The various stages and progress in the development of interconnect materials for solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs )over the last two decades are reviewed. The criteria for the application of materials as interconnects ar...The various stages and progress in the development of interconnect materials for solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs )over the last two decades are reviewed. The criteria for the application of materials as interconnects are highlighted. Interconnects based on lanthanum chromite ceramics demonstrate many inherent drawbacks and therefore are only useful for SOFCs operating around 1000℃. The advance in the research of anode-supported flat SOFCs facilitates the replacement of ceramic interconnects with metallic ones due to their significantly lowered working temperature. Besides, interconnects made of metals or alloys offer many advantages as compared to their ceramic counterpart. The oxidation response and thermal expansion behaviors of various prospective metallic interconnects are examined and evaluated. The minimization of contact resistance to achieve desired and reliable stack performance during their projected lifetime still remains a highly challenging issue with metallic interconnects. Inexpensive coating materials and techniques may play a key role in promoting the commercialization of SOFC stack whose interconnects are constructed of some current commercially available alloys. Alternatively, development of new metallic materials that are capable of forming stable oxide scales with sluggish growth rate and sufficient electrical conductivity is called for.展开更多
Solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) offer a clean, pollution-free technology for the electrochemical conversion of chemical energy of hydrocarbon fuels into electricity. Many programs are being initiated in the United Stat...Solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) offer a clean, pollution-free technology for the electrochemical conversion of chemical energy of hydrocarbon fuels into electricity. Many programs are being initiated in the United States, Europe, Japan and so on. The funding for SOFC development worldwide has risen dramatically and this trend is expected to continue for at least the next decades. These development programs are also investigating wider applications of SOFCs in stationary, residential, transportation and military sectors. Finally, it is summarized the key materials and fabrication processes of SOFC in this paper.展开更多
Proton-conducting oxides offer a promising electrolyte solution for intermediate temperature solid oxide fuel cells（SOFCs） due to their high conductivity and low activation energy. However, the lower operation tempe...Proton-conducting oxides offer a promising electrolyte solution for intermediate temperature solid oxide fuel cells（SOFCs） due to their high conductivity and low activation energy. However, the lower operation temperature leads to a reduced cathode activity and thus a poorer fuel cell performance. La_（0.8）Sr_（0.2）MnO_（3-δ）（LSM） is the classical cathode material for high-temperature SOFCs, which lack features as a proper SOFC cathode material at intermediate temperatures.Despite this, we here successfully couple nanostructured LSM cathode with proton-conducting electrolytes to operate below600℃ with desirable SOFC performance. Inkjet printing allows depositing nanostructured particles of LSM on Y-doped Ba ZrO_3（BZY） backbones as cathodes for proton-conducting SOFCs, which provides one of the highest power output for the BZY-based fuel cells below 600 ℃. This somehow changes the common knowledge that LSM can be applied as a SOFC cathode materials only at high temperatures（above 700 ℃）.展开更多
文摘The various stages and progress in the development of interconnect materials for solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs )over the last two decades are reviewed. The criteria for the application of materials as interconnects are highlighted. Interconnects based on lanthanum chromite ceramics demonstrate many inherent drawbacks and therefore are only useful for SOFCs operating around 1000℃. The advance in the research of anode-supported flat SOFCs facilitates the replacement of ceramic interconnects with metallic ones due to their significantly lowered working temperature. Besides, interconnects made of metals or alloys offer many advantages as compared to their ceramic counterpart. The oxidation response and thermal expansion behaviors of various prospective metallic interconnects are examined and evaluated. The minimization of contact resistance to achieve desired and reliable stack performance during their projected lifetime still remains a highly challenging issue with metallic interconnects. Inexpensive coating materials and techniques may play a key role in promoting the commercialization of SOFC stack whose interconnects are constructed of some current commercially available alloys. Alternatively, development of new metallic materials that are capable of forming stable oxide scales with sluggish growth rate and sufficient electrical conductivity is called for.
基金support from the NSFC key projects (50730004, 50872150 )MOST projects(2009DFA6136)MOE projects(NCET-06-0203,20060290005)
文摘Solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) offer a clean, pollution-free technology for the electrochemical conversion of chemical energy of hydrocarbon fuels into electricity. Many programs are being initiated in the United States, Europe, Japan and so on. The funding for SOFC development worldwide has risen dramatically and this trend is expected to continue for at least the next decades. These development programs are also investigating wider applications of SOFCs in stationary, residential, transportation and military sectors. Finally, it is summarized the key materials and fabrication processes of SOFC in this paper.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (51602238)the Thousand Talents Plan
文摘Proton-conducting oxides offer a promising electrolyte solution for intermediate temperature solid oxide fuel cells（SOFCs） due to their high conductivity and low activation energy. However, the lower operation temperature leads to a reduced cathode activity and thus a poorer fuel cell performance. La_（0.8）Sr_（0.2）MnO_（3-δ）（LSM） is the classical cathode material for high-temperature SOFCs, which lack features as a proper SOFC cathode material at intermediate temperatures.Despite this, we here successfully couple nanostructured LSM cathode with proton-conducting electrolytes to operate below600℃ with desirable SOFC performance. Inkjet printing allows depositing nanostructured particles of LSM on Y-doped Ba ZrO_3（BZY） backbones as cathodes for proton-conducting SOFCs, which provides one of the highest power output for the BZY-based fuel cells below 600 ℃. This somehow changes the common knowledge that LSM can be applied as a SOFC cathode materials only at high temperatures（above 700 ℃）.
