhibited liver fibrosis in common bile ductligated rats after 3 wk of treatment,as demonstrated by histological changes,hydroxyproline assays and collagen I concentrations.GSFF alleviated inflammatory cell infiltration and reduced the synthesis of pro-inflammatory cytokines[tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α)and interlukin-1β]and NF-κB.In addition,GSFF decreased ERK phosphorylation.In vitro,GSFF inhibited the viability of HSC-T6 cells with and without transforming growth factorβ1(TGF-β1)stimulation and decreased the synthesis of collagen I.GSFF had the greatest effect at a concentration of 0.5μmol/L.GSFF inhibited the expression ofα-smooth muscle actin(α-SMA),a marker of HSC activation,in HSC-T6 cells.Consistent with the in vivo results,GSFF also inhibited the phosphorylation of ERK and downregulated the expression of NF-κB.CONCLUSION GSFF inhibited liver fibrosis progression in vivo and HSC-T6 cell activation in vitro.These effects may be related to an alleviated inflammatory response and downregulated ERK phosphorylation.

Clinical Study on Treatment of Alzheimer’s Disease from the Vie wpoint of Xin and Shen

Objective: To explore the therapeutic mechanism of Tiaoxin Recipe and Bushen Recipe (BSR, ) in treating Alzheimer’s d isease (AD). Methods: Sixty patients with AD were divided into 3 groups according to their MMSE and ADL scores before treatment, using randomized block design. They were treated separately with TXR, BSR and Donepezil (Dp) for 12 weeks. The changes of MMSE score, ADL score, neuro-psychology amount table score, including FOM, RVR, DS and BD, as well as the overall operational evaluation before and after treatment were analyzed. Results: The recognition and daily life capacity of patients in the 3 groups were improved after treatment. MMSE score in the TXR group increased from 16.10±1.94 scores before treatment to 17 90±2 59 scores after treatment, in the BSR group, from 16 15±2 16 to 17 50±2 59, and in the Dp group, from 17 35±1 90 to 19 60±3 39, all showed significant difference (all P<0 01). Change of ADL score showed that in the TXR group, it lowere d from 43 10±3 86 to 41 50±4 40, in the BSR group from 43 30±4 53 to 41 60±4 12 and in the Dp group, from 42 95±3 58 to 40 60±5 23, which also showed significan t difference (P<0 05 or P<0 01). Moreover, increase of FOM, RVR and DS score was shown in the TXR and the Dp group, and increase of RVR and BD score was shown in the BSR group, with significant difference in compar ison of corresponding score before and after treatment, inter-groups comparison showed significant difference of FOM score between the BSR and the Dp group ( P<0 01). Overall operational evaluation (total effective rate) in the TXR group was 70%, in the BSR group 65% and in Dp group 75%, with no significant difference among them. Conclusion: TXR and BSR are effective TCM drugs in treating AD

EXPERIMENTAL AND CLINICAL STUDIES OF “SHEN YAN LING” IN TREATMENT OF CHRONIC GLOMERULONEPHRITIS

“Shen Yan Ling”(SYL 肾炎灵) is a compoundherbal preparation consisting of 16 ingredients:HerbaEcliptae,Radix Rhemanniae,Rhizoma Cibotii,RadixAngelica Sinensis,Rhizoma Ligustici Chuanxiong,Radix Paeoniac Rubra,Rhizoma Diosocoreae,Poria,Radix Sanguisorbae,Radix Rubiae,Herba Portulacae,Fructus Gardeniae,Herba Cirsii Japonici,HerbaCephalanoploris.etc.In animal experiments,SYLwas shown to have therapeutic effect for Masugi’snephritis models.It has also been used with satis-factory results in the treatment of 314 cases of chronicglomerulonephritis of the common type with manifes-tations of Yin deficiency and endogenous heat.

Demonstration of a Shock-Timing Experiment in a CH Layer at the Shen Guang Ⅲ Laser Facility

Shock-timing experiments are indispensable to inertial confinement fusion mainly because the timing of multiple shock waves is crucial to understanding the processes of laser irradiation of targets. Investigations into shock waves driven by a two-step radiation pulse in polystyrene（CH） capsule targets are experimentally conducted at the Shen Guang Ⅱ laser facility. Differing from the traditional shock-timing implementation in which one shock wave could catch up with another one in solid CH, in this experiment, the second shock front in a rarefaction CH layer is observed through velocity interferometry. This second shock could also be made to converge with rarefaction waves within only a few micrometers of the CH capsule by designing the two-shock coalescence time. A shock-timing diagnostic technique to tune the multi-shock convergence in the CH capsule can thereby be achieved.The experimental results in the CH layer are quasi-quantitatively interpreted using streamlines simulated with the Multi-1 D program. The experimental results are expected to offer important information for target structure and laser pulse design, both of which are important for realizing inertial confinement fusion.

Shen in Acupuncture for Chronic Pain

Chronic pain is one of the major complaints from patients seen in all acupuncture clinics.The most common principle to treat pain with acupuncture is to activate channels to relieve pain;however,little attention has been paid to treating the patient’s shen when treating their pain.This article is an introduction to the incorporation of the treatment of shen when treating chronic pain with acupuncture.The discussion of the shen and its treatments in this article are based on the review and study of the theories and principles in the ancient classics of traditional Chinese medicine.Shen is the interaction between yin and yang.Shen is the governor of life;it controls all physical and mental activities.Shen enables us to feel pain.The disorders of shen in pain sufferers can negatively affect how they feel or recognize pain,how they response to pain and how they report their pain level.We should pay more attention to the treatment of patient’s shen during the entire treatment course of chronic pain.Guarding shen is the key to acupuncture efficacy;the essential principles are harmonizing yin and yang by needling techniques and regulating hun and po at the needling sites.

Experimental Study on Observation of Hemorheologic Parameters of Hydrocortisone Caused Shen-Yang Deficiency in Rat Models

Objective:To explore the relationship between Shen deficiency and blood stasis. Methods: Using consecutive intramuscular injection of hydrocortisone to build Shen-yang deficiency model rats, and detect their hemorheological and biochemical parameters. Results: Comparison between the model group and control group showed that the in vitro thrombus significantly lengthened in the model group (P<0.05), the dry weight increased (P<0.01), hematocrit and whole blood viscosity under high sheared change lowered (P<0.05), blood glucose elevated (P<0.01), and RBC infiltration index, aggregation index increased (P close to 0.05). Conclusion: Under the condition of Shen-yang deficiency, although blood does not show such properties of blood stasis as being 'viscous, concentrated, coagulated and aggregated', partial change of hemorheology occurs, and it is liable to form thrombus, which proves that the Shen deficiency status is accompanied with the tendency of blood stasis.

From religious manual to herbal pharmacopoeia:a textual study of the formation and transformation of Shennong's Classic of Materia Medica

The earliest Ben Cao Jing(Classics of Materia Medica;25 C.E.–220 C.E.)appeared during the reign of the Han Dynasty(202 B.C.E.–220 C.E.);their origins are traceable to the religious group called Fang Xian Dao.In addition to their use as a medical reference,the Ben Cao Jing works were also used for religious purposes.Tao Hongjing(456 C.E.–536 C.E.),a famous doctor and Daoist(one member of the Chinese local religion,Daoism)of the Liang Dynasty(502 C.E.–557 C.E.),compiled the Ben Cao Jing Ji Zhu(Variorum of Classics of Materia Medica;456 C.E.–536 C.E.)based on the Shen Nong Ben Cao Jing(Shennong’s Classic of Materia Medica;25 C.E.–220 C.E.).During the compilation of this book,Tao made a radical medical revision to the Shen Nong Ben Cao Jing,by reducing its religious contents while complementing its medical contents.After such revisions,the ancient Ben Cao Jing was transformed from a religious manual into an herbal pharmacopoeia.

DIELS-ALDER REACTIONS OF FURAN WITH DIENOPHILES CATALYZED BY YbCl_3 Zi Niu ZHOU and Qi SHEN

The yield and stereoselectivity of the Diels-Alder reactions between furan(or 2-methylfuran)and different dienophiles are markedly enhanced by the catalysis of anhydrous YbCl_3.

A Comparative Study on Conceptual Metaphors of “SHEN” and “QIAN”

This thesis is a comparative discussion of conceptual metaphors of “SHEN” and “QIAN”, carried out within the framework of conceptual metaphor from the perspective of cognitive linguistics. Both qualitative and quantitative analyses are adopted in this research. The metaphorical extensions of Chinese “SHEN”/“QIAN” and DEEP/SHALLOW concepts in English have been compared quantitatively. The statistic results show in each projected domain, which further indicates the similarities of peoples’ modes of thinking in different cultures.

On“Pestilences”in an Ancient Vietnamese Medical Book,Nan Yao Shen Xiao(《南药神效》Miraculous Vietnamese Medicine)

Nan Yao Shen Xiao(《南药神效》Miraculous Vietnamese Medicine)is“an ancient Vietnamese medical book in Chinese language”that is extant in Vietnam and plays an important part in Vietnamese medical development history.In the chapter of“Pestilences,”the characteristics,prevention,and treatment of pestilences were described in detail.By comparing Miraculous Vietnamese Medicine with Chinese medical books including Ben Cao Gang Mu(《本草纲目》Compendium of Materia Medica),it can be seen that the prevention and treatment of pestilences were profoundly influenced by Chinese medical books.The folk-proven prescriptions in Compendium of Materia Medica,Zhou Hou Bei Ji Fang(《肘后备急方》Handbook of Prescriptionsfor Emergency),Bei Ji Qian Jin Yao Fang(《备急千金要方》Important Prescriptions Worth a Thousand Gold for Emergency),and other Chinese medical books were included directly or after adaptation(slight modification in dosage and usage)in Miraculous Vietnamese Medicine.This form of“foreign acceptance”witnessed the history of medical culture communication between China and Vietnam,expanded the application scope of Chinese medicine in prevention and treatment of pestilences in a foreign land,promoted the overseas spread of folk-proven prescriptions in Chinese medicine to treat pestilences,and played a major part in treatment and prevention of disease in ancient Vietnam.

Speech by Mme.Shen Xue,President of the Chinese Figure Skating Association,Olympic Champion of Figure Skating

Your Excellency Vice-Chairman Ji Bingxuan,Ladies and Gentlemen,Friends,Good afternoon!I’m Shen Xue,President of the Chinese Figure Skating Association.It is so delighted for me to be invited to this Dialogue on Exchanges and Mutual Learning among Civilisations.The topic of my speech is:"Let sports and the spirit of sports burst out a strong force in carrying forward the shared values of mankind."

Shennongjia:Mysterious Primary Forests in Central China

IN central China,there is a mysterious forests region.According to Chinese mythology,Shennong,one of the ancestors of the Chinese nation,also known as Yandi,once tested a variety of herbs himself in order to find the right one that would save the sick.Another widely circulated tale around the place is that wild men were once spotted.Legend has it that during Shennong’s journey to find the right herb,he came across a steep mountain covered with dense forests.