EDTA-type Polymer Based on Diazacrown Ether as the Solubilizer of Barium Sulfate to Water

The EDTA dianhydride reacted with diazacrown ethers to obtain the water-soluble EDTA-diazacrown ether polymers 1~3. The effects of crown ether ring in the polymer chains including its cavity size on the solubilization of barium sulfate to water were investigated by comparison with the crown ring-free analogue 4. The result shows that the polymer 2 is the efficient solubilizer of BaSO4 and the highest solubilization efficiency of the BaSO4to water is up to 72.5%.

Crosslinked solubilizer enables nitrate-enriched carbonate polymer electrolytes for stable,high-voltage lithium metal batteries

High-voltage lithium metal batteries(LMBs)have been considered promising next-generation highenergy-density batteries.However,commercial carbonate electrolytes can scarcely be employed in LMBs owing to their poor compatibility with metallic lithium.N,N-dimethylacrylamide(DMAA)-a crosslinkable solubilizer with a high Gutmann donor number-is employed to facilitate the dissolution of insoluble lithium nitrate(LiNO3)in carbonate-based electrolytes and to form gel polymer electrolytes(GPEs)through in situ polymerization.The Lit solvation structure of the GPEs is regulated using LiNO3 and DMAA,which suppresses the decomposition of LiPFe and facilitates the formation of an inorganic-rich solid electrolyte interface.Consequently,the Coulombic efficiency(CE)of the LillCu cell assembled with a GPE increases to 98.5%at room temperature,and the high-voltage LillNCM622 cell achieves a capacity retention of 80.1%with a high CE of 99.5%after 400 cycles.The bifunctional polymer electrolytes are anticipated to pave the way for next-generation high-voltage LMBs.

Modeling solubility of oxaprozin and irbesartan in biorelevant complex solutions based on a combination of pH-dependent and micellar solubilization models

Biological solubility is one of the important basic parameters in the development process of poorly soluble drugs,but the current measurement methods are mainly based on a large number of experiments,which are time-consuming and cost-intensive.There is still a lack of effective theoretical models to accurately describe and predict the biological solubility of drugs to reduce costs.Therefore,in this study,osaprazole and irbesartan were selected as model drugs,and their solubility in solutions containing surfactants and biorelevant media was measured experimentally.By calculating the parameters of each component using the perturbed-chain statistical associating fluid theory(PC-SAFT)model,combined with pH-dependent and micellar solubilization models,the thermodynamic phase behavior of the two drugs was successfully modeled,and the predicted results were in good agreement with the experimental values.These results demonstrate that the model combination used provides important basic parameters and theoretical guidance for the development and screening of poorly soluble drugs and related formulations.

Integrated Effects of Phosphate Rock and Chemical Fertilizers on the Dynamics of Soil Bacterial in Acidic Rice Paddy Soils of Man (Ivory Coast)

In agricultural soils, phosphorus is often limited, leading farmers to employ artificial supplementation through both inorganic and organic fertilization methods due to its restricted availability. Soil fertilization has the potential to augment both the abundance and diversity of bacterial communities. Our study aimed to assess the effects of phosphate amendments, derived from natural phosphate rock, and chemical fertilizers (TSP, NPK), on the density and diversity of bacterial communities within the study plots. We developed and applied eight phosphate amendments during the initial cultivation cycle. Soil samples were collected post 1st and 2nd cultivation cycles, and the quantification of both total and cultivable phosphate-solubilizing bacteria (PSB) was conducted. Additionally, we analyzed bacterial community structure, α-diversity (Shannon Diversity Index, Evenness Index, Chao1 Index). The combination of natural phosphate rock (PR) and chemical fertilizers (TSP, NPK) significantly increased (p 7 bacteria/g dry soil) and phosphate-solubilizing bacteria (0.01 to 6.8 × 107 PSB/g dry soil) in comparison to unamended control soils. The diversity of bacterial phyla (Firmicutes, Actinobacteria, Proteobacteria, Halobacterota, Chloroflexia) observed under each treatment remained consistent regardless of the nature of the phosphate amendment applied. However, changes in the abundance of the bacterial phyla populations were observed as a function of the nature of the phosphate amendment or chemical fertilizer. It appears that the addition of excessive natural phosphate rock does not alter the number and the diversity of soil microorganisms population despite successive cultivation cycles. However, the addition of excessive chemical fertilizer reduces soil microorganisms density and structure after the 2nd cultivation cycle.

Bibliometric analysis of soil phosphate solubilizing microorganisms research using VOSviewer

Phosphorus-solubilizing microbes play key roles in improving phosphorus availability and in alleviating phosphorus nutrient limitation in soils. However, we did not have a comprehensive understanding of the overall research progress and development trend of phosphorus solubilizing microorganisms. In this study, we obtain documents from the Web of Science (WOS) core collection between 2002 and 2022, and a comprehensive review of the progress of global research on soil phosphate solubilizing microorganisms was conducted by using the VOSviewer bibliometric analysis tool. The results showed an increasing trend in the number of published articles from 2002 to 2022. India, accounting for 28% of the total number of published articles, became the most productive country. However, Canada was the country with the highest average citation frequency of articles. Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) was the greatest contributor with the most publications. Among the published journals, Frontiers in Microbiology, Applied Soil Ecology and Plant and Soil were the top three core journals in this field. Based on the keyword analysis, the assessment of the mechanisms between phosphorus solubilizing microbes and the soil carbon cycles with the different management practices became the new research trend among the scientific communities. These findings would provide an important reference value for future in-depth research on soil phosphate solubilizing microorganisms.

Analysis of NPK in Camellia sinensis, Gliricidia sepium, and Musa acuminata Biomasses for Preparation of an Organic Fertilizers Formula for Young Tea Plants (Musa acuminata) and Studying of Their Nutrient Release Capacity in the Biodegradation Process

This study investigates the nitrogen (N), phosphorous (P), and potassium (K) contents in raw biomasses of Camellia sinensis, Gliricidia sepium, and Musa acuminata. Therein, the highest N and P content was seen in Camellia sinensis 116.80 ± 0.08 mg and 66.00 ± 0.14 mg respectively. The highest K content (106.80 ± 0.04 mg) was observed in Musa acuminata. Next, all three types of plant materials were allowed to decompose in water for 3 weeks, and a sample from each was analyzed for NPK after the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd week during decomposition. A significant increase in the release of N, P, and K by the Camellia sinensis to water (P Musa acuminate were not significantly changed (P > 0.05) over time. The ratio for N:P:K was calculated for raw biomass samples and decomposed samples to find the best fitting N:P:K ratio to apply to young tea plants as organic fertilizers. In addition to that, the microbial insight of these organic compounds was analyzed by observing how microbial population increased with decomposition by the enumeration of the total microbial count. A considerable increment in total microbial count was observed up to 3.28 × 106, 1.21 × 1010, 2.18 × 108, and 6.49 × 107 CFU/ml for Camellia sinensis, Gliricidia sepium, Musa accuminata (leaves), and Musa accuminata (trunk) respectively. The presence of phosphate solubilizing bacteria (PSB) and nitrogen solubilizing bacteria (NSB) throughout the decomposition period was confirmed by their growth on NBRIP and a modified nutrient medium that was specifically designed for the identification of ammonifiers respectively. Prepared fertilizer samples were applied to young tea plants that were grown in the Mawanella area in Sri Lanka (7°15'12.42"N 80°26'47.62"E) and according to the results, it is clear that fertilizer mixture 1 (N:P:K, 10:5:10, tea dust + Gliricidia + banana trunk) and fertilizer mixture 2 (N:P:K, 10:5:10, tea dust + Gliricidia + banana leaves) has the potential to increase the growth of young tea plants.

Analysis on the formation principle and present situation of nano phase state of multi-component self-assembly of traditional Chinese compound medicine decoction

Traditional Chinese medicine decoction is a complex polydispersed phase system containing real solution,colloid solution,emulsion and suspension.The compound decoction of traditional Chinese medicine has complex components,including saponins,alkaloids,polysaccharides,flavonoids,amino acids and so on,which can be self-assembled to form gels,fibers,micelles,vesicles and so on.The self-assembled nano-phase not only neutralizes the single drug and reduces the toxicity and side effects,but also has its own pharmacological effects,which complement each other to achieve synergistic effect,so as to achieve the role of drug supplement,which is of research significance.The formation principle,solubilization and synergism principle and characterization method of multi-component self-assembly of traditional Chinese medicine compound decoction are discussed in this paper.

Amelioration of Salt Stress on Wheat Plants Growth in Coastal Saline Soil by a Phosphate Solubilizing Bacterium Enterobacteria sp. EnHy-401

A pot experiment was conducted to examine the effects of a phosphate solubilizing bacterium（PSB）,Enterobacteria sp.EnHy-401,on the availability of insoluble accumulative phosphorus（P）and growth of wheat（Triticum Ningmai No.13）plants in sterile saline soil.Our results showed that the strain EnHy-401 had the ability to activate the insoluble accumulated phosphorus in saline soil and enhanced nutrient uptake efficiency by wheat plants,then conferred resistance in wheat plants to salt stress and resulted in a significant growth increase.In saline soil inoculated with Enterobacteria sp.EnHy-401,available phosphorus and exchangeable calcium was increased from 6.4 mg/kg and 1 162 mg/kg to 10.3 mg/kg and 1 214 mg/kg,respectively.Wheat seedling grown in soil inoculated with the EnHy-401 strain increased shoot weight by 28.1% and root weight by 14.6% when compared to the control.P,Ca,K and Mg contents in shoots increased 34.4%,36.3%,31.5%,and 6.3% compared to the control,respectively.the fact that the increases in available P,biomass P,and Ca2＋ concentration in saline soil treated with PSB Enterobacter sp.EnHy-401 inocula,and high relativity between the P,Ca,K,and Mg content in wheat tissue and dry matter indicated that PSB Enterobacter sp.EnHy-401 suppressed the adverse effect of salinity stress in plants through nutrient（P and Ca）supply and nutrient（K and Mg）uptake enhancement.The phosphate solubilizing activity of Enterobacteria sp.EnHy-401 and the amelioration of salt stress on wheat plants by the strain varied with the salinity levels and content of organic matter in the saline soil.

Regulating dissolution chemistry of nitrates in carbonate electrolyte for high-stable lithium metal batteries

Lithium metal batteries(LMBs)have received increasing attention due to the high energy density.However,the practical application of LMBs is limited due to the incompatibility of ester electrolytes.Transition metal(TM)nitrates have been reported as effective additives in ester electrolyte to improve the stability of lithium anode.Unfortunately,the nitrates are restricted to use due to their poor solubility.We find that the nitrates containing crystal water have high solubility in ester electrolytes.Considering that most TM nitrates contain crystal water and the crystal water can be used as a perfect solubilizer of nitrates,thus,the method is of universality and facile without introducing any solubilizing agent.Herein,In(NO_(3))_(3.6)H_(2)O is chosen as one typical case with increased solubility up to 0.2 M compared with In(NO_(3))_(3)which hardly dissolves in ester electrolyte.The additive promotes the rapid and stable formation of the solid electrolyte interface(SEI),which effectively inhibits the lithium dendrites formation.Moreover,the induced cathode electrolyte interface(CEI)maintains the structural stability of Li Ni_(0.8)Co_(0.1)Mn_(0.1)O_(2)(NCM811).As a result,the electrochemical performance of Li|NCM811 cell is obviously improved.Our study provides a new idea for dissolving nitrates in ester electrolytes and discloses the synergistic function of TM-ions.

Phosphorus Solubilizing Capability,IAA Secretion and Characteristics of Phosphorus-solubilizing Bacteria in Rhizosphere of Alfalfa in Guizhou Province

[Objective] The study aimed to isolate and screen efficient phosphorus-sol- ubilizing strains from the root soil of alfalfa in Guizhou, and investigate its growth promoting mechanism. [Method] Phosphorus solubilizing bacteria were isolated from rhizosphere of alfalfa with inorganic and organic phosphorous medium and the strains with higher capacity of dissolving phosphorus were screened through dissolv- ing phosphate zone and further researched. Meanwhile the phosphorus solubilizing capability of strains cultured in liquid medium was investigated by molybdenum blue colorimetric method. [Result] The capacity of dissolving calcium phosphate of 11 se- lected strains differed significantly and tended to be volatile from 150.40 to 268.20 μg/ml; phosphate solubilization capacity, IAA secretion and the pH of culture media did not show any significant correlation; all strains could produce IAA, and the se- cretion was from 12.09 to 22.16 μg/ml; the selected strains all could produce alka- line matter, and most of colonies were pale or milky white, irregular, opaque, jagged, flat and non-pigmented; utilization of carbon sources by different strains varied signifi- cantly. [Conclusion] The study laid the foundation for relieving phosphorus in unpro- ductive land, saving phosphate resources, reducing environmental pollution and pro- viding fertilizer in alfalfa production.

Effects of phosphate solubilization and phytohormone production of Trichoderma asperellum Q1 on promoting cucumber growth under salt stress

Salinity is one of the major abiotic stresses limiting crop growth and yield.This study investigated the underlying mechanisms of Trichoderma asperellum Q1 in promoting cucumber growth under salt stress, including the abilities of the strain to solubilize phosphate and to produce phytohormone.The results showed that T.asperellum Q1 could solubilize inorganic or organic phosphate and the activities of phosphatases and phytase could be detected in the culture supernatant.In hydroponic experiments, the growth of cucumber seedlings was increased in the hydroponic system treated by culture filtrate of strain Q1 with tricalcium phosphate or calcium phytate under salt stress.This strain also exhibited the ability to produce indole acetic acid（IAA）, gibberellic acid（GA） and abscisic acid（ABA） in liquid medium without any inducers.The levels of those three phytohormones in cucumber seedling leaves also increased after inoculated with this strain, along with increased root growth and root activities of the plant.These results demonstrated the mechanisms of T.asperellum Q1 in alleviating the suppression effect of salt stress involving the change of phytohormone levels in cucumber plant and its ability of phosphate solubilization.

Influence of nonionic surfactant on the solubilization and biodegradation of phenanthrene

Phenanthrene was solubilized in two different nonionic surfactants, Tween80 and Triton X-100. The bioavailability of phenanthrene to the bacteria isolated from the petroleum contaminated soils was studied based on the rotary flasks experiments. The results showed that the concentration of nonionic surfactants above the critical micelle concentration(CMC) can increase the solubility of phenanthrene in water and were innoxious to the phenanthrene-degrading bacteria; phenanthrene solubilized in the micelles of Tween80 was bioavailable and biodegradable. The research demonstrated the potential of surfactant-enhanced bioremediation of soils contaminated by hydrophobic organic compounds(HOCs).

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon biodegradation and extracellular enzyme secretion in agitated and stationary cultures of Phanerochaete chrysosporium

The extracellular enzyme secretion and biodegradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons （PAHs） were studied in agitated and shallow stationary liquid cultures of Phanerochaete chrysosporium. Veratryl alcohol and Tween80 were added to cultures as lignin peroxidase （LIP） and manganese peroxidase （MnP） inducer, respectively. Shallow stationary cultures were suitable for the production of enzyme, whereas agitated cultures enhanced overall biodegradation by facilitating interphase mass transfer of PAHs into aqueous phases. The use of a LiP stimulator, veratryl alcohol, did not increase PAH degradation but significantly enhanced LiP activity. In contrast, Tween80 increased both MnP secretion and PAH degradation in shallow stationary cultures. On the other hand, high PAH degradation was observed in agitated cultures in the absence of detectable LiP and MnP activities. The results suggested that extracellular peroxidase activities are not directly related to the PAH degradation, and the increased solubility rather than enzyme activity may be more important in the promotion of PAH degradation.

Effect of monovalent anions on cationic Gemini micro-emulsion

Micro-emulsion usually consists of water, oil, surfactants and co-surfactants, and each component has an effect on the phase behavior and solubilization of the micro-emulsion. When the surfactant in the micro-emulsion system is quaternary ammonium cationic Gemini surfactant, the surfactant mainly combines with the anions in the salt. With the increase of salt concentration, the phase transformation of Winsor I → Winsor III → Winsor II occurred, but the optimum salinity and salt width are different because of the type of salt. The effects of 5 different kinds of monovalent anions, including C_6H_5SO_3^-, I-, Br-, NO_3^- and Cl-, on the phase behavior and solubilization of quaternary ammonium cationic Gemini micro-emulsion are researched by Winsor phase diagram. It is found that the effects of organic anions C_6H_5SO_3-and I-on the phase behavior and solubilization of quaternary ammonium cationic Gemini micro-emulsion are most significant, and the effects of Br-, NO_3^- and Cl-are less significant. Meanwhile, when the optimum solubilization is achieved, the amount of sodium benzoate is the least, indicating that the organic anion has stronger self-organization behavior with quaternary ammonium cationic Gemini surfactants.

Comparison and optimization of the method for Cry1Ac protoxin preparation in HD73 strain

Bacillus thuringiensis is one of the most widely used bioinsecticides, and cry gene is the major insecticidal gene.Because Cry1 Ac protein shows strong toxicity against many lepidopteran species, it has been applied widely in spraying products and transgenic Bt-crops.The preparation of Cry protoxin is the first step in the very important processes of understanding the insecticidal mechanism, resistance screening, and biosafety assessments.The media for crystal production and the method for Cry protoxin preparation were varied, however, it was not clear which was better for preparing a larger amount of Cry protoxin.In this paper, three media for crystal production and the method for Cry1 Ac protoxin preparation from HD73 strain were compared to find an efficacious way to prepare a large number of Cry1 Ac protoxin.The results showed that the 1/2 LB（Luria-Bertani） medium was the ideal medium for crystal production, because the total yield of Cry1 Ac protoxin in 300 m L 1/2 LB medium was（112.38±5.64） mg, the highest one among three media; the repeated crystal solubilization method was better for the preparation of the Cry protoxin comparing with the continuous crystal solubilization method.It will be a reference for other Cry protoxin preparation, especially for larger number.

Mobilization of Phosphorus by Naturally Occurring Or－ganic Acids in Oxisols and Ultisols

Citric and malic acids at concentrations of 0.1, 1.0, 10, and 100 mmol/L were added to three Ultisolsand one Oxisol. The amount of P in solution increased with increasing organic acid concentrations, while theaniount of Fe- and Al-bound P decreased. This result suggested that naturally occurring products of organicmatter decomposition could increase the P availability to plants in soils where there is a relatively large poolof Fe- and Al-bound P.The interactions between citric and malic acids at the above concentrations. and P added at rates of10, 20, 40, and 80 mg/kg were determined. At zero levels of organic acids, all added P became either labileor bound, and greater proportions remained soluble as the concentration of organic acids increased, whichsuggested that organic acids reduced fixation of dissolved P in Fe- and AI-rich soils.Agricultural practices which increase organic matter input on P-deficient acid soiIs could decrease Pdeficiency. This would be important in many tropical and subtropical regions where these soils are common,and where the costs of fertilizers and lime are relatively high.

Water solubility enhancements of PAHs by sodium castor oil sulfonate microemulsions

Water solubility enhancements of naphthalene(Naph), phenantherene(Phen) and pyrene(Py) in sodium castor oil sulfonate(SCOS) microemulsions were evaluated. The apparent solubilities of PAHs are linearly proportional to the concentrations of SCOS microemulsion, and the enhancement extent by SCOS solutions is greater than that by ordinary surfactants on the basis of weight solubilization ratio(WSR). The log K em values of Naph, Phen, and Py are 3 13, 4 44 and 5 01 respectively, which are about the same as the log K ow values. At 5000 mg/L of SCOS conccentration, the apparent solubilities are 8 80, 121, and 674 times as the intrinsic solubilities for Naph, Phen, and Py. The effects of inorganic ions and temperature on the solubilization of solutes are also investigated. The solubilization is improved with a moderate addition of Ca 2+ , Na +, NH + 4 and the mixture of Na +, K +, Ca 2+ , Mg 2+ and NH + 4. WSR values are enhanced by 22 0% for Naph, 23 4% for Phen, and 24 6% for Py with temperature increasing by 5℃. The results indicated that SCOS microemulsions improve the performance of the surfactant enhanced remediation(SER) of soil, by increasing solubilities of organic pollutants and reducing the level of surfactant pollution and remediation expenses.

Solubilization of Rock Phosphate in Liquid Culture by Fungal Isolates from Rhizosphere Soil

Rock phosphate （RP） is a low efficiency P fertilizer that is directly applied to the soil and can be solubilized by phosphate-solubilizing microorganisms （PSMs） in fermentation or soil conditions. This study investigated dynamic solubilization of 2 concentrations of rock phosphate in a liquid culture with different dosages of glucose by two fungal isolates,Aspergillus niger P39 and Penicillium oxalicum P66, from soybean and wheat rhizosphere soil. Although during the 20 day culture period A. niger P39 had a stronger ability to acidify the culture media than P. ozalicum P66, soluble P concentrations at glucose dosages of 30 and 50 g L^-1 with RP of 15 g L^-1 in the culture solution were much higher by P. oxalicum P66. The greater effectiveness of P. oxalicum P66 compared to A. niger P39 in the solubilization of RP was strongly associated with the production of organic acids. This study suggested that for RP solubilization the type rather than the concentration of PSM-produced organic acids was more important.

Response of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and phosphorus solubilizing bacteria to remediation abandoned solid waste of coal mine

Coal is the vital resource of energy in China,but abandoned coal ash and gangue lead to the degradation of vegetation cover and reduce soil quality.Both arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and phosphate solubilizing bacteria (PSB) play a key role in biogeochemical cycle such as soil organic matter decomposition,nutrition release,and energy flow.To improve and reclamation the soil quality and ecological efficiency of the coal mining waste,we investigated the effects of an AMF strain (Glomus mosseae) and a PSB strain (Pantoesstewarti) on phytate mineralization and subsequent transfer to the host plant (Medicago sativa L.) using a two-compartment microcosm with a central 30 mm nylon mesh barrier.The results showed that significantly higher available P (AP),above ground biomass (AGB) and underground biomass (UGB) were in combined inoculation of AMF-PSB than other treatments in root and hyphae compartment.The microbial inoculum of the AMF or PSB had a significant influence on soil acid phosphatase activities (ACP).AMF-PSB enhanced phytate mineralization,improved plant biomass.AP and ACP positively influenced the AGB and UGB.AMF-PSB could be used as bioinoculant to enhance sustainable production of the plant in abandoned solid waste of coal mine.

Isolation, characterization and effect of plant-growth-promoting rhizobacteria on pine seedlings(Pinus pseudostrobus Lindl.)

In this study,10 bacterial strains were isolated from the rhizosphere of coniferous trees on Mount Tla′loc in Mexico.The strains were characterized by their capacity to produce auxins,solubilize phosphates and stimulate mycelial growth of the ectomycorrhizal fungus Suillus sp.All isolates were identified at the molecular level.Moreover,an experiment was established to evaluate the response of Pinus pseudostrobus seedlings to inoculation with the rhizobacteria strains.The isolated strains belonged to the species Cupriavidus basilensis,Rhodococcus qingshengii,R.erythropolis,Pseudomonas spp.,P.gessardii,Stenotrophomonas rhizophila and Cohnella sp.All of the strains produced auxins;the best producer was R.erythropolis CPT9(76.4 lg mL^-1).P.gessardii CPT6 solubilized phosphate at a significant level(443 lg mL^-1).The strain S.rhizophila CPT8 significantly increased the radial growth of the ectomycorrhizal fungus Suillus sp.by 18.8%.Five strains increased the dry mass of the shoots;R.qingshengii CPT4 and R.erythropolis CPT9 increased growth the most,by more than 20%.Inoculation with plant-growth-promoting rhizobacteria can be a very useful practice in a forest nursery to produce healthy,vigorous plants.