Two packet scheduling algorithms for rechargeable sensor networks are proposed based on the signal to interference plus noise ratio model.They allocate different transmission slots to conflicting packets and overcome ...Two packet scheduling algorithms for rechargeable sensor networks are proposed based on the signal to interference plus noise ratio model.They allocate different transmission slots to conflicting packets and overcome the challenges caused by the fact that the channel state changes quickly and is uncontrollable.The first algorithm proposes a prioritybased framework for packet scheduling in rechargeable sensor networks.Every packet is assigned a priority related to the transmission delay and the remaining energy of rechargeable batteries,and the packets with higher priority are scheduled first.The second algorithm mainly focuses on the energy efficiency of batteries.The priorities are related to the transmission distance of packets,and the packets with short transmission distance are scheduled first.The sensors are equipped with low-capacity rechargeable batteries,and the harvest-store-use model is used.We consider imperfect batteries.That is,the battery capacity is limited,and battery energy leaks over time.The energy harvesting rate,energy retention rate and transmission power are known.Extensive simulation results indicate that the battery capacity has little effect on the packet scheduling delay.Therefore,the algorithms proposed in this paper are very suitable for wireless sensor networks with low-capacity batteries.展开更多
文章基于SINR(Signal to Interference and Noise Ratio)干扰模型设计了最短链路调度算法L3S(Low Latency Link Scheduling),理论证明了L3S的正确性并给出了L3S的近似比。将网络区域划分为六边形的网格,如果通信链路位于相距较远的六边...文章基于SINR(Signal to Interference and Noise Ratio)干扰模型设计了最短链路调度算法L3S(Low Latency Link Scheduling),理论证明了L3S的正确性并给出了L3S的近似比。将网络区域划分为六边形的网格,如果通信链路位于相距较远的六边形中,他们可能会同时通信。为了简化SINR计算,L3S不考虑环境噪声。可以证明,当考虑环境噪声时,算法L3S得到的结果仍然是正确的,只需要提高链路的发送功率及SINR阈值β。展开更多
In recent years,due to the wide implementation of mobile agents,the Internet-of-Things(IoT) networks have been applied in several real-life scenarios,servicing applications in the areas of public safety,proximity-base...In recent years,due to the wide implementation of mobile agents,the Internet-of-Things(IoT) networks have been applied in several real-life scenarios,servicing applications in the areas of public safety,proximity-based services,and fog computing.Meanwhile,when more complex tasks are processed in IoT networks,demands on identity authentication,certifiable traceability,and privacy protection for services in IoT networks increase.Building a blockchain system in IoT networks can greatly satisfy such demands.However,the blockchain building in IoT brings about new challenges compared with that in the traditional full-blown Internet with reliable transmissions,especially in terms of achieving consensus on each block in complex wireless environments,which directly motivates our work.In this study,we fully considered the challenges of achieving a consensus in a blockchain system in IoT networks,including the negative impacts caused by contention and interference in wireless channel,and the lack of reliable transmissions and prior network organizations.By proposing a distributed consensus algorithm for blockchains on multi-hop IoT networks,we showed that it is possible to directly reach a consensus for blockchains in IoT networks,without relying on any additional network layers or protocols to provide reliable and ordered communications.In our theoretical analysis,we showed that our consensus algorithm is asymptotically optimal on time complexity and is energy saving.The extensive simulation results also validate our conclusions in the theoretical analysis.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grants 62272256,61832012,and 61771289Major Program of Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation for the Fundamental Research under Grant ZR2022ZD03+1 种基金the Pilot Project for Integrated Innovation of Science,Education and Industry of Qilu University of Technology(Shandong Academy of Sciences)under Grant 2022XD001Shandong Province Fundamental Research under Grant ZR201906140028。
文摘Two packet scheduling algorithms for rechargeable sensor networks are proposed based on the signal to interference plus noise ratio model.They allocate different transmission slots to conflicting packets and overcome the challenges caused by the fact that the channel state changes quickly and is uncontrollable.The first algorithm proposes a prioritybased framework for packet scheduling in rechargeable sensor networks.Every packet is assigned a priority related to the transmission delay and the remaining energy of rechargeable batteries,and the packets with higher priority are scheduled first.The second algorithm mainly focuses on the energy efficiency of batteries.The priorities are related to the transmission distance of packets,and the packets with short transmission distance are scheduled first.The sensors are equipped with low-capacity rechargeable batteries,and the harvest-store-use model is used.We consider imperfect batteries.That is,the battery capacity is limited,and battery energy leaks over time.The energy harvesting rate,energy retention rate and transmission power are known.Extensive simulation results indicate that the battery capacity has little effect on the packet scheduling delay.Therefore,the algorithms proposed in this paper are very suitable for wireless sensor networks with low-capacity batteries.
文摘文章基于SINR(Signal to Interference and Noise Ratio)干扰模型设计了最短链路调度算法L3S(Low Latency Link Scheduling),理论证明了L3S的正确性并给出了L3S的近似比。将网络区域划分为六边形的网格,如果通信链路位于相距较远的六边形中,他们可能会同时通信。为了简化SINR计算,L3S不考虑环境噪声。可以证明,当考虑环境噪声时,算法L3S得到的结果仍然是正确的,只需要提高链路的发送功率及SINR阈值β。
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (No. 2020YFB1005900)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) (Nos. 6212200494,61971269,and 6210070740)。
文摘In recent years,due to the wide implementation of mobile agents,the Internet-of-Things(IoT) networks have been applied in several real-life scenarios,servicing applications in the areas of public safety,proximity-based services,and fog computing.Meanwhile,when more complex tasks are processed in IoT networks,demands on identity authentication,certifiable traceability,and privacy protection for services in IoT networks increase.Building a blockchain system in IoT networks can greatly satisfy such demands.However,the blockchain building in IoT brings about new challenges compared with that in the traditional full-blown Internet with reliable transmissions,especially in terms of achieving consensus on each block in complex wireless environments,which directly motivates our work.In this study,we fully considered the challenges of achieving a consensus in a blockchain system in IoT networks,including the negative impacts caused by contention and interference in wireless channel,and the lack of reliable transmissions and prior network organizations.By proposing a distributed consensus algorithm for blockchains on multi-hop IoT networks,we showed that it is possible to directly reach a consensus for blockchains in IoT networks,without relying on any additional network layers or protocols to provide reliable and ordered communications.In our theoretical analysis,we showed that our consensus algorithm is asymptotically optimal on time complexity and is energy saving.The extensive simulation results also validate our conclusions in the theoretical analysis.
