Due to the loose structure,high porosity and high permeability of soil-rock mixture slope,the slope is unstable and may cause huge economic losses and casualties.The h-type anti-slide pile is regarded as an effective ...Due to the loose structure,high porosity and high permeability of soil-rock mixture slope,the slope is unstable and may cause huge economic losses and casualties.The h-type anti-slide pile is regarded as an effective means to prevent the instability of soilrock mixture slope.In this paper,a centrifuge model test was conducted to investigate the stress distribution of the h-type anti-slide pile and the evolution process of soil arching during the loading.A numerical simulation model was built based on the similar relationship between the centrifuge model and the prototype to investigate the influence factors of the pile spacing,anchored depth,and crossbeam stiffness,and some recommendations were proposed for its application.The results show that the bending moment distribution of the rear pile exhibits Wshaped,while for the front pile,its distribution resembles V-shaped.The soil arching evolution process during loading is gradually dissipated from bottom to top and from far to near.During the loading,the change of bending moment can be divided into three stages,namely,the stabilization stage,the slow growth stage,and the rapid growth stage.In engineering projects,the recommended values of the pile spacing,anchored depth,and crossbeam stiffness are 4.0d,2.0d,and 2.0EI,where d and EI are the diameter and bending stiffness of the h-type anti-slide pile respectively.展开更多
Probabilistic analysis is a rational approach for engineering design because it provides more insight than traditional deterministic analysis. Probabilistic evaluation on seismic stability of three dimensional (3D) sl...Probabilistic analysis is a rational approach for engineering design because it provides more insight than traditional deterministic analysis. Probabilistic evaluation on seismic stability of three dimensional (3D) slopes is studied in this paper. The slope safety factor is computed by combining the kinematic approach of limit analysis using a three-dimensional rotational failure mechanism with the pseudo-dynamic approach. The variability of input parameters, including six pseudo-dynamic parameters and two soil shear strength parameters, are taken into account by means of Monte-Carlo Simulations (MCS) method. The influences of pseudo-dynamic input variables on the computed failure probabilities are investigated and discussed. It is shown that the obtained failure probabilities increase with the pseudo-dynamic input variables and the pseudo-dynamic approach gives more conservative failure probability estimates compared with the pseudo-static approach.展开更多
The new mode of operation for slop cut withdrawal in batch distillation, i.e., draining Column liquid holdup at the end of slop cut period, was proposed. And the stopping criterion for the operation was investigated, ...The new mode of operation for slop cut withdrawal in batch distillation, i.e., draining Column liquid holdup at the end of slop cut period, was proposed. And the stopping criterion for the operation was investigated, Experiments were carded out with isopropanol-n-propanol binary system and isopropanol-n-propanol-n-butanol ternary system in a distillation column with a liquid collector installed between the reboiler and the column section, Experimental results in a Ф 45mm batch column show that the proposed policy can overcome the flywheel effect caused by column liquid holdup and thus cut down operation time and energy consumption 31%-61%.展开更多
The paper analysesthe treatment measurementsof railway roadbed main diseases in permafrost regions. Taking lessonsfrom the diseases finallythe mature experiences of treatments are offered.
Information on rice phenology is essential for yield estimation and crop management. To test the ability of remote sensing in detecting multiple phenological stages, paddy rice canopy spectrum was measured by a hand-h...Information on rice phenology is essential for yield estimation and crop management. To test the ability of remote sensing in detecting multiple phenological stages, paddy rice canopy spectrum was measured by a hand-held radiometer. Normalized difference vegetation index （NDVI） was calculated from spectrum, and the slope of NDVI was obtained as its difference. We evaluated the response of NDVI and its slope to rice growth with a comparison of two late-season rice cultivars. The results showed that NDVI and its slope curves had distinct variation corresponding to rice development and they could be used as cultivar-independent phenological indicators. The dates of flooding and transplanting, tillering, panicle development, heading and flowering, maturity, harvest stages, and even field management practices, could be deduced from these indicators. ‘NDVI ≤ 0’ could be used as a single threshold for the detection of flooding and transplanting. The largest spike in the curve of the NDVI slope indicated the duration of tillering stage. The next spike corresponded to panicle development. The heading and flowering stage was characterized by the maximum NDVI and the change of NDVI slope from positive to negative. At the maturity stage, NDVI decreased continuously, and its slope fluctuated just below zero. When rice grains were completely mature and ready for harvest, NDVI decline was accelerated. At harvest, NDVI slope reached its minimum value. The distinction between heading and maturity stages was obscure, most likely due to NDVI saturation at high biomass. The study might provide references for paddy rice phenology determination through remote sensing images.展开更多
The new mode of operation for slop cut withdrawal in batch distillation, i.e., draining column liquid holdup at the end of slop cut period, was proposed. And the stopping criterion for the operation was investigated. ...The new mode of operation for slop cut withdrawal in batch distillation, i.e., draining column liquid holdup at the end of slop cut period, was proposed. And the stopping criterion for the operation was investigated. Experiments were carried out with isopropanol-n-propanol binary system and isopropanol-n-propanol-n-butanol ternary system in a distillation column with a liquid collector installed between the reboiler and the column section. Experimental results in a 45mm batch column show that the proposed policy can overcome the flywheel effect caused by column liquid holdup and thus cut down operation time and energy consumption 31%—61%.展开更多
The pulse-control operation technique which alternates between total reflux operation and total efflux operation in batch distillation was studied along with the minimum amount of slop cut. Total reflux time was confi...The pulse-control operation technique which alternates between total reflux operation and total efflux operation in batch distillation was studied along with the minimum amount of slop cut. Total reflux time was confirmed by dynamic simulation, and total efflux time was adopted by statistic method. For the mixture of hexane and cyclohexane and the traditional constant reflux ratio operation strategy, the amount of slop cut is 1.8-2.1 times of the minimum amount of slop cut; whereas for the pulse-control operation strategy, it is 1. 2 -1.4 times of the minimum amount of slop cut. So compared with the traditional constant reflux ratio operation, the pulse-control operation can decrease the amount of slop cut and operation time, and meanwhile, enhance separation efficiency and yield.展开更多
Attenuating the undesired audio noise generated by impulse noise,such as shot and scream of brakes,is specially useful for real-time audio recording of TV or broadcasting live report.On the basis of impulse noise dete...Attenuating the undesired audio noise generated by impulse noise,such as shot and scream of brakes,is specially useful for real-time audio recording of TV or broadcasting live report.On the basis of impulse noise detection algorithms based on template,this paper improves the method of establishing the template by using multiple microphones to pick up noise corrupted signals and impulse noises in the environment.The universal of thresholds is found and a detection algorithm with slope as the characteristic is proposed by comparing a variety of feature extraction algorithms.The proposed algorithm gets a significant improvement in testing speed and accuracy,which means it is suitable for real-time processing of audio signals.展开更多
Amman＇s land typology is characterized by hilly slopes, and this presents challenges and opportunities for architects and designers aiming at delivering sustainable buildings. The research focuses on the importance o...Amman＇s land typology is characterized by hilly slopes, and this presents challenges and opportunities for architects and designers aiming at delivering sustainable buildings. The research focuses on the importance of any site＇s given criteria, mainly its slope and topography on the delivery of sustainable buildings. Amman city consists broadly of two main types of buildings, apartment buildings and villas, by studying each type of building with regard to its environmental context on a given site in the city, the research seeks to identify the sustainable variables that site topography delimit or facilitate, using a set of attributes for each building type. The main objective of this research is to highlight the sustainable approach for building on sloped sites throughout the building project life-cycle in general, and to set a sustainability framework for designers during the initial design phase in particular. A number of case studies for both types of buildings are studied and analysed, and conclusions are given based on syntheses of available data from literature review or case analysis. At the end, the research provides a mechanism for the development of guidelines for sustainable and passive viability on preferred buildings orientation in hilly areas with regard to local climatic data.展开更多
The problem of shore wash in environmental engineering is connected in particular with the effect of waves generated by the ships and fast speed boats. Another problem is protection of ＂Marines＂ with anchored boat a...The problem of shore wash in environmental engineering is connected in particular with the effect of waves generated by the ships and fast speed boats. Another problem is protection of ＂Marines＂ with anchored boat against waves. Sloping banks provoke unfavorable transformation of waves. Simultaneously sloping bank is the factor which significantly complicates prediction of wave pattern in numerical analysis. The purpose of present paper is to demonstrate the results of numerical investigation of ship waves pattern in constrain water area with slope banks by panel method for non-linear ship waves calculation usually applied for ship hull perfection as routine instrument of towing tanks technology. The method initially developed for calculation of ship hull waves in inviscid infinite fluid was adapted to meet boundary conditions on slope banks. Verification of the method was done for 60-series ship in rectangular channel. Development of wave pattern generated by two ship of different types--monohull ferries and river catamaran was investigated. It was found that ship waves height significantly increased due to slopping banks comparing with case of deep water and shallow water rectangular channel.展开更多
The 3D visualization model of slop with structural plane can displayed the characters of structural plane in slop directly, and illustrated the spatial combination. It is a modem and critical question in the field of ...The 3D visualization model of slop with structural plane can displayed the characters of structural plane in slop directly, and illustrated the spatial combination. It is a modem and critical question in the field of geotechnical engineering. Based on the peculiarity of the reconnaissance and the research of the visualization by formers, systemized the method fit for building 3D visualization model of slop with structural plane. Write the special program with Visual C^-＋ computer language and illustrated it by OpenGL, the program can displayed and captured the random section plane. The program has a satisfied result by proving with the real projects.展开更多
For the local catenary path of yarn in steady motion fre-quently encountered in textile processing,this paper studiesthe mathematical expression of its geometrical configurationand tension variation,as well as the cur...For the local catenary path of yarn in steady motion fre-quently encountered in textile processing,this paper studiesthe mathematical expression of its geometrical configurationand tension variation,as well as the curve inclination angleand its maximum suspending deflection.The final math-ematical equations and graphical curves are all presented indimensionless forms,as they are more general and universalthan dimensional expressions and graphs.On the otherhand,we can also find out the catenary yarn tension fromexperimentally measured geometrical parameters by calcula-tions based on these graphs or mathematical expressions asgiven in the paper.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.41672273,42177137)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(22120180313)+1 种基金the support from China Scholarship Council(CSC)(202106260151)substantially supported by the Key Laboratory of Geotechnical and Underground Engineering of Ministry of Education(Tongji University)。
文摘Due to the loose structure,high porosity and high permeability of soil-rock mixture slope,the slope is unstable and may cause huge economic losses and casualties.The h-type anti-slide pile is regarded as an effective means to prevent the instability of soilrock mixture slope.In this paper,a centrifuge model test was conducted to investigate the stress distribution of the h-type anti-slide pile and the evolution process of soil arching during the loading.A numerical simulation model was built based on the similar relationship between the centrifuge model and the prototype to investigate the influence factors of the pile spacing,anchored depth,and crossbeam stiffness,and some recommendations were proposed for its application.The results show that the bending moment distribution of the rear pile exhibits Wshaped,while for the front pile,its distribution resembles V-shaped.The soil arching evolution process during loading is gradually dissipated from bottom to top and from far to near.During the loading,the change of bending moment can be divided into three stages,namely,the stabilization stage,the slow growth stage,and the rapid growth stage.In engineering projects,the recommended values of the pile spacing,anchored depth,and crossbeam stiffness are 4.0d,2.0d,and 2.0EI,where d and EI are the diameter and bending stiffness of the h-type anti-slide pile respectively.
文摘Probabilistic analysis is a rational approach for engineering design because it provides more insight than traditional deterministic analysis. Probabilistic evaluation on seismic stability of three dimensional (3D) slopes is studied in this paper. The slope safety factor is computed by combining the kinematic approach of limit analysis using a three-dimensional rotational failure mechanism with the pseudo-dynamic approach. The variability of input parameters, including six pseudo-dynamic parameters and two soil shear strength parameters, are taken into account by means of Monte-Carlo Simulations (MCS) method. The influences of pseudo-dynamic input variables on the computed failure probabilities are investigated and discussed. It is shown that the obtained failure probabilities increase with the pseudo-dynamic input variables and the pseudo-dynamic approach gives more conservative failure probability estimates compared with the pseudo-static approach.
文摘The new mode of operation for slop cut withdrawal in batch distillation, i.e., draining Column liquid holdup at the end of slop cut period, was proposed. And the stopping criterion for the operation was investigated, Experiments were carded out with isopropanol-n-propanol binary system and isopropanol-n-propanol-n-butanol ternary system in a distillation column with a liquid collector installed between the reboiler and the column section, Experimental results in a Ф 45mm batch column show that the proposed policy can overcome the flywheel effect caused by column liquid holdup and thus cut down operation time and energy consumption 31%-61%.
文摘The paper analysesthe treatment measurementsof railway roadbed main diseases in permafrost regions. Taking lessonsfrom the diseases finallythe mature experiences of treatments are offered.
基金supported by the Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Agricultural Meteorology,China(Grant No.JKLAM201203)the National Science and Technology Planning Project in Rural Areas during the ‘Twelfth Five-Year Plan Period’(Grant No.2011BAD32B01)the Six Great Talents Peak Plan of Jiangsu,China(Grant No.NY-038)
文摘Information on rice phenology is essential for yield estimation and crop management. To test the ability of remote sensing in detecting multiple phenological stages, paddy rice canopy spectrum was measured by a hand-held radiometer. Normalized difference vegetation index （NDVI） was calculated from spectrum, and the slope of NDVI was obtained as its difference. We evaluated the response of NDVI and its slope to rice growth with a comparison of two late-season rice cultivars. The results showed that NDVI and its slope curves had distinct variation corresponding to rice development and they could be used as cultivar-independent phenological indicators. The dates of flooding and transplanting, tillering, panicle development, heading and flowering, maturity, harvest stages, and even field management practices, could be deduced from these indicators. ‘NDVI ≤ 0’ could be used as a single threshold for the detection of flooding and transplanting. The largest spike in the curve of the NDVI slope indicated the duration of tillering stage. The next spike corresponded to panicle development. The heading and flowering stage was characterized by the maximum NDVI and the change of NDVI slope from positive to negative. At the maturity stage, NDVI decreased continuously, and its slope fluctuated just below zero. When rice grains were completely mature and ready for harvest, NDVI decline was accelerated. At harvest, NDVI slope reached its minimum value. The distinction between heading and maturity stages was obscure, most likely due to NDVI saturation at high biomass. The study might provide references for paddy rice phenology determination through remote sensing images.
文摘The new mode of operation for slop cut withdrawal in batch distillation, i.e., draining column liquid holdup at the end of slop cut period, was proposed. And the stopping criterion for the operation was investigated. Experiments were carried out with isopropanol-n-propanol binary system and isopropanol-n-propanol-n-butanol ternary system in a distillation column with a liquid collector installed between the reboiler and the column section. Experimental results in a 45mm batch column show that the proposed policy can overcome the flywheel effect caused by column liquid holdup and thus cut down operation time and energy consumption 31%—61%.
文摘The pulse-control operation technique which alternates between total reflux operation and total efflux operation in batch distillation was studied along with the minimum amount of slop cut. Total reflux time was confirmed by dynamic simulation, and total efflux time was adopted by statistic method. For the mixture of hexane and cyclohexane and the traditional constant reflux ratio operation strategy, the amount of slop cut is 1.8-2.1 times of the minimum amount of slop cut; whereas for the pulse-control operation strategy, it is 1. 2 -1.4 times of the minimum amount of slop cut. So compared with the traditional constant reflux ratio operation, the pulse-control operation can decrease the amount of slop cut and operation time, and meanwhile, enhance separation efficiency and yield.
基金Supported by the Research on Multi-channel Audio Noise Reduction Algorithm(No.3132014XNG1430)
文摘Attenuating the undesired audio noise generated by impulse noise,such as shot and scream of brakes,is specially useful for real-time audio recording of TV or broadcasting live report.On the basis of impulse noise detection algorithms based on template,this paper improves the method of establishing the template by using multiple microphones to pick up noise corrupted signals and impulse noises in the environment.The universal of thresholds is found and a detection algorithm with slope as the characteristic is proposed by comparing a variety of feature extraction algorithms.The proposed algorithm gets a significant improvement in testing speed and accuracy,which means it is suitable for real-time processing of audio signals.
文摘Amman＇s land typology is characterized by hilly slopes, and this presents challenges and opportunities for architects and designers aiming at delivering sustainable buildings. The research focuses on the importance of any site＇s given criteria, mainly its slope and topography on the delivery of sustainable buildings. Amman city consists broadly of two main types of buildings, apartment buildings and villas, by studying each type of building with regard to its environmental context on a given site in the city, the research seeks to identify the sustainable variables that site topography delimit or facilitate, using a set of attributes for each building type. The main objective of this research is to highlight the sustainable approach for building on sloped sites throughout the building project life-cycle in general, and to set a sustainability framework for designers during the initial design phase in particular. A number of case studies for both types of buildings are studied and analysed, and conclusions are given based on syntheses of available data from literature review or case analysis. At the end, the research provides a mechanism for the development of guidelines for sustainable and passive viability on preferred buildings orientation in hilly areas with regard to local climatic data.
文摘The problem of shore wash in environmental engineering is connected in particular with the effect of waves generated by the ships and fast speed boats. Another problem is protection of ＂Marines＂ with anchored boat against waves. Sloping banks provoke unfavorable transformation of waves. Simultaneously sloping bank is the factor which significantly complicates prediction of wave pattern in numerical analysis. The purpose of present paper is to demonstrate the results of numerical investigation of ship waves pattern in constrain water area with slope banks by panel method for non-linear ship waves calculation usually applied for ship hull perfection as routine instrument of towing tanks technology. The method initially developed for calculation of ship hull waves in inviscid infinite fluid was adapted to meet boundary conditions on slope banks. Verification of the method was done for 60-series ship in rectangular channel. Development of wave pattern generated by two ship of different types--monohull ferries and river catamaran was investigated. It was found that ship waves height significantly increased due to slopping banks comparing with case of deep water and shallow water rectangular channel.
文摘The 3D visualization model of slop with structural plane can displayed the characters of structural plane in slop directly, and illustrated the spatial combination. It is a modem and critical question in the field of geotechnical engineering. Based on the peculiarity of the reconnaissance and the research of the visualization by formers, systemized the method fit for building 3D visualization model of slop with structural plane. Write the special program with Visual C^-＋ computer language and illustrated it by OpenGL, the program can displayed and captured the random section plane. The program has a satisfied result by proving with the real projects.
文摘For the local catenary path of yarn in steady motion fre-quently encountered in textile processing,this paper studiesthe mathematical expression of its geometrical configurationand tension variation,as well as the curve inclination angleand its maximum suspending deflection.The final math-ematical equations and graphical curves are all presented indimensionless forms,as they are more general and universalthan dimensional expressions and graphs.On the otherhand,we can also find out the catenary yarn tension fromexperimentally measured geometrical parameters by calcula-tions based on these graphs or mathematical expressions asgiven in the paper.
