Yunnan Malong Chemical Co.,Ltd.(Malong,SH:600792) announced on May 18th to build a20 thousand t/a sodium formate facility usingtail gas produced in yellow phosphorus electricstove as feedstock.
In this review, the new solar water treatment technologies, including solar water desalination in two direct and indirect methods, are comprehensively presented. Recent advances and applications of five major solar de...In this review, the new solar water treatment technologies, including solar water desalination in two direct and indirect methods, are comprehensively presented. Recent advances and applications of five major solar desalination technologies include solar-powered humidification–dehumidification, multi-stage flash desalination, multi-effect desalination, RO, and solar stills. Each technology’s productivity, energy consumption, and water production costs are presented. Also, common methods of solar water disinfection have been reviewed as one of the common and low-cost methods of water treatment, especially in areas with no access to drinking water. However, although desalination technologies have many social, economic, and public health benefits, they are energy-intensive and negatively affect the environment. In addition, the disposal of brine from the desalination processes is one of the most challenging and costly issues. In this regard, the environmental effects of desalination technologies are presented and discussed. Among direct solar water desalination technologies, solar still technology is a low-cost, low-tech, and low-investment method suitable for remote areas, especially in developing countries with low financial support and access to skilled workers. Indirect solar-driven water desalination technologies, including thermal and membrane technologies, are more reliable and technically more mature. Recently, RO technology has received particular attention thanks to its lower energy demand, lower cost, and available solutions to increase membrane durability. Disposal of brines can account for much of the water cost and potentially negatively affect the environment. Therefore, in addition to efforts to improve the efficiency and reduce the cost of solar technologies and water treatment processes, future research studies should consider developing new solutions to this issue.展开更多
AIM:To investigate the role of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate(NADPH) oxidase in colon epithelial cells in the pathogenesis of acute and chronic colon inflammation in a mouse model of dextran sulphate sodi...AIM:To investigate the role of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate(NADPH) oxidase in colon epithelial cells in the pathogenesis of acute and chronic colon inflammation in a mouse model of dextran sulphate sodium(DSS)-induced colitis.METHODS:Balb/c mice were divided into three groups:8 mice with acute DSS-induced colitis(3.5% DSS solution;7 d),8 mice with chronic DSS-induced colitis(3.5% DSS solution for 5 d + water for 6 d;4 cycles;total:44 d) and 12 mice without DSS supplementation as a control group.Primary colonic epithelial cells were isolated using chelation method.The cells were cultivated in the presence of mediators(lipopolysaccharide(LPS),apocynin or diphenyleneiodonium).Viability of cells was assessed by fluorescent microscopy.Production of reactive oxygen species(ROS) by the cells was measured fluorometrically using Amplex Red.Production of tumour necrosis factor-alpha(TNF-α) by the colonic epithelial cells was analysed by ELISA.Nox1 gene expression was assessed by real-time PCR.RESULTS:Our study showed that TNF-α level was increased in unstimulated primary colonic cells both in the acute and chronic colitis groups,whereas decreased viability,increased ROS production,and expression of Nox1 was characteristic only for chronic DSS colitis mice when compared to the controls.The stimulation by LPS increased ROS generation via NADPH oxidase and decreased cell viability in mice with acute colitis.Treatment with NADPH oxidase inhibitors increased cell viability and decreased the levels of ROS and TNF-α in the LPS-treated cells isolated from mice of both acute and chronic colitis groups.CONCLUSION:Our study revealed the importance of NADPH oxidase in the pathogenesis of both acute and chronic inflammation of the colon.展开更多
文摘Yunnan Malong Chemical Co.,Ltd.(Malong,SH:600792) announced on May 18th to build a20 thousand t/a sodium formate facility usingtail gas produced in yellow phosphorus electricstove as feedstock.
文摘In this review, the new solar water treatment technologies, including solar water desalination in two direct and indirect methods, are comprehensively presented. Recent advances and applications of five major solar desalination technologies include solar-powered humidification–dehumidification, multi-stage flash desalination, multi-effect desalination, RO, and solar stills. Each technology’s productivity, energy consumption, and water production costs are presented. Also, common methods of solar water disinfection have been reviewed as one of the common and low-cost methods of water treatment, especially in areas with no access to drinking water. However, although desalination technologies have many social, economic, and public health benefits, they are energy-intensive and negatively affect the environment. In addition, the disposal of brine from the desalination processes is one of the most challenging and costly issues. In this regard, the environmental effects of desalination technologies are presented and discussed. Among direct solar water desalination technologies, solar still technology is a low-cost, low-tech, and low-investment method suitable for remote areas, especially in developing countries with low financial support and access to skilled workers. Indirect solar-driven water desalination technologies, including thermal and membrane technologies, are more reliable and technically more mature. Recently, RO technology has received particular attention thanks to its lower energy demand, lower cost, and available solutions to increase membrane durability. Disposal of brines can account for much of the water cost and potentially negatively affect the environment. Therefore, in addition to efforts to improve the efficiency and reduce the cost of solar technologies and water treatment processes, future research studies should consider developing new solutions to this issue.
文摘AIM:To investigate the role of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate(NADPH) oxidase in colon epithelial cells in the pathogenesis of acute and chronic colon inflammation in a mouse model of dextran sulphate sodium(DSS)-induced colitis.METHODS:Balb/c mice were divided into three groups:8 mice with acute DSS-induced colitis(3.5% DSS solution;7 d),8 mice with chronic DSS-induced colitis(3.5% DSS solution for 5 d + water for 6 d;4 cycles;total:44 d) and 12 mice without DSS supplementation as a control group.Primary colonic epithelial cells were isolated using chelation method.The cells were cultivated in the presence of mediators(lipopolysaccharide(LPS),apocynin or diphenyleneiodonium).Viability of cells was assessed by fluorescent microscopy.Production of reactive oxygen species(ROS) by the cells was measured fluorometrically using Amplex Red.Production of tumour necrosis factor-alpha(TNF-α) by the colonic epithelial cells was analysed by ELISA.Nox1 gene expression was assessed by real-time PCR.RESULTS:Our study showed that TNF-α level was increased in unstimulated primary colonic cells both in the acute and chronic colitis groups,whereas decreased viability,increased ROS production,and expression of Nox1 was characteristic only for chronic DSS colitis mice when compared to the controls.The stimulation by LPS increased ROS generation via NADPH oxidase and decreased cell viability in mice with acute colitis.Treatment with NADPH oxidase inhibitors increased cell viability and decreased the levels of ROS and TNF-α in the LPS-treated cells isolated from mice of both acute and chronic colitis groups.CONCLUSION:Our study revealed the importance of NADPH oxidase in the pathogenesis of both acute and chronic inflammation of the colon.
