Science and Technology Promotion Policies of Strategic Emerging Industries in Anhui Province

In recent years,based on advantages of industry,market,science and technology and other development environment,strategic emerging industries in Anhui Province are developing rapidly,and emerging industries such as new energy,new materials,new generation of information technology occupy an important market share in China and even the world.However,there are still a number of problems in the process of development,and the policy support has a greater impact.In this paper,the development status of strategic emerging industries in Anhui Province was discussed firstly,and then the challenges and problems of the development was discussed.Finally,some science and technology promotion policies of strategic emerging industries in Anhui Province were proposed.

Supportive tactics for innovative and sustainability performance in emerging SMEs

For this research,we examined the influence of access to domestic and international financing on sustainability performance with a mediating role of innovative performance and a moderating role of access to government support.Data were collected from 317 small and medium-sized enterprises(SMEs)through structured questionnaires.The results indicated that access to domestic and international financing significantly contributes to sustainability and innovative performances.Accordingly,we found a partial mediating role of innovative performance between access to domestic financing and sustainability performance as well as between access to international financing and sustainability performance.Access to government support significantly moderates the relationship between access to domestic finances and innovative performance as well as between access to international finances and innovative performance.Practitioners and policymakers should encourage national and international financial institutions and banks to facilitate SMEs by lending them funds for innovative activities and sustainability performance.Moreover,the government should support SMEs,so that they can contribute to economic growth and the gross domestic product.The implications from these matters will be further discussed in this paper.

Agricultural Support Policy and Farmers' Income in China

This paper reviewed the main components and contents of agricultural support policy system in China. By using the fundamental definition and measuring method from OECD,the research studied the relation between agricultural support level and farmers' income from 2003 to 2012. The aim of the paper is to discuss the effect of agricultural support policy on farmers' income,and provide policy suggestions for the policy makers.

Adding Value to Applied Policy Models： The Case of the WTO and OECD Support Classification Systems

Both the OECD and the WTO have accumulated systematic data on the magnitude of support going to farmers as a result of farm policies. The datasets are collected for different purposes, but both give a detailed picture of the evolution of these policies. This paper extends recent work on the compatibility or otherwise of the two attempts at policy monitoring by considering the categorization of individual policy instruments in Norway, Switzerland, the US, and the EU. The results show how the OECD dataset, particularly with respect to the link between direct payments and production requirements, complements that of the WTO. Many payments classified in the WTO Green Box require production, raising the possibility that they may distort production and trade. Though the issue of correct notifications to the WTO is the province of lawyers, the implications for modeling and policy analysis are of interest to economists, and the broader question of improving the consistency of the two datasets is of importance in the quest for transparency in the interpretation of changes in farm policies.

Competition in Marketing： Survival Yardstick for Small and Medium Enterprises （SMEs） in Nigeria

The topic investigated competition in marketing as a survival yardstick for small and medium enterprises （SMEs） in Nigeria. The objectives addressed by this study were： （1） identifying different types and intensity of competition that SMEs are exposed to along the life-cycle portfolio in Nigeria; （2） quantifying the strength of SMEs vis-a-vis some foreign enterprises in terms of market competition; and （3） proffering solutions on how best they could match competitively these foreign enterprises. Relevant models and theories were employed in literature to evolve detailed analysis of issues relating to the variables used in terms of competition in marketing and survival of juice-producing SMEs. Two hypotheses were investigated through the survey of 20 prominent Ikeja based SMEs using Cluster sampling, 5-points Likert summated rating scale was adopted, while Yard＇s formula with 95% confidence level and 5% error tolerance was used. Alternative form validity of the instrument was measured at 0.63 while its reliability was measured at Cronbach＇s alpha of 0.70. Pearson＇s product-moment correlation was used in testing hypothesis 1 while standard multiple regressions were used to test hypothesis 2. Findings revealed that there was strong relationship between survival of juice-producing SMEs with forms of competition on a firm＇s life-cycle; while competition had positive effects on survival components for the enterprises. It was concluded that since competition subsists in any firm＇s life-cycle, strategies to support operations for survival must be adopted. It was recommended that operators of SMEs have to monitor and manage competition as it affects their businesses positively and/or negatively.

The Government Supporting Policy for Sustainable Development of Small and Medium Industrial Enterprises in Vietnam

In recent years,the issues of sustainable development in general and enterprise's sustainable development have always been given special attention by government management agency,including small and mediumsize industrial enterprises.The study conducted a survey of 316 industrial SMEs in three regions of the North,Central and South of Vietnam with the main survey subjects being managers in enterprises.The main purpose of the study is to assess the impact of the government support policies compared to other factors developed in the research model affecting the sustainable development of small and medium-sized industrial enterprises(SMEs)in Vietnam.In this research,the authors employed exploratory factor analysis to identify 4 factors affecting the sustainable development of SMEs.The research results show that the government support policies have an important role but not strongly influence human resource factors,financial factor and social responsibility(SR)policies of enterprises in their sustainable development for industrial SMEs in Vietnam.

The inspiration for development in China from the international experience of entrepreneurial support policies

In the current severe employment situation, it is widely accepted by society that adopts entrepreneurship to promote employment. However, the problem is that the entrepreneurial enthusiasm is high but the rate of success is low. Hence, we need to provide a more complete entrepreneurial business environment. The thesis aims to provide experience and further improve our business environment by analyzing the international business support policy.

Intervention Research and Support Systems for People Affected by Cancer and Their Families:Results of a Descriptive Analysis

Population health intervention research(PHIR)was initiated in the field of primary prevention by proposing a research paradigm focusing on intervention and the theory of solutions.The intervention was coconstructed with the stakeholders as part of a global approach until its deployment in the local area.The development of PHIR raises the question of its application to tertiary prevention.This study proposes some initial thoughts on the similarities and specificities of PHIR projects-funded by the French National Cancer Institute(INCa)-of support systems for people affected by cancer and their families,which were based on a descriptive analysis.The selected projects were obtained from the databases of PHIR projects funded from 2010 to 2021,which included 72 projects to which the inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied.A descriptive analysis was carried out for each project using the application files and the interim or final reports sent to INCa.A total of 30 projects were selected,half of which were in the public health field.Almost all of the projects involved a university–hospital partnership,and one-third involved healthcare professionals and patients in the research process.Patient involvement was classified into four types,which were linked to the supporting structure and the target population.The main themes of the projects were quality of life and adapted physical activity,which were assessed in hospitals through randomized controlled trials targeting specific cancers.Research has revealed several specificities and similarities between support systems for people affected by cancer and their families developed in PHIR projects;however,these support systems vary widely,and PHIR in tertiary prevention can be conducted in several ways.Any modeling of the systems is complicated;PHIR is evolving in its application and is the subject of research and evaluation.

White Paper:China’s Policies toward Ethnic Minorities Well Fit National Conditions and Win Support from All Nationalities

The State Council Information Office published on September 27, 2009, a white paper entitled China＇ s Policies toward Minorities and Common Prosperity and Development of All Nationalities. The white paper says that the policies well fit the national conditions and are correct. They are instrumental to promoting harmonious coexistence of all nationalities that work with one heart and one mind and in mutual cooperation; they have helped open up a good national situation characterized by economic development, political stability,

Study on the Policies,Science and Technology Support to Impel the Development of Recreational Agriculture in Hainan

The current situation of the recreational agriculture development in Hainan was analyzed. The problems of imperfect security system,unsound policies and regulations,scant government support,low enthusiasm for developing recreational agriculture,lacking science and technology support and less special competitive products in Hainan were discussed. Through the reference of foreign countries and Taiwan Region policy support and legislative experience on recreational agriculture,it was recommended to perfect the policy system,develop the leading role of the government,enhance the legislation and supervision,pay attention to science and technology support,in order to promote the healthy sustainable development of recreational agriculture in Hainan.

美国、欧盟和日本农业合作社发展经验及其借鉴

农业合作化是农业发展的必然趋势,是共同富裕的关键一环,也是乡村振兴的必由之路。本文选取美国、欧盟和日本这三个农业合作社发展最为成功的典型国家和地区,对其农业合作社发展的经验进行系统总结,并归纳出可资借鉴的经验。首先,简要阐述了美国、欧盟和日本农业合作社的历史、职能和现状。其次,扼要分析了美国、欧盟和日本农业合作社内部组织结构和治理模式。再次,概括说明了美国、欧盟和日本政府对农业合作社所提供的法律、资金、税收、金融和教育咨询等方面的政策支持。最后,归纳总结了美国、欧盟和日本农业合作社发展经验及对中国的启示:一是完善农业合作社的治理机制,坚守成员所有、成员控制和成员受益的原则,增加和强化普通成员在重大事项上的话语权。二是借鉴权责明晰的现代企业制度,充分发挥其优势用于农业合作社的内部治理。三是政府应继续对农业合作社给予强有力的政策支持,但支持政策应更精准化、更精细化。四是借鉴他国农业合作社发展经验时要充分考虑自身实际,走出一条具有中国特色的农业合作化道路。

如何防止企业堕入“扶持悖论”陷阱

本文通过使用机器学习算法中Boosting回归树模型,以中国2010—2019年A股上市企业作为研究对象,探寻政府扶持和企业内部创新激励政策对企业研发活动影响情况。研究结果表明,政府扶持和企业内部激励机制均能够影响企业研发投入强度,但企业创新更依赖政府扶持,尤其是政府补贴,在企业内部创新激励政策中,普通员工晋升激励对企业研发投入影响最强。无论政府对行业扶持集中度高或低,企业研发活动都更依靠政府扶持,企业内部激励机制对其研发活动影响具有差异性,企业普通员工晋升激励和企业高管晋升激励分别在扶持集中度低和扶持集中度高的行业中影响最大。企业员工薪酬在行业处于较高水平时,政府扶持对企业研发活动影响最大,此时管理者晋升激励在企业内部激励机制中对企业研发活动影响最大。国营企业以及私营企业研发活动都更易受政府扶持影响,在企业内部激励机制中,两类企业副总裁层级晋升激励作用最强。本文研究结论丰富了政策激励企业创新的理论成果,也为今后中国企业如何独立自主创新提供指导建议。

党的十八大以来我国金融支农政策的演进特征与发展趋势

以党的十八大以来中央层面颁布的324份政策文件为研究对象,基于政策文献计量和内容分析法,从政策发文变迁、发文类型、发文部门、主题演化、作用对象共五个维度分析我国金融支农政策的演进特征与发展趋势,发现:党的十八大以来金融支农政策文件在数量上整体呈现递增趋势,绝大多数以意见和通知的形式颁发;政策发文主体呈现多元化特征,跨部门联合决策程度较高,但部门间协同性有待提高;政策着力于促进农村产业发展。政策演进具有明显的阶段性特征:精准脱贫阶段,政策聚焦于创新金融扶贫机制,以促进农户脱贫增收;乡村振兴阶段,政策聚焦于深化农村金融供给侧改革、健全农村金融服务体系,以巩固拓展脱贫攻坚成果同乡村振兴有效衔接。

基于乡村振兴的高素质农民培育政策支持体系研究

在全面贯彻落实乡村振兴战略的过程中,目前农村地区发展还面临许多挑战。其中,高素质农民培育是乡村人才振兴的重要抓手,能够最大限度地推动农村经济的发展,显著提升农民的收入水平,然而在具体培育过程中还存在政府资金投入不足、培育内容与生产生活脱节、农民培训管理机制不健全等问题和制约因素。只有解决好这些问题,才能最大限度地推动高素质农民培育工作。基于此,在阐述高素质农民培育的内涵和重要意义、分析高素质农民培育过程中存在的问题及原因的基础上,系统提出了相应的政策支持体系建设对策,以期为促进高素质农民培育工作提供重要参考。

高学历育龄人群三孩生育意愿研究

文章基于2021年中国综合社会调查(CGSS)数据,采用二元Logit回归模型、门槛效应模型和倾向值匹配(PSM)等方法实证分析高学历育龄人群的三孩生育意愿以及生育支持条件对其的影响。研究结果表明:高学历育龄人群的三孩生育意愿相对较低,平均只有14.1%的高学历育龄人群愿意生育三孩,而低学历育龄人群有18.4%愿意生育三孩。高学历育龄人群愿意生育三孩的比例与已育二孩的性别结构有关。已有两个儿子、两个女儿和一儿一女的高学历育龄人群愿意生育三孩的比例分别为12.3%、16.0%和13.9%。家庭收入水平对高学历育龄人群的三孩生育意愿有显著的正向影响,且存在显著的收入门槛效应。随着家庭收入水平的提高,家庭收入对高学历育龄人群三孩生育意愿的边际影响效应呈现出先增大后减小的倒“U”型关系,家庭收入水平对家庭收入为11万元-36万元的高学历育龄人群三孩生育意愿的影响效应最大,对家庭收入为11万元以下和36万元以上高学历育龄人群三孩生育意愿的影响效应较小。相对于没有托育服务的高学历育龄人群而言,政府而非市场提供低价优质的托育服务能够显著增强高学历育龄人群的三孩生育意愿。政策启示在于:一是提高中国育龄人群的三孩生育水平,不能把过高的期望寄托在高学历育龄人群,尤其是已育有两个孩子的高学历育龄人群;二是提高已育两个孩子高学历育龄人群的三孩生育水平,重点关注已育两个女儿且家庭收入为11万元-36万元的高学历育龄人群;三是降低高学历育龄人群三孩生育的直接成本和机会成本,加强生育支持政策评估,进一步完善高学历育龄人群的生育休假政策和生育三孩家庭的收入补贴政策,优化高学历人群的延迟退休政策,消除高学历育龄女性的就业歧视,仍然是激励高学历人群生育三孩的重要举措;四是政府主动承担婴幼儿的托育服务,为育龄人群提供低价优质的托育服务,能够达到事半功倍的三孩生育激励效应。

生育支持政策的权利之维——发达国家的实践及启示

关于发达国家的生育支持政策,从生育权利保障角度进行考察可知,这一政策体系具有“国家—个体”关系维度、以“国家—社会—个体”关系为基础的共同体维度的二维构造。前者以保障国民生存福祉为原则,以生育保障获得权和性别平等权为核心构造;后者以作为生育保障获得权补强机制的多元主体共同负担原则、婴幼儿的保育权为主要内容。生育支持政策鼓励生育的功能性目标,需通过上述权利的保障得以实现。从权利保障视域研究发达国家的生育支持政策,可以在基本理念、体系结构以及保障措施等方面为中国生育支持政策的建构提供借鉴与参考。

中国农业节水十年:成就、挑战及对策

水是农业的命脉。在水资源紧缺形势下,保障国家食物安全和农产品有效供给,必须实施农业节水,发展高水效农业。在系统总结过去10年我国农业节水在保障国家食物安全和农产品有效供给、促进区域农业可持续发展和生态环境改善、促进现代农业转型升级和提质增效以及带动农业节水产业发展等方面取得的巨大成就基础上,分析了当前我国农业节水与国际先进水平的差距,以及在农业节水相关基础数据观测和长期积累、节水评价指标体系和考核标准、灌溉面积盲目扩张与农业适水发展、灌区续建配套节水改造和高标准农田建设衔接、高效节水灌溉与农艺技术配套、农业水价综合改革与节水灌溉工程设施可持续运行机制和政策、农业节水科技创新与节水产业发展等方面面临的问题和挑战,提出了促进农业节水高质量发展的建议。

政府生育保险有效支出对生育意愿的影响效应

我国正面临着进入低生育率社会的挑战,如何发挥政府作用以有效提高生育意愿是当前提升生育水平的重要议题。基于生育风险防范的视角,借助世代交叠模型从理论上分析政府生育保险有效支出对生育意愿的影响机制,进而对其影响效应进行实证检验。研究结果显示,政府生育保险有效支出的增加能够提高居民的生育意愿。位于生育保险高领取比例地区、低人口规模地区以及年龄在20~35岁范围内的居民受到的影响更为显著。鉴于此,应进一步提高政府生育保险有效支出水平,借助转移支付政策优化生育补贴机制,完善鼓励生育的配套措施,构建兼具综合性与动态化的政府生育支持体系,以提升居民生育意愿,应对生育风险,推动我国人口健康均衡发展。

信息型政策工具如何促进中小企业持续创新——资源拼凑的中介效应与创新动力的调节效应

在创新驱动发展战略和数字化转型深入推进的背景下,政府部门出台了一系列信息型政策工具来促进中小企业创新发展,但是,信息型政策工具是否以及如何促进企业持续创新,学界对此研究较少。以国内446家科技中小企业为研究对象,实证检验信息型政策工具对中小企业持续创新的影响机理。结果表明:信息型政策工具会对中小企业资源拼凑(探索式资源拼凑、利用式资源拼凑)及企业持续创新产生显著正向影响;资源拼凑在信息型政策工具与中小企业持续创新之间发挥部分中介作用,且相较于利用式资源拼凑,探索式资源拼凑的中介效应更强;创新动力显著正向调节资源拼凑与中小企业持续创新之间的关系,且创新动力在利用式资源拼凑与中小企业持续创新之间的调节作用更强。

营商环境能提升返乡创业企业发展质量吗?

实现乡村振兴,改善农村地区营商环境至关重要。良好的营商环境能吸引大批劳动力返乡创业,同时也有助于培育高质量的返乡创业企业。基于2019年全国2139家返乡创业企业调查数据研究营商环境对返乡创业企业发展质量的影响及其作用机制,研究表明:良好的营商环境能显著提升返乡创业企业发展质量;机制分析发现,良好的营商环境通过企业家社会关系网络、企业数字化经营能力来提升返乡创业企业发展质量;异质性分析发现,对发展型返乡创业企业、我国中西部地区和第二产业中的返乡创业企业以及中小型返乡创业企业而言,良好的营商环境更有助于提升其发展质量。因此,建议地方政府切实加大政策扶持力度,推动营商环境全面优化,做好科学规划、分类指导,落实完善差别化扶持政策,精准发力;同时结合企业规模、产业层次、价值类型特点制定针对性重点扶持政策,助推返乡创业企业高质量发展。