Moment Redistribution Effect of the Continuous Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymer-Concrete Composite Slabs Based on Static Loading Experiment

This study aimed to investigate the moment redistribution in continuous glass fiber reinforced polymer(GFRP)-concrete composite slabs caused by concrete cracking and steel bar yielding in the negative bending moment zone.An experimental bending moment redistribution test was conducted on continuous GFRP-concrete composite slabs,and a calculation method based on the conjugate beam method was proposed.The composite slabs were formed by combining GFRP profiles with a concrete layer and supported on steel beams to create two-span continuous composite slab specimens.Two methods,epoxy resin bonding,and stud connection,were used to connect the composite slabs with the steel beams.The experimental findings showed that the specimen connected with epoxy resin exhibited two moments redistribution phenomena during the loading process:concrete cracking and steel bar yielding at the internal support.In contrast,the composite slab connected with steel beams by studs exhibited only one-moment redistribution phenomenon throughout the loading process.As the concrete at the internal support cracked,the bending moment decreased in the internal support section and increased in the midspan section.When the steel bars yielded,the bending moment further decreased in the internal support section and increased in the mid-span section.Since GFRP profiles do not experience cracking,there was no significant decrease in the bending moment of the mid-span section.All test specimens experienced compressive failure of concrete at the mid-span section.Calculation results showed good agreement between the calculated and experimental values of bending moments in the mid-span section and internal support section.The proposed model can effectively predict the moment redistribution behavior of continuous GFRP-concrete composite slabs.

基于SLAB和AFTOX模型的LNG加气站大气环境风险评估

通过设定LNG加气站环境风险事故情景,分别采用SLAB和AFTOX模型模拟预测LNG加气站泄漏和火灾伴生/次生污染物CO的大气环境风险影响程度。结果表明:在风险事故情景下,下风向5 km范围内不同距离的甲烷和CO最大浓度未超过大气毒性终点浓度,甲烷最大浓度出现在下风向10m处,浓度值为32637.575 mg/m^(3);CO最大浓度出现在下风向5 km处,浓度值为1.746E-4 mg/m^(3)。考虑低温液态LNG的危险性和事故触发具有不确定性,LNG加气站在运营过程中仍需重点做好风险防范措施,编制企业突发环境事件应急预案,建立企业/区域环境风险防控体系,有效防控环境风险。

Mode coupling with Fabry-Perot modes in photonic crystal slabs

Fabry–Perot(FP)modes are a class of fundamental resonances in photonic crystal(PhC)slabs.Owing to their low quality factors,FP modes are frequently considered as background fields with their resonance nature being neglected.Nevertheless,FP modes can play important roles in some phenomena,as exemplified by their coupling with guided resonance(GR)modes to achieve bound states in the continuum(BIC).Here,we further demonstrate the genuine resonance mode capability of FP modes PhC slabs.Firstly,we utilize temporal coupled-mode theory to obtain the transmittance of a PhC slab based on the FP modes.Secondly,we construct exceptional points(EPs)in both momentum and parameter spaces through the coupling of FP and GR modes.Furthermore,we identify a Fermi arc connecting two EPs and discuss the far-field polarization topology.This work elucidates that the widespread FPs in PhC slabs can serve as genuine resonant modes,facilitating the realization of desired functionalities through mode coupling.

Numerical analysis of high‑speed railway slab tracks using calibrated and validated 3D time‑domain modelling

Concrete slabs are widely used in modern railways to increase the inherent resilient quality of the tracks,provide safe and smooth rides,and reduce the maintenance frequency.In this paper,the elastic performance of a novel slab trackform for high-speed railways is investigated using three-dimensional finite element modelling in Abaqus.It is then compared to the performance of a ballasted track.First,slab and ballasted track models are developed to replicate the full-scale testing of track sections.Once the models are calibrated with the experimental results,the novel slab model is developed and compared against the calibrated slab track results.The slab and ballasted track models are then extended to create linear dynamic models,considering the track geodynamics,and simulating train passages at various speeds,for which the Ledsgard documented case was used to validate the models.Trains travelling at low and high speeds are analysed to investigate the track deflections and the wave propagation in the soil,considering the issues associated with critical speeds.Various train loading methods are discussed,and the most practical approach is retained and described.Moreover,correlations are made between the geotechnical parameters of modern high-speed rail and conventional standards.It is found that considering the same ground condition,the slab track deflections are considerably smaller than those of the ballasted track at high speeds,while they show similar behaviour at low speeds.

Effect of temperature gradientinduced periodic deformation of CRTS Ⅲ slab track on dynamic responses of the train-track system

Purpose-Temperature is an important load for a ballastless track.However,little research has been conducted on the dynamic responses when a train travels on a ballastless track under the temperature gradient.The dynamic responses under different temperature gradients of the slab are theoretically investigated in this work.Design/methodology/approach-Considering the moving train,the temperature gradient of the slab,and the gravity of the slab track,a dynamic model for a high-speed train that runs along the CRTS Ⅲ slab track on subgrade is developed by a nonlinear coupled way in Abaqus.Findings-The results are as follows:(1)The upward transmission of the periodic deformation of the slab causes periodic track irregularity.(2)Because of the geometric constraint of limiting structures,the maximum bending stresses of the slab occur near the end of the slab under positive temperature gradients,but in the middle of the slab under negative temperature gradients.(3)The periodic deformation of the slab can induce periodic changes in the interlayer stiffness and contact status,leading to a large vibration of the slab.Because of the vibration-reduction capacity of the fastener and the larger mass of the concrete base,the accelerations of both the slab and concrete base are far less than the acceleration of the rail.Originality/value-This study reveals the influence mechanism of temperature gradient-induced periodic deformation in the dynamic responses of the train-track system,and it also provides a guide for the safe service of CRTS Ⅲ slab track.

Laminated Solid Timber Slab with Transverse Prestressing Using the Strategy of Interleaved Vertical Displacement of Lamellae

This article presents a study on the structural behavior of transversely prestressed laminated timber slabs,focusing on an innovative approach:vertically misaligned lamellae.This misalignment,achieved by sliding vertically the wooden lamellae rather than aligning them,enhances the slab’s cross-section moment of inertia,thereby improving load-bearing capacity and stiffness.Testing involved two groups of structural size specimens:one with vertically aligned lamellae(control group)and the other with misaligned lamellae(study group).Results showed the study group exhibited 42%superior stiffness and 10%less load capacity compared to the control.Failures typically occurred individually in the lamellae,particularly in those with defects or lower modulus of elasticity,concentrated in the middle third of the slabs’free span where tensile stresses peak.Despite a higher number of failed lamellae,the study group demonstrated promising performance.Analysis of prestressing bar indicated no damage at all in the thread,suggesting potential for reducing bar diameter.These findings offer crucial insights into applying these slabs in timber construction as well as to any kind of construction.

Exploring the Synergy: Experimental and Theoretical Investigation of Steel and Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymer (GFRP) Reinforced Slab Incorporating Alccofine and M-Sand

Introduction: This study investigates the Experimental and Theoretical Investigation of Steel and Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymer (GFRP) Reinforced Slab Incorporating Alccofine and M-sand. Objective: Specific objectives include evaluating the mechanical properties and structural behaviour of steel and GFRP-reinforced one-way slabs and comparing experimental and theoretical predictions. Methods: Four different mix proportions were arrived at, comprising both conventional concrete and Alccofine-based concrete. In each formulation, a combination of normal river sand and M-sand was utilized. Results: Concrete with Alccofine exhibits superior mechanical properties, while M-sand incorporation minimally affects strength but reduces reliance on natural sand. GFRP-reinforced slabs display distinct brittle behaviour with significant deflections post-cracking, contrasting steel-reinforced slabs’ gradual, ductile failure. Discrepancies between experimental data and design recommendations underscore the need for guideline refinement. Conclusion: Alccofine and M-sand enhance concrete properties, but reinforcement type significantly influences slab behaviour. GFRP-reinforced slabs, though exhibiting lower values than steel, offer advantages in harsh environments, warranting further optimization.

Deflection and stress of hollow CRCP slab under concentrated vehicle load

Based on the equivalence principle of deflection and stress, the concentrated vehicle load which acts on the center of continuously reinforced concrete pavement （CRCP） is translated into the equivalent half-wave sine load by the Fourier transform. On the basis of this transform and the small deflection theory of elastic thin plates, the deflection and stress formulae of CRCP under the concentrated vehicle load with a hollow foundation are put forward. The sensitivity of parameters is analyzed. The results show that maximum deflection is directly proportional to the concentrated vehicle load and the slab width, and inversely proportional to the lateral bending stiffness and slab thickness. The effects of slab width and thickness are significant with regard to maximum deflection. Maximum stress is directly proportional to the concentrated vehicle load and the slab width as well as inversely proportional to slab thickness. The effect of slab thickness is significant with regard to maximum stress. According to the calculation results, the most effective measure to reduce maximum deflection and stress is to increase slab thickness.

城市重气扩散模型SLAB_URBAN外场试验模拟验证

研究适用于模拟城市中危险化学品扩散的重气扩散模型SLAB_URBAN。模型中考虑了城市冠层内风的特征,即引入基于城市形态学的风速廓线计算方法。分别采用SLAB_URBAN模型和SLAB模型对2000年盐湖城的重气扩散试验进行模拟,主要验证下风方向不同观测距离的气体最大小时平均浓度与源释放速率的比值。结果表明,SLAB_URBAN模型的模拟结果比SLAB模型更接近观测值。从应急反应和安全角度上来说,SLAB_URBAN模型也符合实际工作的需求。

SLAB在突发大气污染事件应急模拟中的应用

建设关于突发事件污染气体调查的应急模拟系统,为组织各种突发灾害事件的防御、制定应急方案提供依据。应用SLAB毒气扩散模式,采取模拟试验的方法,应用大气污染监测仪器得到污染源数据,输入气象条件资料,对突发事件危险气体的泄漏扩散浓度分布进行模拟分析,确定在危险气体泄漏等突发情况下,污染气体扩散的时间、范围等和对周围环境的危害。给出在试验场地氯气泄露和气象条件的数据,分别模拟了氯气泄露情况下0.5h、1h、2h的污染气体扩散浓度分布。最大地面浓度值是8.56×10-6。30分钟后到达下风向7km,1小时后到达下风向13km,2小时后到达下风向33km。建议人员向西北方向撤离。结果表明,SLAB能够及时、准确、直观的模拟突发事件大气污染物扩散浓度分布。

Solidification of horizontally continuous casting of super-thin slab in stable magnetic field and alternating current

The solidified structures of horizontally continuous casting（HCC） of super-thin slab and its relations with the current were studied under the electromagnetic vibration（EMV）.The results show that,under the action of the periodical forces from EMV,the solidified structures of the super-thin slab of pure tin is greatly refined,and the extent of grain refinement is increased with the magnitude of alternating current.For the Sn-10%Pb alloy,it is shown that the EMV promotes the growth of equiaxed grains in the center of super-thin slab,and the grains are refined with the alternating current increasing.This is useful to prevent some solidification defects in the horizontally continuous casting of super-thin slab,such as columnar grains butting,porosity,inclusions and gases gathering,and composition segregation in the centre of slab.

基于嵌入式系统的e_slab研究与实现

为降低嵌入式系统的内存管理开销,提升内存分配效率,详细分析了slab分配器机制并指出其不足,给出相应的改进措施,提出了基于e_slab算法的内存分配器。实验表明,e_slab算法不仅简化了内存管理结构,而且提高了内存分配效率。

大功率Slab CO_2激光器光束质量的测量

为了充分了解SlabCO2激光器的光束质量,采用LASERSCOPEUFF100光束光斑质量检测仪对SlabCO2激光器的光束质量进行了全面的测量研究.从激光束通过飞行光学导光系统(flyingoptits)前后的光束质量测量、聚焦后光斑的质量测量以及焦点漂移4个方面全面考察了SlabCO2激光器的光束质量.测量结果表明:SlabCO2激光器的光束质量因子M2约为1.1,光束横截面的强度分布接近基模高斯分布;激光束经过长距离的导光系统传输后仍能保持光束横截面的强度分布,采用焦距为190.5mm的聚焦镜,聚焦光斑的半径约83μm;在工作范围内(x:0-3m)的焦点漂移量约为1mm.

SLAB模型在某工厂液氨泄漏应急响应中的应用

以某工厂储存的液氨泄漏事故为研究对象,将SLAB模型运用到环境应急救援体系中。采用SLAB模型模拟了在冬季、低风速等较不利气象条件下液氨泄漏的IDLH(立即威胁生命和健康)浓度、短时间(15 min)容许接触浓度、居住区大气中有害物质的最高容许浓度的扩散范围。该模型的预测结果比较清晰地反映了环境事故发生后氨气可能扩散的危险区域:在泄漏时间为10 min时,泄漏源下风向0~435.8 m内地面浓度超过IDLH浓度;下风向435.8~797.1 m内地面浓度超过工作场所的短时间最高容许接触浓度;下风向797.1~1 031.6 m内地面浓度超过居住区大气中有害物质的最高容许浓度。根据以上预测结果,救援指挥者可以快速了解事故后果,及时做出正确的救援方案。

Mechanics analysis of vehicle bumping at approach slabs with superelevation

In order to analyze the pavement stress caused by vehicle bumping at an approach slab, a simplified four-wheeled bi- axle vehicle-moving model is proposed. The effect of damping and vibration reduction in the process of vehicle-moving is not considered. Based on the position change of vehicle wheels at the approach slab, the vehicle dynamic vibration equations are summarized. Meanwhile, the undetermined coefficients of the vibration equations are obtained using the boundary and initial conditions of the vehicle. The analytical motion solutions of rear and front wheels at different stages are concluded. Consequently, a four-wheeled vehicle model is developed and vibration equations are provided, which can be used to analyze the impact of complicated stress on pavement. The results show that the excessive stress and stress concentration will occur at the approach slab, and it needs to be strengthened.

Experimental study of temperature gradient in track slab under outdoor conditions in Chengdu area

Temperature is one of the important loads for designing slab track. The characteristic of slab track tem- perature varies greatly with different regional climates. In this work, a bi-block slab track model was built under outdoor conditions in Chengdu area; the statistical characteristic of temperature gradient in track slab and the relationship between temperature gradient and surface air temperature were tested and analyzed. The results show that the track slab temperature gradient will vary periodically according to the surface air temperature, and show a clear nonlinearity along the height direction. The temperature gradient distribution is extremely uneven： the temperature gradient in the top part of the track slab is larger than that in the bottom part; the most frequently occurring temperature gradient of the track slab is around -3.5 ℃/m and more than 75 % locates in the level -10 to 10 ℃/m; concrete with a relatively good heat exchange condition with the surrounding air has a narrower band distribution. In addition, the frequency distribution histogram should exclude the time zone from 00：00 to 06：00 because there is almost no traffic in this period. The amplitude of track slab temperature variation is obviously lower than that of the air temperature variation, and the former is approximately linear with the latter.

新型片状(slab)固体激光器的分析

近年来固体激光器的发展集中在改善激光系统的综合性能包括提高激光器的平均功率和效率,可调谐固体激光器的研制等。为提高输出功率,克服传统棒状激光介质的热效应是一个十分棘手的问题。采用全内反锯齿形光路。

Slab内存分配策略与移植

slab内存管理算法具有分配和释放内存速度迅速、内外部碎片非常小等优点。介绍了Linux下该算法实现时采用的主要数据结构及相互间的组织关系,阐明了其管理内存的实现机制。讨论了该算法的可移植性问题,其中主要讲述了一个简便并且高效的分页系统的设计,以及信号量移植的相关问题。

DANIELI concepts and experiences in thin slab casting and rolling technology for HRC production—the evolution of a winning process route to face increasing market requirements

The direct rolling process for hot strip production,where the thin slab caster is connected directly to the mill,has gained market share rapidly because of its remarkable advantages in terms of energy savings and investment cost over the conventional hot strip mills. However,the unquestionable advantages of the first-generation applications of this plant concept also entail significant limitations both in productivity and steel grades that can be produced. Since his first pioneering applications,Danieli considered strategic the development of new technical solutions specifically conceived to overcome these limitations with the goal of increasing plant production volumes and enlarging steel grade product mix,in order to cover the gap between "Conventional mill" and "Thin slab casting and rolling" process routes. In order to reach this goal,Danieli has developed a complete portfolio of plant lay outs adopting Thin Slab Casting and Rolling technologies,each of them conceived to guarantee the optimal CAPEX and OPEX parameters in fitting with market requirements our Customer intend to target.in terms of productivity,steel grades and coil dimension product mix. Danieli TSR(Thin Slab Rolling) fTSR(flexible Thins Slab Rolling) QSP(Quality Strip Production) and ETR(Extra Thin Rolling) plant configurations are analyzed in this paper. With this diversified approach,Danieli solutions are most appropriate answers to thin slab casting and rolling to produce hot rolled coils with superior quality and an extremely diversified range of steel grades. Already,this approach has allowed Danieli plants to:①exceed the threshold production of 3.0 Mt/a with 2 casting strands in operation as done in Tangshan Iron and Steel plant in P.R.China since 2005;②expand the product mix to include virtually all the steel grades used for flat product applications,including the most demanding ones,such as peritectic(in Essar Algoma Canada and Benxi Iron and Steel,China),micro-alloyed,and silicon steels,for the most sophisticated applications,such as automotive and pipe manufacturing,including Arctic applications,(as done in OMK plant in Russia);③extend the range of final strip thicknesses to include ultra thin gauges,down to 0.8 mm(as in Ezz Flat Steel,in Egypt).

浅层模型(SLAB)用于UF_6泄漏事故后果评价适用性初步研究

根据重气扩散模型中的浅层模型(SLAB)理论,结合HGSYSTEM/UF6模型中UF6及其产物在空气中的化学反应和热动力学特性的相关处理方法,构建UF6泄漏近源场扩散模型,并利用法国波尔多国家试验基地的两次UF6释放试验数据,对构建模型做初步研究和验证。结论为:构建模型的模拟结果接近真实测量值,模拟值与测量值的比值(P/O)在1.0~2.4范围内,模拟结果的误差在可接受范围内;初步证明构建模型能较好的模拟UF6泄漏后在近源场扩散迁移情况,是UF6泄漏事故近源场后果评价可供改进的模型。