In this essay, the author is setting up a Chinese perspective on the reversibility of the translated text and how to avoidreverse cultural shock in translation under the context of information age and globalization. T...In this essay, the author is setting up a Chinese perspective on the reversibility of the translated text and how to avoidreverse cultural shock in translation under the context of information age and globalization. This argument also concerns with thetopics of maintain of the ambiguity of the original text and select of the original text. The author also discussed some aspects thatpossibly or potentially affect the reversibility of the translated texts and cause the Reverse Culture Shock. Then the essay offerssome strategies in dealing with such problems in translation.展开更多
Acute pancreatitis is an inflammatory disorder of the pancreas that may cause life-threatening complications.Etiologies of pancreatitis vary,with gallstones accounting for the majority of all cases,followed by alcohol...Acute pancreatitis is an inflammatory disorder of the pancreas that may cause life-threatening complications.Etiologies of pancreatitis vary,with gallstones accounting for the majority of all cases,followed by alcohol.Other causes of pancreatitis include trauma,ischemia,mechanical obstruction,infections,autoimmune,hereditary,and drugs.The main events occurring in the pancreatic acinar cell that initiate and propagate acute pancreatitis include inhibition of secretion,intracellular activation of proteases,and generation of inflammatory mediators.Small cytokines known as chemokines are released from damaged pancreatic cells and attract inflammatory cells,whose systemic action ultimately determined the severity of the disease.Indeed,severe forms of pancreatitis may result in systemic inflammatory response syndrome and multiorgan dysfunction syndrome,characterized by a progressive physiologic failure of several interdependent organ systems.Stress occurs when homeostasis is threatened,and stressors can include physical or mental forces,or combinations of both.Depending on the timing and duration,stress can result in beneficial or harmful consequences.While it is well established that a previous acute-short-term stress decreases the severity of experimentally-induced pancreatitis,the worsening effects of chronic stress on the exocrine pancreas have received relatively little attention.This review will focus on the influence of both prior acute-short-term and chronic stress in acute pancreatitis.展开更多
文摘In this essay, the author is setting up a Chinese perspective on the reversibility of the translated text and how to avoidreverse cultural shock in translation under the context of information age and globalization. This argument also concerns with thetopics of maintain of the ambiguity of the original text and select of the original text. The author also discussed some aspects thatpossibly or potentially affect the reversibility of the translated texts and cause the Reverse Culture Shock. Then the essay offerssome strategies in dealing with such problems in translation.
基金Supported by KB and Associates Representing Certification International(United Kingdom)Limited
文摘Acute pancreatitis is an inflammatory disorder of the pancreas that may cause life-threatening complications.Etiologies of pancreatitis vary,with gallstones accounting for the majority of all cases,followed by alcohol.Other causes of pancreatitis include trauma,ischemia,mechanical obstruction,infections,autoimmune,hereditary,and drugs.The main events occurring in the pancreatic acinar cell that initiate and propagate acute pancreatitis include inhibition of secretion,intracellular activation of proteases,and generation of inflammatory mediators.Small cytokines known as chemokines are released from damaged pancreatic cells and attract inflammatory cells,whose systemic action ultimately determined the severity of the disease.Indeed,severe forms of pancreatitis may result in systemic inflammatory response syndrome and multiorgan dysfunction syndrome,characterized by a progressive physiologic failure of several interdependent organ systems.Stress occurs when homeostasis is threatened,and stressors can include physical or mental forces,or combinations of both.Depending on the timing and duration,stress can result in beneficial or harmful consequences.While it is well established that a previous acute-short-term stress decreases the severity of experimentally-induced pancreatitis,the worsening effects of chronic stress on the exocrine pancreas have received relatively little attention.This review will focus on the influence of both prior acute-short-term and chronic stress in acute pancreatitis.
