Brain region-specific roles of brain-derived neurotrophic factor in social stress-induced depressive-like behavior

Brain-derived neurotrophic factor is a key factor in stress adaptation and avoidance of a social stress behavioral response.Recent studies have shown that brain-derived neurotrophic factor expression in stressed mice is brain region–specific,particularly involving the corticolimbic system,including the ventral tegmental area,nucleus accumbens,prefrontal cortex,amygdala,and hippocampus.Determining how brain-derived neurotrophic factor participates in stress processing in different brain regions will deepen our understanding of social stress psychopathology.In this review,we discuss the expression and regulation of brain-derived neurotrophic factor in stress-sensitive brain regions closely related to the pathophysiology of depression.We focused on associated molecular pathways and neural circuits,with special attention to the brain-derived neurotrophic factor–tropomyosin receptor kinase B signaling pathway and the ventral tegmental area–nucleus accumbens dopamine circuit.We determined that stress-induced alterations in brain-derived neurotrophic factor levels are likely related to the nature,severity,and duration of stress,especially in the above-mentioned brain regions of the corticolimbic system.Therefore,BDNF might be a biological indicator regulating stress-related processes in various brain regions.

Correlation between anxiety, depression, and social stress in young patients with thoracolumbar spine fractures

BACKGROUND Traumatic injuries,such as falling,car accidents,and crushing mostly cause spinal fractures in young and middle-aged people,and>50%of them are thoracolumbar fractures.This kind of fracture is easily combined with serious injuries to peripheral nerves and soft tissues,which causes paralysis of the lower limbs if there is no timely rehabilitation treatment.Young patients with thoracolumbar fractures find it difficult to recover after the operation,and they are prone to depression,low self-esteem,and other negative emotions.AIM To investigate the association between anxiety,depression,and social stress in young patients with thoracolumbar spine fractures and the effect on rehabilitation outcomes.METHODS This study retrospectively analyzed 100 patients admitted to the orthopedic department of Honghui Hospital,Xi’an Jiaotong University who underwent thoracolumbar spine fracture surgery from January 2022 to June 2023.The general data of the patients were assessed with the Hamilton anxiety scale(HAMA),Hamilton depression scale(HAMD),life events scale,and social support rating scale(SSRS)to identify the correlation between anxiety,depression scores,and social stress and social support.The Japanese Orthopedic Association(JOA)was utilized to evaluate the rehabilitation outcomes of the patients and to analyze the effects of anxiety and depression scores on rehabilitation.RESULTS According to the scores of HAMD and HAMA in all patients,the prevalence of depression in patients was 39%(39/100),and the prevalence of anxiety was 49%(49/100).Patients were categorized into non-depression(n=61)and depression(n=39),non-anxiety(n=51),and anxiety(n=49)groups.Statistically significant differences in gender,occupation,Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index(PSQI)score,and monthly family income were observed between the non-depression and depression groups(P<0.05).A significant difference in occupation and PSQI score was found between the non-anxiety and anxiety groups.Both depression(r=0.207,P=0.038)and anxiety scores(r=0.473,P<0.001)were significantly and positively correlated with negative life events.The difference in negative life event scores as well as SSRS total and item scores was statist-ically significant between patients in the non-depression and depression groups(P<0.05).The difference between the non-anxiety and anxiety groups was statistically significant(P<0.05)in the negative life event scores as well as the total SSRS scores.Additionally,JOA scores were significantly lower in both anxious and depressed patients.CONCLUSION Young patients with thoracolumbar fractures are prone to anxiety and depression.Patients’anxiety and depression are closely associated with social pressure,which reduces the life pressure of young patients with thoracolumbar fractures,enhances social support,and improves the psychology of anxiety and depression.,which affects patients’recovery.

Mediating role of health literacy in the relationship between social isolation and psychological distress among pre-frail older adults

BACKGROUND Frailty has become a significant public health issue.The recent increase in the number of frail older adults has led to increased attention being paid to psycho-logical care services in communities.The social isolation of pre-frail older adults can impact their psychological distress.AIM To explore the mediating effect of health literacy between social isolation and psychological distress among communitydwelling older adults with pre-frailty.METHODS This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted with 254 pre-frail older individuals aged 60 years and over.Social isolation,health literacy,and psycholo-gical distress were comprehensively measured using the Lubben Social Network Scale-6,12-item Short-Form Health Literacy Questionnaire,and the Kessler Psy-chological Distress Scale-10.Data were evaluated using the SPSS 27.0 package program and the PROCESS macro tool.Descriptive statistical analyses,correlation analyses,and bootstrap mediation tests were used to assess associations between the variables.RESULTS The results showed that social isolation had an effect on health literacy among pre-frail older adults(β=0.240,P<0.001),social isolation impact on psycho-logical distress pre-frail older adults(β=-0.415,P<0.001);health literacy was identified effect on psychological distress among pre-frail older persons(β=-0.307,P<0.001).Health literacy partially mediated the relationship between social isolation and psychological distress among community-dwelling older adults with pre-frailty,with a mediation effect of-0.074,accounting for 17.83%of the total effect.

Social function scores and influencing factors in patients with residual depressive symptoms

BACKGROUND At present,the influencing factors of social function in patients with residual depressive symptoms are still unclear.Residual depressive symptoms are highly harmful,leading to low mood in patients,affecting work and interpersonal communication,increasing the risk of recurrence,and adding to the burden on families.Studying the influencing factors of their social function is of great significance.AIM To explore the social function score and its influencing factors in patients with residual depressive symptoms.METHODS This observational study surveyed patients with residual depressive symptoms(case group)and healthy patients undergoing physical examinations(control group).Participants were admitted between January 2022 and December 2023.Social functioning was assessed using the Sheehan Disability Scale(SDS),and scores were compared between groups.Factors influencing SDS scores in patients with residual depressive symptoms were analyzed by applying multiple linear regression while using the receiver operating characteristic curve,and these RESULTS The SDS scores of the 158 patients with depressive symptoms were 11.48±3.26.Compared with the control group,the SDS scores and all items in the case group were higher.SDS scores were higher in patients with relapse,discon-tinuous medication,drug therapy alone,severe somatic symptoms,obvious residual symptoms,and anxiety scores≥8.Disease history,medication compliance,therapy method,and residual symptoms correlated positively with SDS scores(r=0.354,0.414,0.602,and 0.456,respectively).Independent influencing factors included disease history,medication compliance,therapy method,somatic symptoms,residual symptoms,and anxiety scores(P<0.05).The areas under the curve for predicting social functional impairment using these factors were 0.713,0.559,0.684,0.729,0.668,and 0.628,respectively,with sensitivities of 79.2%,61.8%,76.8%,81.7%,63.6%,and 65.5%and specificities of 83.3%,87.5%,82.6%,83.3%,86.7%,and 92.1%,respectively.CONCLUSION The social function scores of patients with residual symptoms of depression are high.They are affected by disease history,medication compliance,therapy method,degree of somatic symptoms,residual symptoms,and anxiety.

浅析使用Opensocial开发SNS应用

由Facebook引发的SNS（Social Network Service,社会化网络服务）风靡全球,让我们看到了在新一轮互联网革命中人的力量。＂草根文化＂、＂病毒式传播＂让我们越来越多地感受到,人、社会、网络的结合所产生的巨大价值和无限可能。如何将人的力量最大化,让更多的人参与价值的积聚过程,开放平台无疑是最好的方式。该文阐述了什么是SNS开放平台、SNS产业链中的各个角色以及OpenSocial产生的背景与现状。

单层SnS的光电效应及应变工程的第一性原理研究

光电探测器在工业制造和军事国防等各领域用途广泛。近年来,研究者在寻找一种兼具极化灵敏度高与光响应强的特点的光电探测器。在可见光范围内,SnS是一种制作具有各向异性光电探测器的半导体材料。本文基于第一性原理,采用非平衡态格林函数(NEGF)与密度泛函理论(DFT)结合的方法对单层SnS两个器件方向(Armchair和Zigzag)的光电性质进行理论计算。研究发现,在零偏压下,两个方向的光电流数值均较小,通过加偏压的方法可以获得稳定的光电流。计算了小偏压0.1~1.0 V(间隔0.1 V)、线性偏振光照射下最大光响应随光子能量的变化,发现单层SnS在光子能量为2.4与3.2 V时最大光响应数值较大且十分稳定,并结合能带图和态密度图分析了光响应产生的微观机制。本文通过计算消光比,发现单层SnS具有极强的偏振灵敏度。最后,通过施加双轴应变的方法,器件的不对称性显著增加,极大增强器件在零偏压下的光电流,其中压缩应力数值为-6%时对光电流的提升十分明显。希望以上结果能为单层SnS设计用于光电探测器提供理论参考。

Social Game和SNS发展研究

近年来,随着互联网的飞速进步和发展,以SMS为代表的网络社交时代已经悄然到来。大量SNS网站不断涌现,积累了为数众多的用户,SNS作为WEB 2.0时代的代表,呈现出蓬勃发展的良好势头。Social game是一种通过互动娱乐方式增强人与人之间交流的互动行为。Social Game在SNS网站中究竟应该如何定位?Social Game能在SNS中发挥怎样的作用?呈现何种发展趋势?文章对此进行了探讨。

SNS model for providing social network channels through queries

Users can obtain the information through a basic web searching and find the answer to the questions directly,but maybe the expected answer does not exist.Besides,we do not know the update of new information in time.The online social networking services spread quickly and store many user data,but these data are worth less and may be unreliable answer to users’ questions.Users can obtain the simple answer but can not expect more additional information in knowledge question-answering(QA)system.In this paper,we design the system with the advantages of knowledge QA system,web searching and characteristics of social networking service for providing social network channel based on the query and answer without users’ contact network.The user can obtain real-time answers by the user network interested in users’ querires through the network channel of this system,get the additional information effectively and share it with others in the social network channel in this system.

单层SnS场效应晶体管的第一性原理研究

基于硅基材料的逻辑器件由于其短沟道效应,使摩尔定律失效,二维半导体材料被认为是继续缩小晶体管尺寸以生产更多摩尔电子器件的潜在沟道材料.最近在实验上突破了技术瓶颈的限制,实现了二维场效应晶体管突破亚1 nm沟道极限,并且表现出优异的器件性能.这极大地鼓舞了在理论上进一步探索二维器件的性能.二维SnS具有较高的载流子迁移率和各向异性的电子性能,且材料性能环境稳定.本文应用第一性原理研究了亚5 nm SnS场效应晶体管的量子输运特性,鉴于SnS的各向异性,本文将器件沿单层SnS的armchair和zigzag两个方向进行构造,发现p型zigzag方向的器件性能优于其他类型(包括n型、p型的armchair方向和n型的zigzag方向).p型zigzag方向器件的开态电流在栅长缩短到1 nm也能满足国际半导体技术路线图的高性能(HP)器件要求,其值高达1934μA/μm.这在目前报道的1 nm栅长上的器件材料性能方面处于领先.

静电纺丝法制备SnSbCuFeZn高熵合金/碳纳米纤维复合负极材料

采用静电纺丝技术,结合煅烧工艺,将SnSbCuFeZn高熵合金纳米颗粒均匀地锚定在导电互联的碳纳米纤维中,成功制备了SnSbCuFeZn@CNFs锂离子电池复合负极材料。结果表明,煅烧温度对材料的物相组成和形貌特征有重要影响,且直接影响SnSbCuFeZn高熵合金纳米颗粒的晶相、尺寸和分布,决定SnSbCuFeZn@CNFs电极的电化学性能。其中SnSbCuFeZn@CNFs-900电极展现出优良综合性能:0.1 A/g时,初始放电比容量达1232.8 mA/g,循环200次后可逆放电比容量保持在786.0 mA/g;1.0 A/g时,循环500次后放电比容量仍有433.8 mA/g;2.0 mV/s扫描速度下,赝电容贡献率高达93.37%。

Mapping and measuring urban-rural inequalities in accessibility to social infrastructures

Equal access to social infrastructures is a fundamental prerequisite for sustainable development,but has long been a great challenge worldwide.Previous studies have primarily focused on the accessibility to social infras-tructures in urban areas across various scales,with less attention to rural areas,where inequality can be more severe.Particularly,few have investigated the disparities of accessibility to social infrastructures between urban and rural areas.Here,using the Changsha-Zhuzhou-Xiangtan urban agglomeration,China,as an example,we investigated the inequality of accessibility in both urban and rural areas,and further compared the urban-rural difference.Accessibility was measured by travel time of residents to infrastructures.We selected four types of social infrastructures including supermarkets,bus stops,primary schools,and health care,which were funda-mentally important to both urban and rural residents.We found large disparities in accessibility between urban and rural areas,ranging from 20 min to 2 h.Rural residents had to spend one to two more hours to bus stops than urban residents,and 20 min more to the other three types of infrastructures.Furthermore,accessibility to multiple infrastructures showed greater urban-rural differences.Rural residents in more than half of the towns had no access to any infrastructure within 15 min,while more than 60%of the urban residents could access to all infrastructures within 15 min.Our results revealed quantitative accessibility gap between urban and rural areas and underscored the necessity of social infrastructures planning to address such disparities.

Online Social Support and Use of SNSs Among College Students Relationship to Online and Offiine Social Skills

The subjects of this study are college students aged between 18 to 26 years old from different majors. Investigated the use intensity and addiction of SNSs among college students, with variables of use behaviors and online social support are relate to their online social skills and offline social skills. Seven point Likert scale, descriptive statistics, One-way ANOVA and logistic regression were used to determine the correlations of different use intensities and levels of addiction. The results explored whether college students＇ online social skills, offline social skills, and online social support are correlated with use intensity and addiction. Long-term or high-frequency use of SNSs does not lead to equivalent social relationships on SNSs, yet addiction to SNSs can reflect the positive support and communication ability of college students in online interpersonal relationships.

Integrated ribosome and proteome analyses reveal insights into sevoflurane-induced long-term social behavior and cognitive dysfunctions through ADNP inhibition in neonatal mice

A growing number of studies have demonstrated that repeated exposure to sevoflurane during development results in persistent social abnormalities and cognitive impairment.Davunetide,an active fragment of the activity-dependent neuroprotective protein(ADNP),has been implicated in social and cognitive protection.However,the potential of davunetide to attenuate social deficits following sevoflurane exposure and the underlying developmental mechanisms remain poorly understood.In this study,ribosome and proteome profiles were analyzed to investigate the molecular basis of sevoflurane-induced social deficits in neonatal mice.The neuropathological basis was also explored using Golgi staining,morphological analysis,western blotting,electrophysiological analysis,and behavioral analysis.Results indicated that ADNP was significantly down-regulated following developmental exposure to sevoflurane.In adulthood,anterior cingulate cortex(ACC)neurons exposed to sevoflurane exhibited a decrease in dendrite number,total dendrite length,and spine density.Furthermore,the expression levels of Homer,PSD95,synaptophysin,and vglut2 were significantly reduced in the sevoflurane group.Patch-clamp recordings indicated reductions in both the frequency and amplitude of miniature excitatory postsynaptic currents(mEPSCs).Notably,davunetide significantly ameliorated the synaptic defects,social behavior deficits,and cognitive impairments induced by sevoflurane.Mechanistic analysis revealed that loss of ADNP led to dysregulation of Ca^(2+)activity via the Wnt/β-catenin signaling,resulting in decreased expression of synaptic proteins.Suppression of Wnt signaling was restored in the davunetide-treated group.Thus,ADNP was identified as a promising therapeutic target for the prevention and treatment of neurodevelopmental toxicity caused by general anesthetics.This study provides important insights into the mechanisms underlying social and cognitive disturbances caused by sevoflurane exposure in neonatal mice and elucidates the regulatory pathways involved.

SnS分子低激发态光谱性质理论研究

应用多参考组态相互作用(MRCI)方法计算了硫化锡(SnS)分子的第一解离极限对应的18个Λ-S态.计算时,Sn原子采用了包含ECP28MDF赝势的aug-cc-pwCVQWZ-PP基组,S原子采用aug-cc-pwCVQZ基组.根据计算得到的单点势能绘制了Sn S分子的势能曲线(PECs).基于PECs,应用数值方法求解薛定谔方程,得到了束缚态的光谱常数,理论计算的结果与已有的实验结果吻合较好.计算了18个Λ-S态的永久偶极矩(PDMs),并讨论了其变化规律.此外,还计算了1^(3)Π,1^(1)Σ^(-),1^(1)Δ,1^(3)Σ^(-),1^(3)Δ,1^(3)Σ^(+)态的耦合矩阵元,通过分析耦合矩阵元阐明了电子态之间的相互作用.最后,分析了2^(1)Σ^(+)-X^(1)Σ^(+),1^(1)Π-X^(1)Σ^(+),1^(1)Π-1^(1)Δ,1^(1)Π-1^(1)Σ^(-)态的跃迁性质,包括跃迁偶极矩(TDMs),Franck-Condon因子(FCFs)和自发辐射寿命.

SnSe掺杂SnS薄膜的制备及热电性能研究

硫族化合物SnS在光学及热电领域具有巨大的应用前景。为提高SnS的热电性能,采用化学气相沉积法在柔性云母基底上制备SnSe掺杂(原子分数分别为5%、10%、20%)的SnS基薄膜,使用扫描电子显微镜、X射线衍射仪、拉曼光谱仪和塞贝克系数测试系统研究掺杂浓度对薄膜的形貌和组成、晶体结构、光学和热电性能的影响。测试结果表明:所有样品均为正交相,随着掺杂量的增加,更多的Se原子取代晶格中的S原子,导致晶格常数增大;Se原子对S原子的替代导致Ag振动模式发生红移;室温下,10%SnSe掺杂的SnS薄膜功率因子相对最大,为0.018 mW/(m·K^(2)),相比SnS本体提高了5倍。

Dysfunctional attitudes,social support,negative life events,and depressive symptoms in Chinese adolescents:A moderated mediation model

BACKGROUND Depression is a prevalent psychological issue in adolescents that is significantly related to negative life events(NLEs)and dysfunctional attitudes.High levels of social support can significantly buffer NLEs’effect on depression.Currently,there is limited research on how social support moderates the relationship between NLEs,dysfunctional attitudes,and depression in adolescents in China.It is imperative to investigate this moderating effect to mitigate dysfunctional attitudes in adolescent undergoing depressive mood,ultimately enhancing their overall mental health.AIM To investigate the relationship and underlying mechanisms between specific dysfunctional attitudes,social support,and depression among Chinese adolescents.METHODS This is a cross-sectional study which selected five middle schools in Shandong Province for investigation in March 2022.Participants included 795 adolescents(49.87%male,mage=15.15,SD=1.84,age range=11-18 years old).All participants completed the Dysfunctional Attitude Scale,Adolescent Life Event Scale,Beck Depression Inventory,and Social Support Rating Scale.A moderated mediation model was conducted to examine the relationship between specific dysfunctional attitudes,social support,and depression.RESULTS Results indicated that NLEs affected depression through the mediating role of specific dysfunctional attitudes(autonomy attitudesβ=0.21;perfectionismβ=0.25).Moreover,social support was found to moderate the mediating effect between NLEs,specific dysfunctional attitudes,and depressive symptoms(autonomy attitudes b2=-0.08;perfectionism b2=-0.09).CONCLUSION Dysfunctional attitudes mediated and social support moderated the relationship between NLEs and depression.Social support can buffer depression symptoms among adolescents with autonomy attitudes and perfectionism.

Comparative analyses of mitogenomes in the social bees with insights into evolution of long inverted repeats in the Meliponini

The insect mitogenome is typically a compact circular molecule with highly conserved gene contents.Nonetheless,mitogenome structural variations have been reported in specific taxa,and gene rearrangements,usually the tRNAs,occur in different lineages.Because synapomorphies of mitogenome organizations can provide information for phylogenetic inferences,comparative analyses of mitogenomes have been given increasing attention.However,most studies use a very few species to represent the whole genus,tribe,family,or even order,overlooking potential variations at lower taxonomic levels,which might lead to some incorrect inferences.To provide new insights into mitogenome organizations and their implications for phylogenetic inference,this study conducted comparative analyses for mitogenomes of three social bee tribes(Meliponini,Bombini,and Apini)based on the phylogenetic framework with denser taxonomic sampling at the species and population levels.Comparative analyses revealed that mitogenomes of Apini and Bombini are the typical type,while those of Meliponini show diverse variations in mitogenome sizes and organizations.Large inverted repeats(IRs)cause significant gene rearrangements of protein coding genes(PCGs)and rRNAs in Indo-Malay/Australian stingless bee species.Molecular evolution analyses showed that the lineage with IRs have lower dN/dS ratios for PCGs than lineages without IRs,indicating potential effects of IRs on the evolution of mitochondrial genes.The finding of IRs and different patterns of gene rearrangements suggested that Meliponini is a hotspot in mitogenome evolution.Unlike conserved PCGs and rRNAs whose rearrangements were found only in the mentioned lineages within Meliponini,tRNA rearrangements are common across all three tribes of social bees,and are significant even at the species level,indicating that comprehensive sampling is needed to fully understand the patterns of tRNA rearrangements,and their implications for phylogenetic inference.

Antecedents of Social Network Trust in SNS Usage: The Moderating Role of Offline Familiarity

With the rapid development of social networks, there is a focus on marketing strategies and business models that are based on social media. In the academic world, scholars believe that online trust is a key factor contributing to online purchasing behavior. This article explored several factors in social media trust and verified the moderating role of offline familiarity by using relevant research on online trust in conjunction with a structure equation model. The results show that independent variables such as reputation, SNS interaction, information quality, reciprocity, satisfaction and shared values have a positive influence on trust, whereas perceived similarity does not, and information quality is the most important factor. In addition, offline familiarity significantly moderates the relations between information quality, reciprocity, reputation, shared values and social media trust. This information is important to assist companies in developing an effective social network marketing strategy.

Validity,Reliability,and Measurement Invariance of the Thai Smartphone Application-Based Addiction Scale and Bergen Social Media Addiction Scale

Background:In recent years,there has been increased research interest in both smartphone addiction and social media addiction as well as the development of psychometric instruments to assess these constructs.However,there is a lack of psychometric evaluation for instruments assessing smartphone addiction and social media addiction in Thailand.The present study evaluated the psychometric properties and gender measurement invariance of the Thai version of the Smartphone Application-Based Addiction Scale(SABAS)and Bergen Social Media Addiction Scale(BSMAS).Method:A total of 801 Thai university students participated in an online survey from January 2022 to July 2022 which included demographic information,SABAS,BSMAS,and the Internet Gaming Disorder Scale-Short Form(IGDS9-SF).Results:Confirmatory Factor Analyses(CFAs)found that both the SABAS and BSMAS had a one-factor structure.Findings demonstrated adequate psychometric properties of both instruments and also supported measurement invariance across genders.Moreover,scores on the SABAS and BSMAS were correlated with scores on the IGDS9-SF.Conclusion:The results indicated that the SABAS and BSMAS are useful psychometric instruments for assessing the risk of smartphone addiction and social media addiction among Thai young adults.

Adolescent suicide risk factors and the integration of socialemotional skills in school-based prevention programs

Adolescents are considered one of the most vulnerable groups affected by suicide.Rapid changes in adolescents’physical and mental states,as well as in their lives,significantly and undeniably increase the risk of suicide.Psychological,social,family,individual,and environmental factors are important risk factors for suicidal behavior among teenagers and may contribute to suicide risk through various direct,indirect,or combined pathways.Social-emotional learning is considered a powerful intervention measure for addressing the crisis of adolescent suicide.When deliberately cultivated,fostered,and enhanced,selfawareness,self-management,social awareness,interpersonal skills,and responsible decision-making,as the five core competencies of social-emotional learning,can be used to effectively target various risk factors for adolescent suicide and provide necessary mental and interpersonal support.Among numerous suicide intervention methods,school-based interventions based on social-emotional competence have shown great potential in preventing and addressing suicide risk factors in adolescents.The characteristics of school-based interventions based on social-emotional competence,including their appropriateness,necessity,cost-effectiveness,comprehensiveness,and effectiveness,make these interventions an important means of addressing the crisis of adolescent suicide.To further determine the potential of school-based interventions based on social-emotional competence and better address the issue of adolescent suicide,additional financial support should be provided,the combination of socialemotional learning and other suicide prevention programs within schools should be fully leveraged,and cooperation between schools and families,society,and other environments should be maximized.These efforts should be considered future research directions.