Spiro-tiger康复训练对青少年运动性哮喘中长跑运动员肺功能与气道修复的影响

目的:探讨Spiro-tiger康复训练对青少年运动性哮喘中长跑运动员的肺功能和气道修复的影响。观察对照组和实验组进行的不同康复训练过程,结果发现:①Spiro-tiger康复训练在气道重塑、肺功能和血气指标方面表现出显著的优势。②观察组在9周的Spiro-tiger康复训练后,气道炎症介质水平显著下降,肺功能指标显著提高,血气指标也呈现有益的改善。③相较于传统康复训练,Spiro-tiger康复训练对于提高青少年运动性哮喘中长跑运动员的气道健康和肺功能更为有效。据此建议:教练将Spiro-tiger康复训练作为青少年运动性哮喘康复的首选方法,并制定个性化的康复计划以满足患者的不同需求。

基于Spiro-tiger训练仪的肺康复对COPD稳定期患者呼吸力学、气道重塑的影响

目的:探讨慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)稳定期患者采用基于Spiro-tiger训练仪的肺康复对呼吸力学、气道重塑的影响。方法:选取在上海瑞金医院南翔分院就诊的93例COPD稳定期患者,通过随机数表法分为对照组(46例)与观察组(47例)进行研究,对照组采用缩唇-腹式呼吸操干预,观察组在对照组基础上采用Spiro-tiger训练仪干预,两组均连续干预9周,对比两组干预前、干预9周后呼吸力学(呼吸频率、潮气量、每分通气量、呼吸道压力峰值)、气道重塑[基质金属蛋白酶-9(MMP-9)、血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)、转化生长因子(TGF-β1)]、肺功能[用力肺活量(FVC)、第1秒用力呼气容积(FEV1)、FEV1/FVC]、血气指标[动脉血氧分压(PaO_(2))、动脉血二氧化碳分压(PaCO_(2))]、6 min步行距离、健康状况[Borg分级及圣乔治呼吸问卷(SGRQ)评分],并随访6个月,统计COPD急性加重发生状况。结果:干预9周,相较于对照组,观察组的呼吸频率、呼吸道压力峰值低,潮气量高(P<0.05);两组每分通气量比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);相较于对照组,观察组的MMP-9、VEGF、TGF-β1、PaCO_(2)水平低,FVC、FEV1、FEV1/FVC、PaO_(2)水平高(P<0.05);相较于对照组,观察组的6 min步行距离长,Borg分级评分、SGRQ评分低于干预前,且观察组变化幅度大于对照组(P<0.05);随访6个月,观察组COPD急性加重发生率(4.26%)低于对照组(19.57%)(P<0.05)。结论:基于Spiro-tiger训练仪的肺康复可有效改善COPD稳定期患者呼吸力学、肺功能、血气指标及健康状况,减轻气道重塑,减少COPD急性加重。

Syntheses and Crystal Structures of Two Novel Spiro Compounds Containing 1,5-Dioxaspiro[5.5]undecane-2,4-dione

Two novel spiro compounds,3-benzylidene-1,5-dioxaspiro[5.5]undecane-2,4-dione 1 and 3-（2-fluorobenzylidene）-1,5-dioxaspiro[5.5]undecane-2,4-dione 2,have been synthesized and characterized by X-ray single-crystal diffraction,IR and elemental analysis.Compound 1 belongs to the monoclinic system,space group P21/n with a=12.326（3）,b=5.6420（11）,c=20.089（4）,β= 101.79（3）o,C16H16O4,Mr= 272.29,V=1367.7（5）3,Z=4,Dc=1.322g/cm3,F（000）=576,μ（MoKa）=0.095 mm-1,the final R=0.0420 and wR=0.1159.Compound 2 is of monoclinic system,space group P21/n with a=12.283（3）,b=5.6367（11）,c=20.055（4）,β=102.00（3）o,C16H15FO4,Mr=290.28,V=1358.2（5）3,Z=4,Dc=1.420 g/cm3,F（000）=608,μ（MoKa）=0.110 mm-1,the final R=0.0353 and wR=0.0860.

DNA Modification with Photochromic Spiro Compounds

The photochromic spiropyrans and spirooxazine having a succinimidyl ester or isothiocyanate pendant group can form covalent products with transaminated DNA. The absorption spectra and solid reflection spectra of modified DNA with these photochromic spiro compounds were investigated.

Ab Initio Study of the Mechanism of Forming a Spiro-Ge-heterocyclic Ring Compound Involving Si from Me_2Si=Ge: and Formaldehyde

X2Si=Ge： （X = H, Me, F, CI, Br, Ph, Ar...） is a new species. Its cycloaddition reaction is a new area for the study of germylene chemistry. The mechanism of cycloaddition reaction between singlet state Me2Si=Ge： and formaldehyde has been investigated with the CCSD（T）//MP2/cc-pvtz method. From the potential energy profile, it could be predicted that the reaction has one dominant reaction pathway. The reaction rule presented is that the two reactants first form a four-membered Si-heterocyclic ring germylene through the [2＋2] cycloaddition reaction. Because of the 4p unoccupied orbital of Ge： atom in the four-membered Si-heterocyclic ring germylene and the π orbital of formaldehyde form a π→p donor-acceptor bond, the four-membered Si-heterocyclic ring germylene further combines with formaldehyde to form an intermediate. Because the Ge atom in the intermediate undergoes sp^3 hybridization after transition state, then the intermediate isomerizes to a spiro-Ge-heterocyclic ring compound involving Si via a transition state. The research result indicates the laws of cycloaddition reaction between HzSi=Ge： and formaldehyde. It has important reference value for the cycloaddition reaction between X2Si=Ge： （X = H, Me, F, CI, Br, Ph, Ar…） and asymmetric to-bonded compounds, which is significant for the synthesis of small-ring and spiro-Ge-heterocyclic compounds involving Si. The study extends research area and enriches the research content of germylene chemistry.

Chiral Separation of Spiro-compounds and Determination Configuration

Chiral spirocyclic compounds have attracted the attention of scholars and scientists owing to their potential applications in the pharmaceutical industry as either active pharmaceutical ingredients, catalysts in synthesizing active enantiomers, or as surface modifiers on silica particles to resolve entantiomers. In this study, five spiro compounds of 3,9-diphenyl-2,4,8,10-tetraoxaspiro[5.5]-undecane（1）, 3,9-（4-methoxyphenyl）-2,4,8,10-tetraoxaspiro [5.5] -undecane（2）, 3,9-（4-methylphenyl）-2,4,8,10-tetraoxaspiro [5.5] -undecane（3）, 4,4＇-（2,4,8,10-tetraoxaspiro[5.5]undecane-3,9-diyl）dibenzoic acid（4） and 3,9-di（4-formyl-phenyl）-2,4,8,10-tetraoxa-spiro[5.5]-undecane（5） were synthesized by grinding pentaerythritol with benzaldehyde, 4-methoxybenzaldehyde, 4-methylbenzaldehyde, 4-carboxybenzaldehyde or terephthalaldehyde monoacetal in the presence of InI3r3 under solvent-free conditions. A normal phase HPLC method was successfully developed to resolve entantiomers of compounds 1--5 on a chiral column. Specific optical rotation of R or S entantiomers（1） was determined and the corresponding configurations were proposed based on Lowe＇s rule.

Synthesis and Crystal Structure of Spiro[1-bromo-4-methoxy-5-oxa-6-oxo-bicyclo[3.1.0]hexane-2,2′-(3′-cyclohexanoxy-4′-methoxybutyrolactone]

The crystal of the title compound 6 has been prepared and determined by X-ray diffraction analysis. It belongs to the orthorhombic system, space group P212121 with a = 10.195(2), b = 11.955(2), c = 14.335(3) ?, C16H21BrO7, Mr = 405.24, V = 1747.0(6) ?3, Z = 4, Dc = 1.541 g/cm3, μ = 2.387 mm-1, F(000) = 832, R = 0.0266 and wR = 0.0348 for 2110 observed reflections with I > 2σ(I). The crystal exhibits a characteristic spiral structure consisting of one cyclopropane and two butyrolactones with envelope configuration. The intermolecular hydrogen bond between C(16)– H(16)…O(1) and C(3)–H(3)…O(2) has been observed in the crystal lattice.

Ab Initio Study of the Mechanism of Forming a Spiro-Si-heterocyclic Ring Compound Involving Ge from Cl_2Ge=Si:and Formaldehyde

The X2Ge=Si： （X = H, Me, F, reaction is a new area for the study of silylene between singlet CI2Ge=Si： and formaldehyde CI, Br, Ph, At...） is a new species. Its cycloaddition chemistry. The mechanism of cycloaddition reaction has been investigated with CCSD（T）//MP2/6-31G＊ method. From the potential energy profile, it can be predicted that the reaction has two competitive dominant reaction pathways. The reaction rule presented is that the two reactants firstly form a four-membered Ge-heterocyclic ring silylene through the [2＋2] cycloaddition reaction. Owing to the 3p unoccupied orbital of Si： atom in the four-membered Ge-heterocyclic ring silylene and the π orbital of formaldehyde forming a π-p donor-acceptor bond, the four-membered Ge-heterocyclic ring silylene further combines with formaldehyde to form an intermediate. Because the Si： atom in intermediate shows sp3 hybridization after transition state, the intermediate isomerizes to a spiro-Si-heterocyclic ring compound involving Ge via a transition state. Simultaneously, the ring strain of the four-membered Ge-heterocyclic ring silylene makes it isomerize to a twisted four-membered ring product. The research result indicates the laws of cycloaddition reaction between X2Ge=Si： （X = H, Me, F, C1, Br, Ph, Ar...） and the asymmetric g-bonded compounds, which are significant for the synthesis of small-ring and spiro-Si-heterocyclic ring compound involving Ge The study extends the research area and enriches the research content of silvlene chemistrv.

Ab Initio Study of Mechanism of Forming a Si-heterocyclic Spiro-Sn-heterocyclic Ring Compound by Cycloaddition Reaction of Cl2Si=Sn: and Ethylene

X2Si=Sn:(X = H, Me, F, Cl, Br, Ph, Ar…) are new species of chemistry. The cycloaddition reaction of X2Si=Sn: is a new study field of stannylene chemistry. To explore the rules of cycloaddition reaction between X2Si=Sn: and the symmetric p-bonded compounds, the cycloaddition reactions of Cl2Si=Sn: and ethylene were selected as model reactions in this paper.The mechanism of cycloaddition reaction between singlet Cl2Si=Sn: and ethylene has been first investigated with the MP2/GENECP(C, H, Cl, Si in 6-311++G**;Sn in LanL2dz) method in this paper. From the potential energy profile, it could be predicted that the reaction has one dominant reaction channel. The reaction rule presented is that the 5p unoccupied orbital of Sn in Cl2Si=Sn: and the π orbital of ethylene forming a p→p donor-acceptor bond, resulting in the formation of an intermediate. Instability of the intermediate makes it isomerize to a four-membered Si-heterocyclic ring stannylene. Because the 5p unoccupied orbital of Sn atom in the four-membered Si-heterocyclic ring stannylene and the π orbital of ethylene form a p→p donor-acceptor bond, the four-membered Si-heterocyclic ring stannylene further combines with ethene to form another intermediate. Because the Sn atom in the intermediate shows sp3 hybridization after transition state, the intermediate isomerizes to a Si-heterocyclic spiro-Sn-heterocyclic ring compound. The research result indicates the laws of cycloaddition reaction between X2Si=Sn: and the symmetric π-bonded compounds. The study opens up a new research field for stannylene chemistry.

Synthesis and Crystal Structure of 3,9-Bis(pyridin-2-yl)-2,4,8,10-tetraoxaspiro[5.5]undecane

The title compound 3,9-bis（pyridin-2-yl）-2,4,8,10-tetraoxaspiro[5.5]undecane 4（C17H18N2O4） has been synthesized by the reaction of 2,2-bis（hydroxymethyl）propane-1,3-diol with pyridine-2-carbaldehyde in the presence of p-toluenesulfonic acid,and characterized by IR,1H-NMR and X-ray single-crystal diffraction.The crystal belongs to monoclinic system,space group C2/c with a = 25.133（2）,b = 5.7219（5）,c = 21.942（2）（A°） ,β = 99.145（2）°,V = 3115.3（5）（A°）^3,Z = 8,Dc = 1.340 g/cm^3,Mr = 314.33,F（000） = 1328,μ = 0.097 mm-1,MoKa radiation（λ = 0.71073）,R = 0.0352 and wR = 0.1022 for 2486 observed reflections with I 〉 2σ（I）.X-ray analysis reveals that the two 1,3-dioxane rings passing through the central spiro-C atom both adopt chair conformation.Intermolecular C-H…π,C-H…O and C-H…N weak interactions link the molecules to form a three-dimensional samdwich,which are effective in the stabilization of the crystal structure.

Synthesis of Spiro Dihydrofurans and 1,8-Dioxo-xanthenes via DABCO Catalyzed Tandem Reaction of Aldehyde with Cyclohexane-1,3-dione and Dimedone

The 1,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane（DABCO） catalyzed reaction of cyclohexane-1,3-dione or dimedone with various aldehydes in acetonitrile resulted in the polysubstituted tetraketones, spiro dihydrofurans or 1,8-dioxo-xanthenes derivatives as main products respectively according to the structure of reactants and reaction conditions.

Synthesis and Crystal Structure of Chiral Spiro{1-bromo-4-hydroxy-5-N-cyclohexyl-butyrolactam-6-oxo-dirings[3.1.0]hexane-2,3′-(4′-diphenylcarbinol-5′-menthyloxy-butyrolatone)}

A novel compound of chiral spiro{1-bromo-4-hydroxy-5-N-cyclohexyl-butyro-lactam-6-oxo-dirings[3.1.0]hexane-2,3＇-（4＇-diphenylcarbinol-5＇-menthyloxy-butyrolatone）} was synthesized via tandem nucleophilic substitution reaction under mild conditions, and its structure was determined by IR, ^1H NMR, elemental analysis and X-ray diffraction. The crystal structure of this compound is of monoclinic system, space group P21 with a = 9.7356（9）, b = 12.2760（12）, c = 14.9577（14） A, β = 101.0300（10）°, Mr = 680.66, Z = 2, V = 1754.6（3） A^3, Dc = 1.288 g/cm^3, p（MoKα） = 1.216 mm^-1, F（000） = 716, the final R = 0.0434 and wR = 0.0996.

利用Spiro Tiger呼吸机提高中长跑运动员损伤后康复期呼吸能力的研究

本研究的目的是保证中长跑运动员损伤后康复期内有氧代谢水平的稳定和提高，研究的方法采用SpiroTigerg训练来提高运动员呼吸肌群的协作能力，促进运动员的有氧代谢能力。研究表明：运动员康复期内采用SolroTigerg训练对提高运动员有氧代谢水平有积极的作用。

Synthesis and Crystal Structure of 3,3-Dimethyl-7,11-di(thiophene-2-yl)-2,4-dioxyspiro[5. 5]undecane-1,5,9-trione

The title compound （C19H18O5S2） has been synthesized by the reaction of thio- phene-2-carboxaldehyde, isopropylidene malonate and 4-chloroaniline using [bmim]Br as solvent, and characterized by IR, ^1H NMR and X-ray single-crystal diffraction. The crystal belongs to monoclinic, space group P21/n with a = 9.4872（15）, b = 9.5148（13）, c = 20.634（3）A, β= 92.209（2）°, V= 1861.2（4）A^3, Mr= 390.45, Z = 4, Dc = 1.393 g/cm^3,μ（MoKα） = 0.313 mm^-1, F（000） = 816, the final R = 0.0685 and wR = 0.1685. X-ray analysis reveals that two six-membered rings adopt chair and planar conformations, respectively.

O3 fast and simple treatment-enhanced p-doped in Spiro-MeOTAD for CH3NH3I vapor-assisted processed CH3NH3PbI3 perovskite solar cells

We demonstrate a simple and fast post-deposition treatment with high process compatibility on the hole transport material（HTM） Spiro-MeOTAD in vapor-assisted solution processed methylammonium lead triiodide（CH3NH3PbI3）-based solar cells. The prepared Co-doped p-type Spiro-MeOTAD films are treated by O3 at room temperature for 5 min,10 min, and 20 min, respectively, prior to the deposition of the metal electrodes. Compared with the traditional oxidation of Spiro-MeOTAD films overnight in dry air, our fast O3 treatment of HTM at room temperature only needs just 10 min,and a relative 40.3% increment in the power conversion efficiency is observed with respect to the result of without-treated perovskite solar cells. This improvement of efficiency is mainly attributed to the obvious increase of the fill factor and short-circuit current density, despite a slight decrease in the open-circuit voltage. Ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy（UPS） and Hall effect measurement method are employed in our study to determine the changes of properties after O3 treatment in HTM. It is found that after the HTM is exposed to O3, its p-type doping level is enhanced. The enhancement of conductivity and Hall mobility of the film, resulting from the improvement in p-doping level of HTM, leads to better performances of perovskite solar cells. Best power conversion efficiencies（PCEs） of 13.05% and 16.39% are achieved with most properly optimized HTM via CH3NH3I vapor-assisted method and traditional single-step method respectively.

Synthesis of Some New Spiro <i>β</i>-Lactams and Thiazolidinones Compounds Containing Sulfur Incorporating Quinon Compounds

A series of spiro, β-Lactams, and thiazolidinones incorporating compounds 4 have been synthesized by cycloaddition reaction of, chloroacetyl chloride and mercaptoacetic acid with the synthesized Shiff,s bases 5a-c to give new spiro β- Lactam 6a-c and spiro thiazolidinone 7a-c the cycloaddition were characterized by spectral data including HNMR, 13C-NMR, IR and elemental analysis.

CsPbIBr_(2)钙钛矿太阳能电池中通过氧气诱导Spiro-OMeTAD快速氧化

Spiro-OMeTAD是钙钛矿型太阳能电池中应用最广泛的空穴传输材料,它本身的空穴传输率很低,需要氧化之后才能满足高效率太阳能电池器件的要求。然而,Spiro-OMeTAD在空气中的氧化时间较长,同时空气中的水分会造成器件效率的下降以及器件质量不稳定等不良后果。基于此,我们通过一步法制备CsPbIBr_(2)无机钙钛矿太阳能电池,并将旋涂了Spiro-OMeTAD层的器件放在纯氧气中氧化,避免因水分导致的钙钛矿层分解。实验结果表明,氧气氧化后的器件最高效率为7.19%,高于空气中氧化的器件达到的最高效率6.29%,并且氧气氧化可以将Spiro-OMeTAD的氧化时间从18小时缩短到5小时。我们采用一系列电化学表征方法探讨了不同氧化条件下电池器件的性能差异.结果显示,纯氧气氧化Spiro-OMeTAD可以有效减低载流子复合,提高电荷传输。此外,我们采集了多个样本统计分析,发现采用氧气氧化的器件平均效率更高,器件质量更稳定,具有更好的可重复性。这种快速稳定的氧化方法为钙钛矿型太阳能电池的商业化开发提供了有效的思路。

A Facile Method to Synthesize Spiro-calix[4]arenes

The spiro-calix[4]arenes 3a-b can he synthesized conveniently by the reaction of p-tert-butylcalix[4]arene (1a) or calix[4]arene (1b) with pentaerythritol tetrakis(2-chloroacetate) (2).

Synthesis and Crystal Structure of Spiro[1-bromo-4-l-menthyloxy-5-oxo-6-oxa-bicyclo[3.1.0]hexane-2,2'-3'-(16''-methoxyacetatyl-4'-l-menthyloxybutyrolactone)]

The title compound, spiro[ 1-bromo-4-l-menthyloxy-5-oxo-6-oxa-bicyclo[3.1.0]- hexane-2,2＇-3＇-（16＇-methoxyacetatyl-4＇-l-menthyloxybutyrolactone）] 1, was obtained via tandem asymmetric double Michael addition/internal nucleophilic substitution of the chiral synthon, 5-l-menthyloxy-3-bromo-2-（5H）-furanone 2 with methoxy α-chloroacetate as a nucleophile under mild conditions, and structurally [letermined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Crystal data： C31H47BrO9, Mr = 643.60, orthorhombic, space group P212121. α = 9.6564（7）, b = 14.8994（11）, c = 23.6771（17） A, V= 3406.5（4） A^3, Z = 4, Dc= 1.255 g/cm^3, 2（MoKa） = 0.71073 A,μ= 1.254 mm^-1 and F（000） = 1360. The structure was refined to R =[0.0324 and wR = 0.0737 for 5123 observed reflections （I〉 2σ（I））. The crystallographic results of molecule 1 show that the interesting reaction of 2 with methoxy α-chloroacetate, in the usual manner, gave the spiro-cyclopropane skeleton with O-linked derivative containing multiple stereogenic centers 1 rather than the expected C-linked derivative.