BACKGROUND SMARCB1/INI-1 deficient sinonasal carcinoma(SDSC)is a rare subset of sinonasal undifferentiated carcinoma with a poor prognosis.Here,we present two case reports of SDSC patients.We also review the literatur...BACKGROUND SMARCB1/INI-1 deficient sinonasal carcinoma(SDSC)is a rare subset of sinonasal undifferentiated carcinoma with a poor prognosis.Here,we present two case reports of SDSC patients.We also review the literature on this tumor.This is the first published report of SDSC treatment with immunotherapy.CASE SUMMARY Here we present two patient cases of SDSC in which initial consultation and diagnosis were complicated but SDSC was ultimately diagnosed.One patient received a traditional treatment of surgery and adjuvant chemoradiotherapy,while the other patient received additional immunotherapy;the prognoses of these two patients differed.We review previous diagnostic literature reports and SDSC treatments and provide a unique perspective on this rare type of tumor.CONCLUSION SDSC is a rare,diagnostically challenging carcinoma with a consistently poor prognosis,early distant metastases,and frequent recurrence.Timely diagnosis and intervention are critical for treatment,for which the standard of care is surgery followed by adjuvant chemoradiotherapy,though immunotherapy may be an effective new treatment for SDSC.展开更多
目的:通过研究SMARCB1在肝细胞癌(hepatocellular carcinoma,HCC)组织的表达,阐明其对HCC的早期诊断及预后的作用。方法:在癌症基因组图集(The Cancer Genome Atlas,TCGA)数据库中筛选出SMARCB1基因,运用免疫组织化学(immunohistochemis...目的:通过研究SMARCB1在肝细胞癌(hepatocellular carcinoma,HCC)组织的表达,阐明其对HCC的早期诊断及预后的作用。方法:在癌症基因组图集(The Cancer Genome Atlas,TCGA)数据库中筛选出SMARCB1基因,运用免疫组织化学(immunohistochemistry,IHC)技术和TCGA分析SMARCB1在HCC组织和正常组织的表达情况,阐述其在HCC发生、发展进程中的作用。结果:IHC结果证实,与正常肝组织相比,HCC中SMARCB1的蛋白表达量显著上升(P<0.01)。IHC的结果显示SMARCB1的蛋白表达量与原发肿瘤分期呈正相关(P<0.05),即SMARCB1表达量越高,原发肿瘤分期越趋向晚期。TCGA的结果显示SMARCB1的高表达是HCC的独立预后因素(P<0.05)。结论:SMARCB1可能起着促癌基因的作用,临床上根据其在组织中的表达差异,可鉴别早期的HCC及良性组织,并可能有效地进行预后判断。展开更多
BACKGROUND SMARCB1/INI1-deficient pancreatic undifferentiated rhabdoid carcinoma is a very aggressive tumor that is rarely reported in the literature.The tumor has a predominant rhabdoid cell component and different p...BACKGROUND SMARCB1/INI1-deficient pancreatic undifferentiated rhabdoid carcinoma is a very aggressive tumor that is rarely reported in the literature.The tumor has a predominant rhabdoid cell component and different patterns of growth have been reported.CASE SUMMARY A 59-year-old woman presented with diffuse abdominal pain,increasing in severity and accompanied by weight loss,nausea,and vomiting.Imaging showed a pancreatic head mass.Fine needle aspiration demonstrated atypical epithelioid cells with a pseudopapillary growth pattern suggestive of solid pseudopapillary neoplasm.The excised neoplasm showed monotonous epithelioid and focally spindle cells with pseudopapillary structures,rhabdoid features,and loss of SMARCB1 protein expression with wild-type KRAS,consistent with a SMARCB1/INI1-deficient undifferentiated rhabdoid carcinoma.The patient’s condition deteriorated rapidly following surgery and she expired 3 mo post operation.CONCLUSION In this article,we report the first case of SMARCB1/INI1-deficient undifferentiated pancreatic rhabdoid carcinoma mimicking solid pseudopapillary neoplasm.展开更多
Epithelioid angiomyolipoma (EAML) is a rare morphologic variant of classic angiomyolipoma (AML), showing potentially malignant phenotype. AML is a benign mesenchymal tumor, which shows frequent inactivating mutations ...Epithelioid angiomyolipoma (EAML) is a rare morphologic variant of classic angiomyolipoma (AML), showing potentially malignant phenotype. AML is a benign mesenchymal tumor, which shows frequent inactivating mutations of?TSC1 (encodes harmartin) or?TSC2 (encodes tuberin) genes. Disruption of harmatin-tuberin complex and subsequent inappropriate activation of mTOR pathway is a distinct feature of AML. Thus, mTOR pathway inhibitors have shown significant clinical response in AML. Compared to the great success of mTOR inhibitors in AML, there is no standard therapy for EAML yet. Here, we present a patient with EAML who responded well to mTOR inhibitor (temsirolimus) but suffered rapid disease progression after cessation of temsirolimus. In addition, we performed Cancer Hotspot Panel (Ion AmpliSeqTM) analysis to identify novel tumorigenic properties of EAML. Of note, Cancer Hotspot Panel analysis revealed novel missense mutation in?SMARCB1 (c.1119-41G > A) tumor suppressor gene and subsequent immunohistochemistry analysis also revealed weak and partial losses ofSMARCB1/INI1 protein in nuclei of tumor cells. In this study, we suggest that mTOR inhibitors also can be effective against EAML. However, the long-term efficacy of mTOR inhibitors in EAML needs to be supported in further studies. Furthermore, we speculate that the newly found missense mutation ofSMARCB1/INI1 gene can be the possible novel tumorigenic properties of EAML and highlights the possibility of further novel targeted therapy beyond mTOR inhibitors in EAML.展开更多
Rhabdoid tumors (RTs) are a well-defined entity in the kidney or central nervous system of infants or children. However, soft-tissue involvement is uncommon. It’s an exceptional neonatal tumor of soft tissue. The ima...Rhabdoid tumors (RTs) are a well-defined entity in the kidney or central nervous system of infants or children. However, soft-tissue involvement is uncommon. It’s an exceptional neonatal tumor of soft tissue. The imaging characteristics of this tumor are not specific. Biopsy allows diagnosis;the histomorphological characteristics of rhabdoid tumors, their immunoreactivity to epithelial markers and vimentin, and the INI-1 loss are important tools for diagnosis. RT tumors are aggressive and have a rapidly fatal clinical course in most cases. Despite multidisciplinary therapy, the survival rate is very low. We report a rare case occurring in a male neonate who presents at birth with a voluminous right axillary mass. A CT scan showed a well-limited tumor mass with lobulated contours. An ultrasound-guided biopsy was performed on day 8, showing the morphology and immunoprofile of RT. The mass showed rapid growth. The child was admitted for respiratory distress at 3 weeks. A thoraco-abdominal CT showed an increase in the size of the mass with the appearance of multiple lymph nodes and pleural, hepatic, and renal metastases. The child died two days later.展开更多
文摘BACKGROUND SMARCB1/INI-1 deficient sinonasal carcinoma(SDSC)is a rare subset of sinonasal undifferentiated carcinoma with a poor prognosis.Here,we present two case reports of SDSC patients.We also review the literature on this tumor.This is the first published report of SDSC treatment with immunotherapy.CASE SUMMARY Here we present two patient cases of SDSC in which initial consultation and diagnosis were complicated but SDSC was ultimately diagnosed.One patient received a traditional treatment of surgery and adjuvant chemoradiotherapy,while the other patient received additional immunotherapy;the prognoses of these two patients differed.We review previous diagnostic literature reports and SDSC treatments and provide a unique perspective on this rare type of tumor.CONCLUSION SDSC is a rare,diagnostically challenging carcinoma with a consistently poor prognosis,early distant metastases,and frequent recurrence.Timely diagnosis and intervention are critical for treatment,for which the standard of care is surgery followed by adjuvant chemoradiotherapy,though immunotherapy may be an effective new treatment for SDSC.
文摘目的:通过研究SMARCB1在肝细胞癌(hepatocellular carcinoma,HCC)组织的表达,阐明其对HCC的早期诊断及预后的作用。方法:在癌症基因组图集(The Cancer Genome Atlas,TCGA)数据库中筛选出SMARCB1基因,运用免疫组织化学(immunohistochemistry,IHC)技术和TCGA分析SMARCB1在HCC组织和正常组织的表达情况,阐述其在HCC发生、发展进程中的作用。结果:IHC结果证实,与正常肝组织相比,HCC中SMARCB1的蛋白表达量显著上升(P<0.01)。IHC的结果显示SMARCB1的蛋白表达量与原发肿瘤分期呈正相关(P<0.05),即SMARCB1表达量越高,原发肿瘤分期越趋向晚期。TCGA的结果显示SMARCB1的高表达是HCC的独立预后因素(P<0.05)。结论:SMARCB1可能起着促癌基因的作用,临床上根据其在组织中的表达差异,可鉴别早期的HCC及良性组织,并可能有效地进行预后判断。
文摘BACKGROUND SMARCB1/INI1-deficient pancreatic undifferentiated rhabdoid carcinoma is a very aggressive tumor that is rarely reported in the literature.The tumor has a predominant rhabdoid cell component and different patterns of growth have been reported.CASE SUMMARY A 59-year-old woman presented with diffuse abdominal pain,increasing in severity and accompanied by weight loss,nausea,and vomiting.Imaging showed a pancreatic head mass.Fine needle aspiration demonstrated atypical epithelioid cells with a pseudopapillary growth pattern suggestive of solid pseudopapillary neoplasm.The excised neoplasm showed monotonous epithelioid and focally spindle cells with pseudopapillary structures,rhabdoid features,and loss of SMARCB1 protein expression with wild-type KRAS,consistent with a SMARCB1/INI1-deficient undifferentiated rhabdoid carcinoma.The patient’s condition deteriorated rapidly following surgery and she expired 3 mo post operation.CONCLUSION In this article,we report the first case of SMARCB1/INI1-deficient undifferentiated pancreatic rhabdoid carcinoma mimicking solid pseudopapillary neoplasm.
文摘Epithelioid angiomyolipoma (EAML) is a rare morphologic variant of classic angiomyolipoma (AML), showing potentially malignant phenotype. AML is a benign mesenchymal tumor, which shows frequent inactivating mutations of?TSC1 (encodes harmartin) or?TSC2 (encodes tuberin) genes. Disruption of harmatin-tuberin complex and subsequent inappropriate activation of mTOR pathway is a distinct feature of AML. Thus, mTOR pathway inhibitors have shown significant clinical response in AML. Compared to the great success of mTOR inhibitors in AML, there is no standard therapy for EAML yet. Here, we present a patient with EAML who responded well to mTOR inhibitor (temsirolimus) but suffered rapid disease progression after cessation of temsirolimus. In addition, we performed Cancer Hotspot Panel (Ion AmpliSeqTM) analysis to identify novel tumorigenic properties of EAML. Of note, Cancer Hotspot Panel analysis revealed novel missense mutation in?SMARCB1 (c.1119-41G > A) tumor suppressor gene and subsequent immunohistochemistry analysis also revealed weak and partial losses ofSMARCB1/INI1 protein in nuclei of tumor cells. In this study, we suggest that mTOR inhibitors also can be effective against EAML. However, the long-term efficacy of mTOR inhibitors in EAML needs to be supported in further studies. Furthermore, we speculate that the newly found missense mutation ofSMARCB1/INI1 gene can be the possible novel tumorigenic properties of EAML and highlights the possibility of further novel targeted therapy beyond mTOR inhibitors in EAML.
文摘Rhabdoid tumors (RTs) are a well-defined entity in the kidney or central nervous system of infants or children. However, soft-tissue involvement is uncommon. It’s an exceptional neonatal tumor of soft tissue. The imaging characteristics of this tumor are not specific. Biopsy allows diagnosis;the histomorphological characteristics of rhabdoid tumors, their immunoreactivity to epithelial markers and vimentin, and the INI-1 loss are important tools for diagnosis. RT tumors are aggressive and have a rapidly fatal clinical course in most cases. Despite multidisciplinary therapy, the survival rate is very low. We report a rare case occurring in a male neonate who presents at birth with a voluminous right axillary mass. A CT scan showed a well-limited tumor mass with lobulated contours. An ultrasound-guided biopsy was performed on day 8, showing the morphology and immunoprofile of RT. The mass showed rapid growth. The child was admitted for respiratory distress at 3 weeks. A thoraco-abdominal CT showed an increase in the size of the mass with the appearance of multiple lymph nodes and pleural, hepatic, and renal metastases. The child died two days later.
