The effects of various quinone compounds on the decolorization rates of sulfonated azo dyes by Sphingomonas xenophaga QYY were investigated. The results showed that anthraquinone-2-sulfonate （AQS） was the most effec...The effects of various quinone compounds on the decolorization rates of sulfonated azo dyes by Sphingomonas xenophaga QYY were investigated. The results showed that anthraquinone-2-sulfonate （AQS） was the most effective redox mediator and AQS reduction was the rate-limited step of AQS-mediated decolorization of sulfonated azo dyes. Based on AQS biological toxicity tests, it was assumed that AQS might enter the cells and kill them. In the cytoplasmic extracts from strain QYY, AQS more effectively increased decolorization rates of sulfonated azo dyes than other quinone compounds. In addition, we found a NADH/FMN-dependent AQS reductase using nondenaturing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis （Native-PAGE）.展开更多
A novel chitinolytic and chitosanolytic bacterium, Sphingomonas sp. CJ-5, has been isolated and characterized. It secretes both chitinase and chitosanase into surrounding medium in response to chitin or chitosan induc...A novel chitinolytic and chitosanolytic bacterium, Sphingomonas sp. CJ-5, has been isolated and characterized. It secretes both chitinase and chitosanase into surrounding medium in response to chitin or chitosan induction. To characterize the enzymes, both chitinase and chitosanase were purified by ammonium sulfate precipitation, Sephadex G-200 gel filtration and DEAE-Sepharose Fast Flow. SDS-PAGE analysis demonstrated molecular masses of chitinase and chitosanase were 230 kDa and 45 kDa respectively. The optimum hydrolysis conditions for chitinase were about pH 7.0 and 36 ℃, and these for chitosanase were pH 6.5 and 56 ℃, respectively. Both enzymes were quite stable up to 45 ℃ for one hour at pH 5-8. These results show that CJ-5 may have potential for industrial application particularly in recycling of chitin wastes.展开更多
Sphingomonas paucimobilis is an emerging gram-negative aerobic bacterium, generally causing infections in immunocompromised patients. Few data are available about peritonitis in peritoneal dialysis due to this pathoge...Sphingomonas paucimobilis is an emerging gram-negative aerobic bacterium, generally causing infections in immunocompromised patients. Few data are available about peritonitis in peritoneal dialysis due to this pathogen. The clinical courses and outcomes of peritonitis are variable, with a high frequency of catheter removal and peritoneal dialysis withdrawal. No guidelines are available for the treatment of Sphingomonas paucimobilis related peritonitis, due to its emerging role as pathogen, the high antibiotic resistance and unpredictable antibiotic sensitivity. Here, we describe a case of Sphingomonas paucimobilis peritonitis in a 52-year-old diabetic patient in Continuous Cycler-Assisted Peritoneal Dialysis (CCPD) for 4 months, successfully treated with a combined intraperitoneally administration of meropenem (250 mg/L) and ciprofloxacin (100 mg/L) for 21 days. No hospital admission and change of peritoneal dialysis scheme were needed;no relapses of peritonitis were observed during 18 months of follow-up.展开更多
Bacterial decolorization of anthraquinone dye intermediates is a slow process under aerobic conditions. To speed up the process, in the present study, effects of various nutrients on 1-amino-4-bromoanthraquinone-2-sul...Bacterial decolorization of anthraquinone dye intermediates is a slow process under aerobic conditions. To speed up the process, in the present study, effects of various nutrients on 1-amino-4-bromoanthraquinone-2-sulfonic acid（ABAS） decolorization by Sphingomonas xenophaga QYY were investigated. The results showed that peptone, yeast extract and casamino acid amendments promoted ABAS bio-decolorization. In particular,the addition of peptone and casamino acids could improve the decolorization activity of strain QYY. Further experiments showed that L-proline had a more significant accelerating effect on ABAS decolorization compared with other amino acids. L-Proline not only supported cell growth, but also significantly increased the decolorization activity of strain QYY. Membrane proteins of strain QYY exhibited ABAS decolorization activities in the presence of L-proline or reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, while this behavior was not observed in the presence of other amino acids. Moreover, the positive correlation between L-proline concentration and the decolorization activity of membrane proteins was observed, indicating that L-proline plays an important role in ABAS decolorization. The above findings provide us not only a novel insight into bacterial ABAS decolorization, but also an L-proline-supplemented bioaugmentation strategy for enhancing ABAS bio-decolorization.展开更多
Sphingomonas xenophaga QYY, capable of growing significantly on more than ten kinds of aromatic compounds as sole carbon source, was used to study characterization of catechol 1,2-dioxygenase (C12O) in cell extracts. ...Sphingomonas xenophaga QYY, capable of growing significantly on more than ten kinds of aromatic compounds as sole carbon source, was used to study characterization of catechol 1,2-dioxygenase (C12O) in cell extracts. Characterization of the crude C12O showed that the maximum activity was obtained at 40–70°C and pH 7.8–8.8. Metal ions had different influences on the activity of crude C12O. It was suggested that strain QYY possessed an inducible and ferric-dependent C12O. Kinetic studies showed that the value of V max and K m was 0.25 μmol catechol/L/mg protein/min and 52.85 μmol/L, respectively. In addition, the partial purification of C12O was achieved by a HiTrap Q Sepharose column chromatography.展开更多
Biofouling is an important problem for reverse osmosis (RO) membrane manufacturers. Bacteria are mainly involved in generating fouling and obturating RO membranes. Insights into biofilm bacteria composition could help...Biofouling is an important problem for reverse osmosis (RO) membrane manufacturers. Bacteria are mainly involved in generating fouling and obturating RO membranes. Insights into biofilm bacteria composition could help prevent biofouling, reduce the cost of using RO-fouling membranes and guarantee safe water. Culture-dependent and independent techniques were then performed in order to identify bacteria associated with RO membranes. Bacteria cultures described the presence of six pure colonies, four of which were identified through API testing. Based on 16s rRNA gene analysis, a predominant bacterium was identified and annotated as Sphingomonas sp. The 16s rRNA gene clone library, on the other hand, showed that the bacterium, Pseudomonas marincola, accounted for nearly 30% of the clone library, while the rest of bacteria were chimeras (62%) and non-representative species (3%). In conclusion, culture-dependent and independent approaches showed that two dominant bacteria were commonly observed in RO desalination membranes.展开更多
Metagenomics and bacterial culture were used to determine the normal skin microbiome of the Western mosquitofish (Gambusia affinis). This is the first study of G. affinis, and the most in-depth study of any fish skin,...Metagenomics and bacterial culture were used to determine the normal skin microbiome of the Western mosquitofish (Gambusia affinis). This is the first study of G. affinis, and the most in-depth study of any fish skin, utilizing a combination of 16S profile pyrosequencing and culture analysis. Over 1800 sequences obtained from three individuals reveal that over half of all sequences come from five invariant genera, Acinetobacter, Sphingomonas, Acidovorax, Enhydrobacter, and Aquabacterium. The microbiome is diverse but has low equitability, with a total of 81 genera detected. Challenge studies suggest that non-native bacteria cannot colonize the skin. This definition of the normal skin microbiome lays the foundation for future studies with this model system.展开更多
文摘The effects of various quinone compounds on the decolorization rates of sulfonated azo dyes by Sphingomonas xenophaga QYY were investigated. The results showed that anthraquinone-2-sulfonate （AQS） was the most effective redox mediator and AQS reduction was the rate-limited step of AQS-mediated decolorization of sulfonated azo dyes. Based on AQS biological toxicity tests, it was assumed that AQS might enter the cells and kill them. In the cytoplasmic extracts from strain QYY, AQS more effectively increased decolorization rates of sulfonated azo dyes than other quinone compounds. In addition, we found a NADH/FMN-dependent AQS reductase using nondenaturing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis （Native-PAGE）.
基金Project supported by the Marine Bureau of Zhejiang Province, China
文摘A novel chitinolytic and chitosanolytic bacterium, Sphingomonas sp. CJ-5, has been isolated and characterized. It secretes both chitinase and chitosanase into surrounding medium in response to chitin or chitosan induction. To characterize the enzymes, both chitinase and chitosanase were purified by ammonium sulfate precipitation, Sephadex G-200 gel filtration and DEAE-Sepharose Fast Flow. SDS-PAGE analysis demonstrated molecular masses of chitinase and chitosanase were 230 kDa and 45 kDa respectively. The optimum hydrolysis conditions for chitinase were about pH 7.0 and 36 ℃, and these for chitosanase were pH 6.5 and 56 ℃, respectively. Both enzymes were quite stable up to 45 ℃ for one hour at pH 5-8. These results show that CJ-5 may have potential for industrial application particularly in recycling of chitin wastes.
文摘Sphingomonas paucimobilis is an emerging gram-negative aerobic bacterium, generally causing infections in immunocompromised patients. Few data are available about peritonitis in peritoneal dialysis due to this pathogen. The clinical courses and outcomes of peritonitis are variable, with a high frequency of catheter removal and peritoneal dialysis withdrawal. No guidelines are available for the treatment of Sphingomonas paucimobilis related peritonitis, due to its emerging role as pathogen, the high antibiotic resistance and unpredictable antibiotic sensitivity. Here, we describe a case of Sphingomonas paucimobilis peritonitis in a 52-year-old diabetic patient in Continuous Cycler-Assisted Peritoneal Dialysis (CCPD) for 4 months, successfully treated with a combined intraperitoneally administration of meropenem (250 mg/L) and ciprofloxacin (100 mg/L) for 21 days. No hospital admission and change of peritoneal dialysis scheme were needed;no relapses of peritonitis were observed during 18 months of follow-up.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 21077019)the special grade of financial support from Postdoctoral Science Foundation of China (No. 201003617)
文摘Bacterial decolorization of anthraquinone dye intermediates is a slow process under aerobic conditions. To speed up the process, in the present study, effects of various nutrients on 1-amino-4-bromoanthraquinone-2-sulfonic acid（ABAS） decolorization by Sphingomonas xenophaga QYY were investigated. The results showed that peptone, yeast extract and casamino acid amendments promoted ABAS bio-decolorization. In particular,the addition of peptone and casamino acids could improve the decolorization activity of strain QYY. Further experiments showed that L-proline had a more significant accelerating effect on ABAS decolorization compared with other amino acids. L-Proline not only supported cell growth, but also significantly increased the decolorization activity of strain QYY. Membrane proteins of strain QYY exhibited ABAS decolorization activities in the presence of L-proline or reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, while this behavior was not observed in the presence of other amino acids. Moreover, the positive correlation between L-proline concentration and the decolorization activity of membrane proteins was observed, indicating that L-proline plays an important role in ABAS decolorization. The above findings provide us not only a novel insight into bacterial ABAS decolorization, but also an L-proline-supplemented bioaugmentation strategy for enhancing ABAS bio-decolorization.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 50608011)the 39th Postdoctoral Funds of China (Grant No. 20060390983)
文摘Sphingomonas xenophaga QYY, capable of growing significantly on more than ten kinds of aromatic compounds as sole carbon source, was used to study characterization of catechol 1,2-dioxygenase (C12O) in cell extracts. Characterization of the crude C12O showed that the maximum activity was obtained at 40–70°C and pH 7.8–8.8. Metal ions had different influences on the activity of crude C12O. It was suggested that strain QYY possessed an inducible and ferric-dependent C12O. Kinetic studies showed that the value of V max and K m was 0.25 μmol catechol/L/mg protein/min and 52.85 μmol/L, respectively. In addition, the partial purification of C12O was achieved by a HiTrap Q Sepharose column chromatography.
文摘Biofouling is an important problem for reverse osmosis (RO) membrane manufacturers. Bacteria are mainly involved in generating fouling and obturating RO membranes. Insights into biofilm bacteria composition could help prevent biofouling, reduce the cost of using RO-fouling membranes and guarantee safe water. Culture-dependent and independent techniques were then performed in order to identify bacteria associated with RO membranes. Bacteria cultures described the presence of six pure colonies, four of which were identified through API testing. Based on 16s rRNA gene analysis, a predominant bacterium was identified and annotated as Sphingomonas sp. The 16s rRNA gene clone library, on the other hand, showed that the bacterium, Pseudomonas marincola, accounted for nearly 30% of the clone library, while the rest of bacteria were chimeras (62%) and non-representative species (3%). In conclusion, culture-dependent and independent approaches showed that two dominant bacteria were commonly observed in RO desalination membranes.
文摘Metagenomics and bacterial culture were used to determine the normal skin microbiome of the Western mosquitofish (Gambusia affinis). This is the first study of G. affinis, and the most in-depth study of any fish skin, utilizing a combination of 16S profile pyrosequencing and culture analysis. Over 1800 sequences obtained from three individuals reveal that over half of all sequences come from five invariant genera, Acinetobacter, Sphingomonas, Acidovorax, Enhydrobacter, and Aquabacterium. The microbiome is diverse but has low equitability, with a total of 81 genera detected. Challenge studies suggest that non-native bacteria cannot colonize the skin. This definition of the normal skin microbiome lays the foundation for future studies with this model system.
