Argatroban promotes recovery of spinal cord injury by inhibiting the PAR1/JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway

Argatroban is a synthetic thrombin inhibitor approved by U.S.Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of thrombosis.However,whether it plays a role in the repair of spinal cord injury is unknown.In this study,we established a rat model of T10 moderate spinal cord injury using an NYU Impactor ModerⅢand performed intraperitoneal injection of argatroban for 3 consecutive days.Our results showed that argatroban effectively promoted neurological function recovery after spinal cord injury and decreased thrombin expression and activity in the local injured spinal cord.RNA sequencing transcriptomic analysis revealed that the differentially expressed genes in the argatroban-treated group were enriched in the JAK2/STAT3 pathway,which is involved in astrogliosis and glial scar formation.Western blotting and immunofluorescence results showed that argatroban downregulated the expression of the thrombin receptor PAR1 in the injured spinal cord and the JAK2/STAT3 signal pathway.Argatroban also inhibited the activation and proliferation of astrocytes and reduced glial scar formation in the spinal cord.Taken together,these findings suggest that argatroban may inhibit astrogliosis by inhibiting the thrombin-mediated PAR1/JAK2/STAT3 signal pathway,thereby promoting the recovery of neurological function after spinal cord injury.

Spi1 regulates the microglial/macrophage inflammatory response via the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway after intracerebral hemorrhage

Preclinical and clinical studies have shown that microglia and macrophages participate in a multiphasic brain damage repair process following intracerebral hemorrhage.The E26 transformation-specific sequence-related transcription factor Spi1 regulates microglial/macrophage commitment and maturation.However,the effect of Spi1 on intracerebral hemorrhage remains unclear.In this study,we found that Spi1 may regulate recovery from the neuroinflammation and neurofunctional damage caused by intracerebral hemorrhage by modulating the microglial/macrophage transcriptome.We showed that high Spi1expression in microglia/macrophages after intracerebral hemorrhage is associated with the activation of many pathways that promote phagocytosis,glycolysis,and autophagy,as well as debris clearance and sustained remyelination.Notably,microglia with higher levels of Soil expression were chara cterized by activation of pathways associated with a variety of hemorrhage-related cellular processes,such as complement activation,angiogenesis,and coagulation.In conclusion,our results suggest that Spi1 plays a vital role in the microglial/macrophage inflammatory response following intracerebral hemorrhage.This new insight into the regulation of Spi1 and its target genes may advance our understanding of neuroinflammation in intracerebral hemorrhage and provide therapeutic targets for patients with intracerebral hemorrhage.

Enhancement of porcine in vitro embryonic development through luteolin‑mediated activation of the Nrf2/Keap1 signaling pathway

Background Oxidative stress,caused by an imbalance in the production and elimination of intracellular reactive oxygen species(ROS),has been recognized for its detrimental effects on mammalian embryonic development.Luteolin(Lut)has been documented for its protective effects against oxidative stress in various studies.However,its specific role in embryonic development remains unexplored.This study aims to investigate the influence of Lut on porcine embryonic development and to elucidate the underlying mechanism.Results After undergoing parthenogenetic activation(PA)or in vitro fertilization,embryos supplemented with 0.5μmol/L Lut displayed a significant enhancement in cleavage and blastocyst formation rates,with an increase in total cell numbers and a decrease in the apoptosis rate compared to the control.Measurements on D2 and D6 revealed that embryos with Lut supplementation had lower ROS levels and higher glutathione levels compared to the control.Moreover,Lut supplementation significantly augmented mitochondrial content and membrane potential.Intriguingly,activation of the Nrf2/Keap1 signaling pathway was observed in embryos supplemented with Lut,leading to the upregulation of antioxidant-related gene transcription levels.To further validate the relationship between the Nrf2/Keap1 signaling pathway and effects of Lut in porcine embryonic development,we cultured PA embryos in a medium supplemented with brusatol,with or without the inclusion of Lut.The positive effects of Lut on developmental competence were negated by brusatol treatment.Conclusions Our findings indicate that Lut-mediated activation of the Nrf2/Keap1 signaling pathway contributes to the enhanced production of porcine embryos with high developmental competence,and offers insight into the mechanisms regulating early embryonic development.

Pachymic acid exerts antitumor activities by modulating the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway via targeting PTP1B

Objective:To determine the inhibitory effects of pachymic acid on lung adenocarcinoma(LUAD)cells and elucidate its underlying mechanism.Methods:CCK-8,wound healing,Transwell,Western blot,tube formation,and immunofluorescence assays were carried out to measure the effects of various concentrations of pachymic acid on LUAD cell proliferation,metastasis,angiogenesis as well as autophagy.Subsequently,molecular docking technology was used to detect the potential targeted binding association between pachymic acid and protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B(PTP1B).Moreover,PTP1B was overexpressed in A549 cells to detect the specific mechanisms of pachymic acid.Results:Pachymic acid suppressed LUAD cell viability,metastasis as well as angiogenesis while inducing cell autophagy.It also targeted PTP1B and lowered PTP1B expression.However,PTP1B overexpression reversed the effects of pachymic acid on metastasis,angiogenesis,and autophagy as well as the expression of Wnt3a andβ-catenin in LUAD cells.Conclusions:Pachymic acid inhibits metastasis and angiogenesis,and promotes autophagy in LUAD cells by modulating the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway via targeting PTP1B.

Exploring the effect of Bushen Bitong recipe-containing serum on IL-1β-induced chondrocyte apoptosis based on SOX9/NF-κB/MMP-13 signaling pathway

Objective:To observe the effect and possible mechanism of action of Bushen Bitong recipe(BSBT)containing serum on IL-1β-induced chondrocyte apoptosis.Methods:Generation 3 rat chondrocytes were randomized into Control,IL-1β,IL-1β+BSBT(L),IL-1β+BSBT(M),and IL-1β+BSBT(H)groups(5%,10%and 15%BSBT-containing serum),and then 24h after intervention respectively,the cell proliferation and Apoptosis rate;Western blot detected the expression levels of Bcl-2,BAX,Caspase-3,SOX9,NF-κB p65,MMP-13 proteins in chondrocytes.ELISA detected the levels of TNF-α,IL-6,and bFGF in the supernatants of chondrocyte culture.Results:Compared with Control group,cell proliferation activity decreased,apoptosis rate increased,NF-κB p65,MMP-13 protein level and TNF-α,IL-6 level increased,and SOX9 protein level and bFGF level decreased in IL-1βgroup;compared with IL-1βgroup,different concentrations of BSBT-containing serum group,cell proliferation activity increased,and apoptosis rate decreased.NF-κB p65,MMP-13 protein level and TNF-α,IL-6 level decreased,SOX9 protein level and bFGF level increased;compared with IL-1β+BSBT(L)group,cell proliferation activity increased,apoptosis rate decreased in IL-1β+BSBT(M)and IL-1β+BSBT(H)groups,and NF-κB p65,MMP-13 protein level and TNF-αlevel decreased.13 protein levels and TNF-αand IL-6 levels decreased,and SOX9 protein levels and bFGF levels increased.Conclusion:BSBT-containing serum may promote IL-1β-induced proliferation of chondrocytes,reduce apoptosis,improve the microenvironment of chondrocytes,and promote cartilage repair through the SOX9/NF-κB/MMP-13 signaling pathway.

Electroacupuncture improves myocardial fibrosis in heart failure rats by attenuating ECM collagen deposition through modulation of TGF-β1/Smads signaling pathway

Background: To explore the effects of electroacupuncture on cardiac function and myocardial fibrosis in rat models of heart failure, and to elucidate the underlying mechanism of electroacupuncture in heart failure treatment. Methods: Healthy male Sprague-Dawley rats were allocated into three groups: Sham group, Model group, and electroacupuncture (Model + EA) group, with each group comprising 8 rats. The model underwent a procedure involving the ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery to induce a model of heart failure. The Model + EA group was used for 7 consecutive days for electroacupuncture of bilateral Shenmen (HT7) and Tongli (HT5), once a day for 30 min each time. Left ventricular parameters in rats were assessed using a small-animal ultrasound machine to analyze changes in left ventricular end-diastolic volume, left ventricular end-systolic volume, left ventricular ejection fraction, and left ventricular fractional shortening. Serum interleukin-1β (IL-1β), cardiac troponin (cTn), and N-terminal brain natriuretic peptide precursor levels were measured using ELISA. Histopathological changes in rat myocardium were observed through HE staining, while collagen deposition in rat myocardial tissue was assessed using the Masson staining method. Picro sirius red staining, immunohistochemical staining, and RT-qPCR were utilized to distinguish between the various types of collagen deposition. The expression level of TGF-β1 and SMAD2/3/4/7 mRNA in rat myocardial tissues was determined using RT-qPCR. Additionally, western blot analysis was conducted to assess the protein expression levels of TGF-β1, SMAD3/7, and p-SMAD3 in rat myocardial tissues. Results: Compared with the Sham group, the left ventricular ejection fraction and left ventricular fractional shortening values of the Model group were significantly decreased (P < 0.01);the left ventricular end-diastolic volume and left ventricular end-systolic volume values were remarkably increased (P < 0.01);serum N-terminal brain natriuretic peptide precursor content was increased (P < 0.01);serum IL-1β and cTn levels were increased (P < 0.01);myocardial collagen volume fraction were increased (P < 0.01);and those of the expression of TGF-β1 and SMAD2/3/4 mRNA was increased (P < 0.01);the expression of SMAD7 mRNA was decreased (P < 0.01);the protein expression levels of TGF-β1, SMAD3, and p-Smad3 were increased (P < 0.01);the protein expression level of SMAD7 was decreased (P < 0.01) in the Model group. Compared to the Model group, the expression levels of the proteins TGF-β1, SMAD3, and p-Smad3 in myocardial tissue were found to be decreased (P < 0.01), and the expression level of the protein SMAD7 was found to be increased (P < 0.01) in the Model + EA group;the collagen volume fraction and deposition of type Ⅰ /Ⅲ collagen were decreased (P < 0.01) in the Model + EA group. Conclusion: Electroacupuncture alleviates myocardial fibrosis in rats with heart failure, and this effect is likely due to attributed to the modulation of the TGF-β1/Smads signaling pathway, which helps reduce collagen deposition in the extracellular matrix.

Exploring the mechanism of electroacupuncture at different acupoints on acute colitis rats based on JAK2/STAT3/SOCS1 signaling pathway

Objective:To investigate the mechanism of JAK2/STAT3/SOCS1 signaling pathway in electroacupuncture of different acupoints on acute colitis rats.Methods:36 SPF SD rats were randomly divided into 6 groups,with 6 rats in each group.The rat model of acute colitis was prepared by enema with glacial acetic acid solution.After the model was established,electroacupuncture was given to each acupoint group,with density wave,frequency 2Hz-50 Hz,intensity 2 mA,muscle tremor as the degree 20 min/time,1 time/day,for 3 consecutive days.Observe the general condition of rats;the pathological changes of colonic mucosa in rats were observed by HE method.The contents of serum interleukin-4(IL-4)and interleukin-8(IL-8)were detected by ELISA.Western blot and RT-PCR were used to detect the expression of JAK2,STAT3,SOCS1 protein and mRNA in rat colon tissue.Results:In contrast to the normal group,the overall condition of the model group was worse,the colonic mucosa was severely damaged,even necrotic,and the ulcer surface was obvious.The content of IL-4 in serum was obviously reduced,and the content of IL-8 was obviously go up(P<0.01).The protein content of JAK2,STAT3 and the expression of JAK2,STAT3 mRNA in colon tissue of rats were obviously go up,while the protein content of SOCS1 and the expression of SOCS1 mRNA were obviously reduced(P<0.01).In contrast to the model group,the general condition of rats in each acupoint group was significantly improved,the damage and necrosis of colonic mucosa and ulcer surface were obviously alleviated,the content of IL-4 in serum was obviously go up,and the content of IL-8 was significantly decreased(P<0.01).The protein content of JAK2,STAT3 and the expression of JAK2,STAT3 mRNA in colon tissue of rats were obviously reduced,while the protein content of SOCS1 and the expression of SOCS1 mRNA were obviously go up(P<0.05,P<0.01).Comparison of different acupoint groups,the colonic mucosal injury in the Zusanli group was significantly reduced,the content of serum IL-4 was significantly increased,and the content of IL-8 was significantly decreased(P<0.05,P<0.01).The protein content and mRNA expression of JAK2 and STAT3 in colon tissue were significantly down-regulated,while the protein content and mRNA expression of SOCS1 were significantly go up(P<0.05,P<0.01).Conclusion:Electroacupuncture at each acupoint can improve the damage of colonic mucosa and reduce the inflammatory response.The therapeutic effect of Zusanli(ST36)is better than that of Tianshu(ST25),Dachangshu(BL25)and Shangjuxu(ST37).The mechanism may be related to the regulation of JAK2/STAT3/SOCS1 signaling pathway related proteins and inflammatory cytokines IL-4 and IL-8.

X-Paste improves wound healing in diabetes via NF-E2-related factor/HO-1 signaling pathway

BACKGROUND Diabetic foot ulcers(DFU),as severe complications of diabetes mellitus(DM),significantly compromise patient health and carry risks of amputation and mortality.AIM To offer new insights into the occurrence and development of DFU,focusing on the therapeutic mechanisms of X-Paste(XP)of wound healing in diabetic mice.METHODS Employing traditional Chinese medicine ointment preparation methods,XP combines various medicinal ingredients.High-performance liquid chromatography(HPLC)identified XP’s main components.Using streptozotocin(STZ)-induced diabetic,we aimed to investigate whether XP participated in the process of diabetic wound healing.RNA-sequencing analyzed gene expression differences between XP-treated and control groups.Molecular docking clarified XP’s treatment mechanisms for diabetic wound healing.Human umbilical vein endothelial cells(HUVECs)were used to investigate the effects of Andrographolide(Andro)on cell viability,reactive oxygen species generation,apoptosis,proliferation,and metastasis in vitro following exposure to high glucose(HG),while NF-E2-related factor-2(Nrf2)knockdown elucidated Andro’s molecular mechanisms.RESULTS XP notably enhanced wound healing in mice,expediting the healing process.RNA-sequencing revealed Nrf2 upregulation in DM tissues following XP treatment.HPLC identified 21 primary XP components,with Andro exhibiting strong Nrf2 binding.Andro mitigated HG-induced HUVECs proliferation,metastasis,angiogenic injury,and inflammation inhibition.Andro alleviates HG-induced HUVECs damage through Nrf2/HO-1 pathway activation,with Nrf2 knockdown reducing Andro’s proliferative and endothelial protective effects.CONCLUSION XP significantly promotes wound healing in STZ-induced diabetic models.As XP’s key component,Andro activates the Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway,enhancing cell proliferation,tubule formation,and inflammation reduction.

扶正解毒方对病毒性心肌炎大鼠氧化应激及Sirt1/FoxO3a通路的影响

目的 基于沉默信息调节因子2相关酶1(Sirt1)/叉头蛋白O3a(FoxO3a)通路探究扶正解毒方对病毒性心肌炎(VMC)大鼠的影响。方法 大鼠腹腔注射柯萨奇B3病毒(CVB3)法建立VMC模型,随机分为模型组、扶正解毒方低剂量组(28 g/kg)、扶正解毒方高剂量组(112 g/kg)、EX527组(Sirt1抑制剂,1μg/kg)、扶正解毒方(28 g/kg)+EX527(1μg/kg)组,每组15只,另取未造模的正常大鼠15只为正常组,连续给药10 d。检测大鼠超声心动图Tie指数,HE染色观察心肌组织病理损伤情况,ELISA法检测血清心肌损伤标志物、氧化应激水平,TUNEL法检测心肌组织细胞凋亡率,免疫组化法检测心肌组织Sirt1表达,Western blot法检测心肌组织FoxO3a、磷酸化FoxO3a(p-FoxO3a)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GPx)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、细胞周期抑制蛋白p27、半胱氨酸天冬氨酸蛋白水解酶3(caspase3)表达。结果 与正常组比较,模型组大鼠心肌细胞坏死加重,大鼠出现死亡,Tie指数、血清心肌损伤标志物、氧化应激指标水平均升高(P<0.05),Sirt1/FoxO3通路蛋白及其介导的抗氧化应激、抗凋亡相关蛋白表达降低(P<0.05);与模型组比较,扶正解毒方各剂量组大鼠无死亡,心肌组织损伤得以缓解,Tie指数、血清心肌损伤标志物、氧化应激指标水平均降低(P<0.05),Sirt1/FoxO3通路蛋白及其介导的抗氧化应激、抗凋亡相关蛋白表达升高(P<0.05);EX527可加重VMC大鼠的死亡及心肌细胞氧化损伤等症状,并逆转扶正解毒方对抗病毒性心肌炎的作用(P<0.05)。结论 扶正解毒方可通过激活Sirt1/FoxO3a通路缓解VMC大鼠心肌氧化应激损伤。

川陈皮素通过FOXO3a/SIRT1通路减轻脂多糖诱导的肺损伤

目的 观察川陈皮素在脓毒症肺损伤中的作用,并探究其潜在机制。方法 采用随机数字表法将48只8~10周的雄性C57 BL/6小鼠分为4组,即对照组、肺损伤组、治疗组(5mg/kg)和治疗组(10mg/kg),每组各12只。对照组不做任何处理;肺损伤组小鼠腹腔注射脂多糖(10mg/kg);治疗组(5mg/kg)小鼠接受腹腔注射脂多糖(10mg/kg)的同时予以川陈皮素(5mg/kg)灌胃;治疗组(10mg/kg)小鼠接受腹腔注射脂多糖(10mg/kg),同时予以川陈皮素(10mg/kg)灌胃。脂多糖腹腔注射12h后,检测各组小鼠肺功能及动脉血气,同时留取肺组织,分别从病理学和分子生物学层面评估小鼠肺损伤状况及可能靶点。结果 与对照组比较,肺损伤组小鼠气道压力、PaCO_(2)、肺损伤评分明显增高,PaO_(2)明显降低(P<0.05);与肺损伤组比较,治疗组(5mg/kg)和治疗组(10mg/kg)小鼠气道压力、PaCO_(2)、肺损伤评分明显降低,PaO_(2)明显升高(P<0.05)。Western blot法检测结果显示,与对照组比较,肺损伤组小鼠肺组织中IL-1β、TNF-α、TXNIP和4-HNE的蛋白表达水平明显升高(P<0.05);与肺损伤组比较,治疗组(5mg/kg)和治疗组(10mg/kg)小鼠肺组织上述蛋白表达水平明显降低(P<0.05)。此外,肺损伤组小鼠肺组织中FOXO3a和SIRT1的蛋白表达水平较对照组明显降低(P<0.05);与肺损伤组比较,治疗组(5mg/kg)和治疗组(10mg/kg)小鼠肺组织中FOXO3a和SIRT1蛋白表达水平明显上调(P<0.05)。结论 川陈皮素可抑制小鼠脓毒症肺损伤并减轻氧化应激和炎性反应,其机制可能与川陈皮素对FOXO3a/SIRT1通路激活有关。

Effect and Mechanism of Dicliptera chinensis Polysaccharide on miR-141/AMPK/SIRT1 Signaling Pathway in Rats with NAFLD

[Objectives]Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)rat model was established by feeding high-fat and high-sugar fodder to rats,and the protective effect of Dicliptera chinensis polysaccharide(DCP)on NAFLD rats was studied to explore its potential mechanism.[Methods]45 SD rats were randomly divided into 4 groups:normal control group,model control group and DCP treatment groups(100 and 300 mg/kg).The rats in the normal control group were fed with ordinary fodder,and the rats in other groups were fed with high-fat and high-sugar diet for 14 weeks to establish NAFLD model.From the 9^(th)week,the rats in the DCP treatment groups were given different doses of DCP by intragastric administration(5 mL/kg)for 6 weeks.After the last intragastric administration,the rats fasted for 16 h,and the serum and liver of rats were collected for detection.Hematoxylin-eosin(HE)staining was conducted to observe the histopathological changes of rat liver,and alanine aminotransferase(ALT),aspartate aminotransferase(AST),superoxide dismutase(SOD),glutathione peroxidase(GSH-Px),malondialdehyde(MDA),triglyceride(TG),total cholesterol(TC),low density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C),and high density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C)were detected by biochemical method.Interleukin-6(IL-6),interleukin-1β(IL-1β),tumor necrosis factor(TNF-α)and micrornA-141(micro RNA-141)were detected by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR).The expression of SIRT1 and adenosine 5'-monophosphate(AMP)-activated protein kinase(AMPK)in rat liver was detected by western blot.[Results]Compared with the model control group,the inflammatory damage and steatodegeneration of rats in the DCP groups were relieved to varying degrees,and the number of lipid vacuoles significantly reduced.The ALT,AST,TC,TG and LDL-C content in the serum and MDA content in the liver tissue decreased to varying degrees,while the HDL-C,SOD and GSH-Px content increased.The expression of SIRT1 and AMPK increased,while the expression of miR-141,TNF-α,IL-6 and IL-1βdeclined,and the DCP 300 mg/kg treatment group had better improvement effect.[Conclusions]DCP had a certain protective effect on NAFLD rats,which may be related to the regulation of miR-141/AMPK/SIRT1 signaling pathway.

Calcitriol attenuates liver fibrosis through hepatitis C virus nonstructural protein 3-transactivated protein 1-mediated TGF β1/Smad3 and NF-κB signaling pathways

BACKGROUND Hepatic fibrosis is a serious condition,and the development of hepatic fibrosis can lead to a series of complications.However,the pathogenesis of hepatic fibrosis remains unclear,and effective therapy options are still lacking.Our group identified hepatitis C virus nonstructural protein 3-transactivated protein 1(NS3TP1) by suppressive subtractive hybridization and bioinformatics analysis,but its role in diseases including hepatic fibrosis remains undefined.Therefore,additional studies on the function of NS3TP1 in hepatic fibrosis are urgently needed to provide new targets for treatment.AIM To elucidate the mechanism of NS3TP1 in hepatic fibrosis and the regulatory effects of calcitriol on NS3TP1.METHODS Twenty-four male C57BL/6 mice were randomized and separated into three groups,comprising the normal,fibrosis,and calcitriol treatment groups,and liver fibrosis was modeled by carbon tetrachloride(CCl4).To evaluate the level of hepatic fibrosis in every group,serological and pathological examinations of the liver were conducted.TGF-β1 was administered to boost the in vitro cultivation of LX-2 cells.NS3TP1,α-smooth muscle actin(α-SMA),collagen I,and collagen Ⅲ in every group were examined using a Western blot and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction.The activity of the transforming growth factor beta 1(TGFβ1)/Smad3 and NF-κB signaling pathways in each group of cells transfected with pcDNA-NS3TP1 or siRNA-NS3TP1 was detected.The statistical analysis of the data was performed using the Student’s t test.RESULTS NS3TP1 promoted the activation,proliferation,and differentiation of hepatic stellate cells(HSCs)and enhanced hepatic fibrosis via the TGFβ1/Smad3 and NF-κB signaling pathways,as evidenced by the presence of α-SMA,collagen I,collagen Ⅲ,p-smad3,and p-p65 in LX-2 cells,which were upregulated after NS3TP1 overexpression and downregulated after NS3TP1 interference.The proliferation of HSCs was lowered after NS3TP1 interference and elevated after NS3TP1 overexpression,as shown by the luciferase assay.NS3TP1 inhibited the apoptosis of HSCs.Moreover,both Smad3 and p65 could bind to NS3TP1,and p65 increased the promoter activity of NS3TP1,while NS3TP1 increased the promoter activity of TGFβ1 receptor I,as indicated by coimmunoprecipitation and luciferase assay results.Both in vivo and in vitro,treatment with calcitriol dramatically reduced the expression of NS3TP1.Calcitriol therapy-controlled HSCs activation,proliferation,and differentiation and substantially suppressed CCl4-induced hepatic fibrosis in mice.Furthermore,calcitriol modulated the activities of the above signaling pathways via downregulation of NS3TP1.CONCLUSION Our results suggest that calcitriol may be employed as an adjuvant therapy for hepatic fibrosis and that NS3TP1 is a unique,prospective therapeutic target in hepatic fibrosis.

YWHAH activates the HMGA1/PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway by positively regulating Fra-1 to affect the proliferation of gastric cancer cells

Fos-related antigen 1(Fra-1)is a nuclear transcription factor that regulates cell growth,differentiation,and apoptosis.It is involved in the proliferation,invasion,apoptosis and epithelial mesenchymal transformation of malignant tumor cells.Fra-1 is highly expressed in gastric cancer(GC),affects the cycle distribution and apoptosis of GC cells,and participates in GC occurrence and development.However,the detailed mechanism of Fra-1 in GC is unclear,such as the identification of Fra-1-interacting proteins and their role in GC pathogenesis.In this study,we identified tyrosine 3-monooxygenase/tryptophan 5-monooxygenase activation protein eta(YWHAH)as a Fra-1-interacting protein in GC cells using co-immunoprecipitation combined with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.Experiments showed that YWHAH positively regulated Fra-1 mRNA and protein expression,and affected GC cell proliferation.Whole proteome analysis showed that Fra-1 affected the activity of the high mobility group AT-hook 1(HMGA1)/phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase(PI3K)/protein kinase B(AKT)/mechanistic target of rapamycin(mTOR)signaling pathway in GC cells.Western blotting and flow cytometry confirmed that YWHAH activated HMGA1/PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway by positively regulating Fra-1 to affect GC cell proliferation.These results will help to discover new molecular targets for the early diagnosis,treatment,and prognosis prediction of GC.

Simiao Wan alleviates obesity-associated insulin resistance via PKCε/IRS-1/PI3K/Akt signaling pathway based on network pharmacology analysis and experimental validation

Background:The purpose of the study was to investigatethe active ingredients and potential biochemicalmechanisms of Simiao Wan(SMW)in obesity-associated insulin resistance.Methods:An integrated network pharmacology method to screen the active compoundsand candidate targets,construct the protein-protein-interaction network,and ingredients-targets-pathways network was constructed for topological analysis to identify core targets and main ingredients.To find the possible signaling pathways,enrichment analysis was performed.Further,a model of insulin resistance in HL-7702 cells was established to verify the impact of SMW and the regulatory processes.Results:An overall of 63 active components and 151 candidate targets were obtained,in which flavonoids were the main ingredients.Enrichment analysis indicated that the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway was the potential pathway regulated by SMW in obesity-associated insulin resistance treatment.The result showed that SMW could significantly ameliorate insulin sensitivity,increase glucose synthesis and glucose utilization and reduce intracellular lipids accumulation in hepatocytes.Also,SMW inhibited diacylglycerols accumulation-induced PKCεactivity and decreased its translocation to the membrane.Conclusion:SMW ameliorated obesity-associated insulin resistance through PKCε/IRS-1/PI3K/Akt signaling axis in hepatocytes,providing a new strategy for metabolic disease treatment.

Effects of Cigu Xiaozhi Formula on miR-378a-3p Expression and Hh Signaling Pathway in TGF-β1 Induced LX2 Cells

[Objectives]To observe the effects of Cigu Xiaozhi Formula on miR-378a-3p expression and Hh signaling pathway in TGF-β1 induced and activated LX2 cells.[Methods]Cells were divided into control group,induction group,drug-containing serum group,miR-378a-3p inhibitor group,and miR inhibitor NC group.CCK-8 method was used to detect the cell viability of each group,and flow cytometry was used to detect the apoptosis rate of each group.RT-qPCR was used to detect the expression of miR-378a-3p in each group s cells,and RT-qPCR and Western blot were used to detect mRNA and protein expression of Shh,Gli1,Gli2,Col-I,andα-SMA in each group s cells.[Results]Compared with the control group,the cell viability and expression of Shh,Gli1,Gli2,Col-I,andα-SMA mRNA and protein in induction group increased(P<0.01),while the expression of miR-378a-3p decreased(P<0.01).Compared with the induction group,the cell viability and expression of Shh,Gli1,Gli2,Col-I,α-SMA mRNA andα-SMA and Gli2 protein decreased in drug-containing serum group(P<0.05),while cell apoptosis rate and miR-378a-3p expression increased(P<0.01).In miR-378a-3p inhibitor group,cell viability and the expression of Shh,Gli1,Gli2,Col-I,α-SMA mRNA and Gli1,Gli2,α-SMA protein increased(P<0.05,P<0.01),while the apoptosis rate and miR-378a-3p expression decreased(P<0.05,P<0.01).[Conclusions]Cigu Xiaozhi Formula containing serum can upregulate miR-378a-3p expression and downregulate the expression of Gli2 andα-SMA in TGF-β1 induced LX2 cells,thereby inhibiting the activation of LX2 cells and exerting the effects of anti liver fibrosis.

CD38抑制剂通过Sirt3/FoxO1途径抑制心肌缺血/再灌注损伤的研究

目的探讨CD38抑制剂减轻心肌缺血/再灌注损伤的作用及机制研究。方法雄性SD大鼠20只给予适应性喂养7 d后,随机分为四组,分别为假手术(A)组、心肌缺血/再灌注(B)组、心肌缺血/再灌注+CD38抑制剂(C)组和心肌缺血/再灌注+CD38抑制剂+Sirt3抑制剂(3-TYP)(D)组。B、C、D组建立心肌缺血/再灌注模型。C组和D组用木犀草素(特异性CD38抑制剂)[100 mg/(kg·d)]连续灌胃2周,D组造模前30 min尾静脉注射3-TYP。记录心电图,检测血清肌钙蛋白T水平、ROS水平,测定心肌病变,检测心肌组织中Sirt3、FoxO1、Bax、Bcl-2蛋白表达水平。结果与A组相比,B组心电图ST段明显抬高;与B组相比,C组ST段回落;与C组相比,D组ST段抬高。与A组相比,B组肌钙蛋白T、ROS水平显著增高(P<0.01);与B组相比,C组肌钙蛋白T、ROS水平则显著降低(P<0.01);与C组相比,D组肌钙蛋白T、ROS水平明显增高(P<0.01和P<0.05)。HE染色显示A组心肌排列整齐,无明显炎症浸润,B组结构紊乱,可见炎症细胞浸润,C组和D组较B组排列明显整齐。TUNEL染色结果显示,与A组相比,B组TUNEL阳性细胞比例显著增加(P<0.01);与B组相比,C组的TUNEL阳性细胞比例明显降低(P<0.01);与C组相比,D组的TUNEL阳性细胞比例则显著增加(P<0.01)。与A组相比,B组Sirt3蛋白表达水平显著降低(P<0.01);与B组相比,C组Sirt3蛋白表达水平显著升高(P<0.01);与C组相比,D组Sirt3蛋白表达水平则明显降低(P<0.05)。与A组相比,B组FoxO1蛋白和Bcl-2蛋白表达水平显著降低(P<0.01);与B组相比,C组FoxO1蛋白和Bcl-2蛋白表达水平则显著升高(P<0.01);与C组相比,D组则显著降低(P<0.01和P<0.05)。与A组相比,B组Bax蛋白表达显著升高(P<0.01);与B组相比,C组则显著降低(P<0.01);与C组相比,D组Bax水平则显著升高(P<0.01)。结论CD38抑制剂可能通过Sirt3/FoxO1途径抑制心肌缺血/再灌注引起的心肌损伤。

Effect of ginsenoside Rg1 on hematopoietic stem cells in treating aplastic anemia in mice via MAPK pathway

BACKGROUND Aplastic anemia(AA)presents a significant clinical challenge as a life-threatening condition due to failure to produce essential blood cells,with the current the-rapeutic options being notably limited.AIM To assess the therapeutic potential of ginsenoside Rg1 on AA,specifically its protective effects,while elucidating the mechanism at play.METHODS We employed a model of myelosuppression induced by cyclophosphamide(CTX)in C57 mice,followed by administration of ginsenoside Rg1 over 13 d.The invest-igation included examining the bone marrow,thymus and spleen for pathological changes via hematoxylin-eosin staining.Moreover,orbital blood of mice was collected for blood routine examinations.Flow cytometry was employed to identify the impact of ginsenoside Rg1 on cell apoptosis and cycle in the bone marrow of AA mice.Additionally,the study further evaluated cytokine levels with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and analyzed the expression of key proteins in the MAPK signaling pathway via western blot.RESULTS Administration of CTX led to significant damage to the bone marrow’s structural integrity and a reduction in hematopoietic cells,establishing a model of AA.Ginsenoside Rg1 successfully reversed hematopoietic dysfunction in AA mice.In comparison to the AA group,ginsenoside Rg1 provided relief by reducing the induction of cell apoptosis and inflammation factors caused by CTX.Furthermore,it helped alleviate the blockade in the cell cycle.Treatment with ginsenoside Rg1 significantly alleviated myelosuppression in mice by inhibiting the MAPK signaling pathway.CONCLUSION This study suggested that ginsenoside Rg1 addresses AA by alleviating myelosuppression,primarily through modulating the MAPK signaling pathway,which paves the way for a novel therapeutic strategy in treating AA,highlighting the potential of ginsenoside Rg1 as a beneficial intervention.

沉默SIRT1降低胆管癌细胞对5-氟尿嘧啶的耐药:基于抑制FOXO1/Rab7自噬通路

目的探讨SIRT1靶向FOXO1/Rab7自噬通路调节胆管癌细胞5-氟尿嘧啶(5-FU)耐药的机制。方法不同浓度(50、100、150、200μg/mL)的5-FU处理HCCC-9810细胞构建HCCC-9810/5-FU耐药细胞模型,免疫荧光检测细胞中SIRT1表达情况,Western blot和q-PCR检测SIRT1、FOXO1、Rab7表达水平,Western blot检测自噬相关蛋白Beclin1、LC3、p62表达水平。SIRT1 siRNA和NC siRNA转染HCCC-9810/5-FU耐药细胞,CCK-8检测细胞耐药性,划痕实验检测细胞迁移能力,RT-qPCR检测FOXO1、Rab7 mRNA水平,Western blot检测SIRT1、FOXO1、Rab7、Beclin1、LC3、p62蛋白表达水平。结果不同浓度(50、100、150、200μg/mL)的5-FU均能抑制HCCC-9810细胞增殖。与对照组相比,HCCC-9810/5-FU耐药细胞中SIRT1荧光强度略有增强;SIRT1、Rab7、p62、FOXO1和Beclin 1蛋白表达上调(P<0.01),LC3Ⅱ/LC3Ⅰ比值增加(P<0.001);SIRT1、Rab7和FOXO1 mRNA水平上调(P<0.05)。沉默SIRT1表达后,HCCC-9810细胞的5-FU耐药性降低,细胞迁移能力降低,SIRT1(P<0.01)、Rab7(P<0.05)、p62(P<0.05)、FOXO1(P<0.01)和Beclin1(P<0.001)蛋白表达降低,LC3Ⅱ/LC3Ⅰ比值降低(P<0.001);FOXO1和Rab7 mRNA水平降低(P<0.05)。结论沉默SIRT1的表达抑制FOXO1/Rab7自噬通路激活。

香芹酚通过SIRT1/FOXO1通路减轻糖尿病肾病大鼠氧化应激损伤

目的:研究香芹酚通过SIRT1/FOXO1通路减轻糖尿病肾病(diabetic nephropathy,DN)大鼠氧化损伤的机制。方法:采用高脂饮食和腹腔注射链脲佐菌素建立DN大鼠模型,将DN大鼠分为对照组、模型组、L-XQF组(5 mg/kg)、M-XQF组(10 mg/kg)和L-XQF组(20 mg/kg)。检测大鼠空腹血糖(fasting blood glucose,FBG)、尿素氮(urea nitrogen,BUN)、血肌酐(serum creatinine,SCr)、尿微量蛋白(urine microprotein,U-mAlb)的含量;之后处死大鼠,采集肾脏组织,HE染色和Masson染色分别观察大鼠肾脏组织病理变化和纤维化情况;ELISA法检测肾脏组织丙二醛(malondialdehyde,MDA)、超氧化物歧化酶(superoxide dismutase,SOD)和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(glutathione peroxidase,GSH-Px)水平;Western blot检测肾脏组织中SIRT1/FOXO1通路相关蛋白水平。结果:香芹酚能够降低DN大鼠FBG、BUN、SCr、U-mAlb和MDA水平,改善大鼠肾脏组织病理损伤及纤维化,增加SOD、GSH-Px含量及SIRT1、FOXO1蛋白水平。结论:香芹酚可能通过SIRT1/FOXO1通路抑制DN大鼠肾脏组织的氧化应激,从而减轻肾脏损伤及改善肾脏纤维化。

CHANGES IN NEUROPEPTIDES AFTER MUSIC EXPOSURE 429Cardioprotective effect of ivabradine via the AMPK/SIRT1/PGC-1αsignaling pathway in myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injuryinduced in H9c2 cell

Post-resuscitation myocardial dysfunction(PRMD)is the most severe myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury(MIRI)and is characterized by difficult treatment and poor prognosis.Research has shown the protective effects of the rational use of ivabradine(IVA)against PRMD,however,the molecular mechanisms of IVA remain unknown.In this study,an ischemia-reperfusion injury(IRI)model was established using hypoxic chambers.The results demonstrated that pretreatment with IVA reduced IRI-induced cytotoxicity and apoptosis.IVA attenuated mitochondrial damage,eliminated excess reactive oxygen species(ROS),suppressed IRI-induced ATP and NAD+,and increased the AMP/ATP ratio.We further found that IVA increased the mRNA levels of sirtuin 1(SIRT1)and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γcoactivator 1α(PGC-1α)and upregulated the expression levels of phosphorylated AMP-activated protein kinase(p-AMPK)/AMPK,SIRT1,and PGC-1αproteins.Interestingly,no change in AMPK mRNA levels was observed.Cardiomyocyte energy metabolism significantly changed after IRI.The aim of this study was to demonstrate the cardioprotective effect of Ivabradine via the AMPK/SIRT1/PGC-1αsignaling pathway in myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury-induced in H9c2 cell.