In traditional finite-temperature Kohn–Sham density functional theory(KSDFT),the partial occupation of a large number of high-energy KS eigenstates restricts the use of first-principles molecular dynamics methods at ...In traditional finite-temperature Kohn–Sham density functional theory(KSDFT),the partial occupation of a large number of high-energy KS eigenstates restricts the use of first-principles molecular dynamics methods at extremely high temperatures.However,stochastic density functional theory(SDFT)can overcome this limitation.Recently,SDFT and the related mixed stochastic–deterministic density functional theory,based on a plane-wave basis set,have been implemented in the first-principles electronic structure software ABACUS[Q.Liu and M.Chen,Phys.Rev.B 106,125132(2022)].In this study,we combine SDFT with the Born–Oppenheimer molecular dynamics method to investigate systems with temperatures ranging from a few tens of eV to 1000 eV.Importantly,we train machine-learning-based interatomic models using the SDFT data and employ these deep potential models to simulate large-scale systems with long trajectories.Subsequently,we compute and analyze the structural properties,dynamic properties,and transport coefficients of warm dense matter.展开更多
目的应用生物信息学方法探讨鞘氨醇-1-磷酸转运体2(sphingosine-1-phosphate transporter 2,SPNS2)在乳腺癌中的表达情况,并分析SPNS2对乳腺癌预后、诊断或免疫浸润的影响。方法癌症基因组图谱(The Cancer Genome Atlas,TCGA)数据库检...目的应用生物信息学方法探讨鞘氨醇-1-磷酸转运体2(sphingosine-1-phosphate transporter 2,SPNS2)在乳腺癌中的表达情况,并分析SPNS2对乳腺癌预后、诊断或免疫浸润的影响。方法癌症基因组图谱(The Cancer Genome Atlas,TCGA)数据库检索乳腺癌组织和非乳腺癌样本中的SPNS2 mRNA差异表达数据,并分析SPNS2与乳腺癌之间的关系。用Cox单因素及多因素模型分析SPNS2 mRNA表达对乳腺癌预后的影响。使用Kaplan-Meier曲线评估SPNS2基因的表达与存活率之间的相关性,分析SPNS2对乳腺癌患者生存预后的影响。使用受试者工作特征曲线(receiver operating characteristic,ROC)分析SPNS2对乳腺癌的诊断效能。使用肿瘤免疫估算资源(Tumor Immune Estimation Resource,TIMER)数据库分析SPNS2表达与乳腺癌免疫微环境中不同类型免疫细胞的相关性。搜索相互作用基因检索的工具(Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes,STRING)数据库分析乳腺癌中SPNS2与相关蛋白质之间的相互作用。分析京都基因与基因组百科全书(Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes,KEGG)数据库中得到的差异基因富集的信号通路。提取正常乳腺上皮细胞和乳腺癌细胞系RNA,通过RT-qPCR实验比较SPNS2的表达水平。结果在TCGA乳腺癌数据库中,SPNS2在乳腺癌组织中表达水平显著低于癌旁组织(P<0.001),SPNS2 mRNA的表达与T、M分期、病理分期、PAM50分型、年龄和组织学类型等因素相关(P<0.05);Cox分析表明年龄>60岁、T4期、M1期等因素是乳腺癌发生预后不良的风险因素(P<0.01);Kaplan-Meier分析显示低表达SPNS2乳腺癌患者具有更长的疾病特异生存期(disease-specific survival,DSS)和无进展间隔期(progression-free interval,PFI)(P<0.05);ROC曲线提示SPNS2诊断具有较好的敏感性和特异性。TIMER数据库分析显示在Luminal型乳腺癌中,SPNS2与CD4+T细胞,巨噬细胞、中性粒细胞等免疫细胞呈正相关(P<0.05)。STRING和KEGG数据库分析表明SPNS2相关蛋白富集于细胞周期和PPAR信号传导等途径(P<0.05)。RT-qPCR实验结果显示与正常乳腺上皮细胞相比,SPNS2在乳腺癌细胞系中低表达(P<0.001)。结论SPNS2是一种潜在的诊断乳腺癌和评价预后的生物学标志物。展开更多
The Mean First-Passage Time (MFPT) and Stochastic Resonance (SR) of a stochastic tumor-immune model withnoise perturbation are discussed in this paper. Firstly, considering environmental perturbation, Gaussian whiteno...The Mean First-Passage Time (MFPT) and Stochastic Resonance (SR) of a stochastic tumor-immune model withnoise perturbation are discussed in this paper. Firstly, considering environmental perturbation, Gaussian whitenoise and Gaussian colored noise are introduced into a tumor growth model under immune surveillance. Asfollows, the long-time evolution of the tumor characterized by the Stationary Probability Density (SPD) and MFPTis obtained in theory on the basis of the Approximated Fokker-Planck Equation (AFPE). Herein the recurrenceof the tumor from the extinction state to the tumor-present state is more concerned in this paper. A moreefficient algorithmof Back-Propagation Neural Network (BPNN) is utilized in order to testify the correction of thetheoretical SPDandMFPT.With the existence of aweak signal, the functional relationship between Signal-to-NoiseRatio (SNR), noise intensities and correlation time is also studied. Numerical results show that both multiplicativeGaussian colored noise and additive Gaussian white noise can promote the extinction of the tumors, and themultiplicative Gaussian colored noise can lead to the resonance-like peak on MFPT curves, while the increasingintensity of the additiveGaussian white noise results in theminimum of MFPT. In addition, the correlation timesare negatively correlated with MFPT. As for the SNR, we find the intensities of both the Gaussian white noise andthe Gaussian colored noise, as well as their correlation intensity can induce SR. Especially, SNR is monotonouslyincreased in the case ofGaussian white noisewith the change of the correlation time.At last, the optimal parametersin BPNN structure are analyzed for MFPT from three aspects: the penalty factors, the number of neural networklayers and the number of nodes in each layer.展开更多
In this paper,the recursive filtering problem is considered for stochastic systems over filter-and-forward successive relay(FFSR)networks.An FFSR is located between the sensor and the remote filter to forward the meas...In this paper,the recursive filtering problem is considered for stochastic systems over filter-and-forward successive relay(FFSR)networks.An FFSR is located between the sensor and the remote filter to forward the measurement.In the successive relay,two cooperative relay nodes are adopted to forward the signals alternatively,thereby existing switching characteristics and inter-relay interferences(IRI).Since the filter-and-forward scheme is employed,the signal received by the relay is retransmitted after it passes through a linear filter.The objective of the paper is to concurrently design optimal recursive filters for FFSR and stochastic systems against switching characteristics and IRI of relays.First,a uniform measurement model is proposed by analyzing the transmission mechanism of FFSR.Then,novel filter structures with switching parameters are constructed for both FFSR and stochastic systems.With the help of the inductive method,filtering error covariances are presented in the form of coupled difference equations.Next,the desired filter gain matrices are further obtained by minimizing the trace of filtering error covariances.Moreover,the stability performance of the filtering algorithm is analyzed where the uniform bound is guaranteed on the filtering error covariance.Finally,the effectiveness of the proposed filtering method over FFSR is verified by a three-order resistance-inductance-capacitance circuit system.展开更多
Dear Editor,This letter investigates a partially-observed optimal control problem for backward stochastic differential delay equations(BSDDEs).By utilizing Girsanov’s theory and convex variational method,we obtain a ...Dear Editor,This letter investigates a partially-observed optimal control problem for backward stochastic differential delay equations(BSDDEs).By utilizing Girsanov’s theory and convex variational method,we obtain a maximum principle on the assumption that the state equation contains time delay and the control domain is convex.The adjoint processes can be represented as the solutions of certain time-advanced stochastic differential equations in finite-dimensional spaces.Linear backward stochastic differential equation(BSDE)was first introduced by Bismut in[1],while general BSDE was given by Pardoux and Peng[2].Since then,the theory of BSDEs developed rapidly.The corresponding optimal control problems,whose states are driven by BSDEs,have also been widely studied by some authors,see[3]-[5].展开更多
Dear Editor,This letter addresses the synchronization problem of a class of delayed stochastic complex dynamical networks consisting of multiple drive and response nodes.The aim is to achieve mean square exponential s...Dear Editor,This letter addresses the synchronization problem of a class of delayed stochastic complex dynamical networks consisting of multiple drive and response nodes.The aim is to achieve mean square exponential synchronization for the drive-response nodes despite the simultaneous presence of time delays and stochastic noises in node dynamics.展开更多
In this paper,we consider the high order method for solving the linear transport equations under diffusive scaling and with random inputs.To tackle the randomness in the problem,the stochastic Galerkin method of the g...In this paper,we consider the high order method for solving the linear transport equations under diffusive scaling and with random inputs.To tackle the randomness in the problem,the stochastic Galerkin method of the generalized polynomial chaos approach has been employed.Besides,the high order implicit-explicit scheme under the micro-macro decomposition framework and the discontinuous Galerkin method have been employed.We provide several numerical experiments to validate the accuracy and the stochastic asymptotic-preserving property.展开更多
Stochastic resonance(SR) is investigated in an underdamped tri-stable potential system driven by Gaussian colored noise and a periodic excitation, where both displacement and velocity time-delayed states feedback are ...Stochastic resonance(SR) is investigated in an underdamped tri-stable potential system driven by Gaussian colored noise and a periodic excitation, where both displacement and velocity time-delayed states feedback are considered. It is challenging to study SR in a second-order delayed multi-stable system analytically. In this paper, the improved energy envelope stochastic average method is developed to derive the analytical expressions of stationary probability density(SPD)and spectral amplification. The effects of noise intensity, damping coefficient, and time delay on SR are analyzed. The results show that the shapes of joint SPD can be adjusted to the desired structure by choosing the time delay and feedback gains. For fixed time delay, the SR peak is increased for negative displacement or velocity feedback gain. Meanwhile, the SR peak is decreased while the optimal noise intensity increases with increasing correlation time of noise. The Monte Carlo simulations(MCS) confirm the effectiveness of the theoretical results.展开更多
This paper investigates logical stochastic resonance(LSR)in a cross-bifurcation non-smooth system driven by Gaussian colored noise.In this system,a bifurcation parameter triggers a transition between monostability,bis...This paper investigates logical stochastic resonance(LSR)in a cross-bifurcation non-smooth system driven by Gaussian colored noise.In this system,a bifurcation parameter triggers a transition between monostability,bistability and tristability.By using Novikov's theorem and the unified colored noise approximation method,the approximate Fokker-Planck equation is obtained.Then we derive the generalized potential function and the transition rates to analyze the LSR phenomenon using numerical simulations.We simulate the logic operation of the system in the bistable and tristable regions respectively.We assess the impact of Gaussian colored noise on the LSR and discover that the reliability of the logic response depends on the noise strength and the bifurcation parameter.Furthermore,it is found that the bistable region has a more extensive parameter range to produce reliable logic operation compared with the tristable region,since the tristable region is more sensitive to noise than the bistable one.展开更多
We present a large deviation theory that characterizes the exponential estimate for rare events in stochastic dynamical systems in the limit of weak noise.We aim to consider a next-to-leading-order approximation for m...We present a large deviation theory that characterizes the exponential estimate for rare events in stochastic dynamical systems in the limit of weak noise.We aim to consider a next-to-leading-order approximation for more accurate calculation of the mean exit time by computing large deviation prefactors with the aid of machine learning.More specifically,we design a neural network framework to compute quasipotential,most probable paths and prefactors based on the orthogonal decomposition of a vector field.We corroborate the higher effectiveness and accuracy of our algorithm with two toy models.Numerical experiments demonstrate its powerful functionality in exploring the internal mechanism of rare events triggered by weak random fluctuations.展开更多
A patient co-infected with COVID-19 and viral hepatitis B can be atmore risk of severe complications than the one infected with a single infection.This study develops a comprehensive stochastic model to assess the epi...A patient co-infected with COVID-19 and viral hepatitis B can be atmore risk of severe complications than the one infected with a single infection.This study develops a comprehensive stochastic model to assess the epidemiological impact of vaccine booster doses on the co-dynamics of viral hepatitis B and COVID-19.The model is fitted to real COVID-19 data from Pakistan.The proposed model incorporates logistic growth and saturated incidence functions.Rigorous analyses using the tools of stochastic calculus,are performed to study appropriate conditions for the existence of unique global solutions,stationary distribution in the sense of ergodicity and disease extinction.The stochastic threshold estimated from the data fitting is given by:R_(0)^(S)=3.0651.Numerical assessments are implemented to illustrate the impact of double-dose vaccination and saturated incidence functions on the dynamics of both diseases.The effects of stochastic white noise intensities are also highlighted.展开更多
This paper considers a linear-quadratic(LQ) meanfield game governed by a forward-backward stochastic system with partial observation and common noise,where a coupling structure enters state equations,cost functionals ...This paper considers a linear-quadratic(LQ) meanfield game governed by a forward-backward stochastic system with partial observation and common noise,where a coupling structure enters state equations,cost functionals and observation equations.Firstly,to reduce the complexity of solving the meanfield game,a limiting control problem is introduced.By virtue of the decomposition approach,an admissible control set is proposed.Applying a filter technique and dimensional-expansion technique,a decentralized control strategy and a consistency condition system are derived,and the related solvability is also addressed.Secondly,we discuss an approximate Nash equilibrium property of the decentralized control strategy.Finally,we work out a financial problem with some numerical simulations.展开更多
We are investigating the distributed optimization problem,where a network of nodes works together to minimize a global objective that is a finite sum of their stored local functions.Since nodes exchange optimization p...We are investigating the distributed optimization problem,where a network of nodes works together to minimize a global objective that is a finite sum of their stored local functions.Since nodes exchange optimization parameters through the wireless network,large-scale training models can create communication bottlenecks,resulting in slower training times.To address this issue,CHOCO-SGD was proposed,which allows compressing information with arbitrary precision without reducing the convergence rate for strongly convex objective functions.Nevertheless,most convex functions are not strongly convex(such as logistic regression or Lasso),which raises the question of whether this algorithm can be applied to non-strongly convex functions.In this paper,we provide the first theoretical analysis of the convergence rate of CHOCO-SGD on non-strongly convex objectives.We derive a sufficient condition,which limits the fidelity of compression,to guarantee convergence.Moreover,our analysis demonstrates that within the fidelity threshold,this algorithm can significantly reduce transmission burden while maintaining the same convergence rate order as its no-compression equivalent.Numerical experiments further validate the theoretical findings by demonstrating that CHOCO-SGD improves communication efficiency and keeps the same convergence rate order simultaneously.And experiments also show that the algorithm fails to converge with low compression fidelity and in time-varying topologies.Overall,our study offers valuable insights into the potential applicability of CHOCO-SGD for non-strongly convex objectives.Additionally,we provide practical guidelines for researchers seeking to utilize this algorithm in real-world scenarios.展开更多
Brain tumors come in various types,each with distinct characteristics and treatment approaches,making manual detection a time-consuming and potentially ambiguous process.Brain tumor detection is a valuable tool for ga...Brain tumors come in various types,each with distinct characteristics and treatment approaches,making manual detection a time-consuming and potentially ambiguous process.Brain tumor detection is a valuable tool for gaining a deeper understanding of tumors and improving treatment outcomes.Machine learning models have become key players in automating brain tumor detection.Gradient descent methods are the mainstream algorithms for solving machine learning models.In this paper,we propose a novel distributed proximal stochastic gradient descent approach to solve the L_(1)-Smooth Support Vector Machine(SVM)classifier for brain tumor detection.Firstly,the smooth hinge loss is introduced to be used as the loss function of SVM.It avoids the issue of nondifferentiability at the zero point encountered by the traditional hinge loss function during gradient descent optimization.Secondly,the L_(1) regularization method is employed to sparsify features and enhance the robustness of the model.Finally,adaptive proximal stochastic gradient descent(PGD)with momentum,and distributed adaptive PGDwithmomentum(DPGD)are proposed and applied to the L_(1)-Smooth SVM.Distributed computing is crucial in large-scale data analysis,with its value manifested in extending algorithms to distributed clusters,thus enabling more efficient processing ofmassive amounts of data.The DPGD algorithm leverages Spark,enabling full utilization of the computer’s multi-core resources.Due to its sparsity induced by L_(1) regularization on parameters,it exhibits significantly accelerated convergence speed.From the perspective of loss reduction,DPGD converges faster than PGD.The experimental results show that adaptive PGD withmomentumand its variants have achieved cutting-edge accuracy and efficiency in brain tumor detection.Frompre-trained models,both the PGD andDPGD outperform other models,boasting an accuracy of 95.21%.展开更多
We developed a modified stochastic finite-fault method for estimating strong ground motions.An adjustment to the dynamic corner frequency was introduced,which accounted for the effect of the location of the subfault r...We developed a modified stochastic finite-fault method for estimating strong ground motions.An adjustment to the dynamic corner frequency was introduced,which accounted for the effect of the location of the subfault relative to the hypocenter and rupture propagation direction,to account for the influence of the rupture propagation direction on the subfault dynamic corner frequency.By comparing the peak ground acceleration(PGA),pseudo-absolute response spectra acceleration(PSA,damping ratio of 5%),and duration,the results of the modified and existing methods were compared,demonstrating that our proposed adjustment to the dynamic corner frequency can accurately reflect the rupture directivity effect.We applied our modified method to simulate near-field strong motions within 150 km of the 2008 MW7.9 Wenchuan earthquake rupture.Our modified method performed well over a broad period range,particularly at 0.04-4 s.The total deviations of the stochastic finite-fault method(EXSIM)and the modified EXSIM were 0.1676 and 0.1494,respectively.The modified method can effectively account for the influence of the rupture propagation direction and provide more realistic ground motion estimations for earthquake disaster mitigation.展开更多
UAV-aided cellular networks,millimeter wave(mm-wave)communications and multi-antenna techniques are viewed as promising components of the solution for beyond-5G(B5G)and even 6G communications.By leveraging the power o...UAV-aided cellular networks,millimeter wave(mm-wave)communications and multi-antenna techniques are viewed as promising components of the solution for beyond-5G(B5G)and even 6G communications.By leveraging the power of stochastic geometry,this paper aims at providing an effective framework for modeling and analyzing a UAV-aided heterogeneous cellular network,where the terrestrial base stations(TBSs)and the UAV base stations(UBSs)coexist,and the UBSs are provided with mm-wave and multi-antenna techniques.By modeling the TBSs as a PPP and the UBSs as a Matern hard-core point pro-´cess of type II(MPH-II),approximated but accurate analytical results for the average rate of the typical user of both tiers are derived through an approximation method based on the mean interference-to-signal ratio(MISR)gain.The influence of some relevant parameters is discussed in detail,and some insights into the network deployment and optimization are revealed.Numerical results show that some trade-offs are worthy of being considered,such as the antenna array size,the altitude of the UAVs and the power control factor of the UBSs.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos.12122401 and 12074007.
文摘In traditional finite-temperature Kohn–Sham density functional theory(KSDFT),the partial occupation of a large number of high-energy KS eigenstates restricts the use of first-principles molecular dynamics methods at extremely high temperatures.However,stochastic density functional theory(SDFT)can overcome this limitation.Recently,SDFT and the related mixed stochastic–deterministic density functional theory,based on a plane-wave basis set,have been implemented in the first-principles electronic structure software ABACUS[Q.Liu and M.Chen,Phys.Rev.B 106,125132(2022)].In this study,we combine SDFT with the Born–Oppenheimer molecular dynamics method to investigate systems with temperatures ranging from a few tens of eV to 1000 eV.Importantly,we train machine-learning-based interatomic models using the SDFT data and employ these deep potential models to simulate large-scale systems with long trajectories.Subsequently,we compute and analyze the structural properties,dynamic properties,and transport coefficients of warm dense matter.
文摘目的应用生物信息学方法探讨鞘氨醇-1-磷酸转运体2(sphingosine-1-phosphate transporter 2,SPNS2)在乳腺癌中的表达情况,并分析SPNS2对乳腺癌预后、诊断或免疫浸润的影响。方法癌症基因组图谱(The Cancer Genome Atlas,TCGA)数据库检索乳腺癌组织和非乳腺癌样本中的SPNS2 mRNA差异表达数据,并分析SPNS2与乳腺癌之间的关系。用Cox单因素及多因素模型分析SPNS2 mRNA表达对乳腺癌预后的影响。使用Kaplan-Meier曲线评估SPNS2基因的表达与存活率之间的相关性,分析SPNS2对乳腺癌患者生存预后的影响。使用受试者工作特征曲线(receiver operating characteristic,ROC)分析SPNS2对乳腺癌的诊断效能。使用肿瘤免疫估算资源(Tumor Immune Estimation Resource,TIMER)数据库分析SPNS2表达与乳腺癌免疫微环境中不同类型免疫细胞的相关性。搜索相互作用基因检索的工具(Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes,STRING)数据库分析乳腺癌中SPNS2与相关蛋白质之间的相互作用。分析京都基因与基因组百科全书(Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes,KEGG)数据库中得到的差异基因富集的信号通路。提取正常乳腺上皮细胞和乳腺癌细胞系RNA,通过RT-qPCR实验比较SPNS2的表达水平。结果在TCGA乳腺癌数据库中,SPNS2在乳腺癌组织中表达水平显著低于癌旁组织(P<0.001),SPNS2 mRNA的表达与T、M分期、病理分期、PAM50分型、年龄和组织学类型等因素相关(P<0.05);Cox分析表明年龄>60岁、T4期、M1期等因素是乳腺癌发生预后不良的风险因素(P<0.01);Kaplan-Meier分析显示低表达SPNS2乳腺癌患者具有更长的疾病特异生存期(disease-specific survival,DSS)和无进展间隔期(progression-free interval,PFI)(P<0.05);ROC曲线提示SPNS2诊断具有较好的敏感性和特异性。TIMER数据库分析显示在Luminal型乳腺癌中,SPNS2与CD4+T细胞,巨噬细胞、中性粒细胞等免疫细胞呈正相关(P<0.05)。STRING和KEGG数据库分析表明SPNS2相关蛋白富集于细胞周期和PPAR信号传导等途径(P<0.05)。RT-qPCR实验结果显示与正常乳腺上皮细胞相比,SPNS2在乳腺癌细胞系中低表达(P<0.001)。结论SPNS2是一种潜在的诊断乳腺癌和评价预后的生物学标志物。
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.12272283,12172266).
文摘The Mean First-Passage Time (MFPT) and Stochastic Resonance (SR) of a stochastic tumor-immune model withnoise perturbation are discussed in this paper. Firstly, considering environmental perturbation, Gaussian whitenoise and Gaussian colored noise are introduced into a tumor growth model under immune surveillance. Asfollows, the long-time evolution of the tumor characterized by the Stationary Probability Density (SPD) and MFPTis obtained in theory on the basis of the Approximated Fokker-Planck Equation (AFPE). Herein the recurrenceof the tumor from the extinction state to the tumor-present state is more concerned in this paper. A moreefficient algorithmof Back-Propagation Neural Network (BPNN) is utilized in order to testify the correction of thetheoretical SPDandMFPT.With the existence of aweak signal, the functional relationship between Signal-to-NoiseRatio (SNR), noise intensities and correlation time is also studied. Numerical results show that both multiplicativeGaussian colored noise and additive Gaussian white noise can promote the extinction of the tumors, and themultiplicative Gaussian colored noise can lead to the resonance-like peak on MFPT curves, while the increasingintensity of the additiveGaussian white noise results in theminimum of MFPT. In addition, the correlation timesare negatively correlated with MFPT. As for the SNR, we find the intensities of both the Gaussian white noise andthe Gaussian colored noise, as well as their correlation intensity can induce SR. Especially, SNR is monotonouslyincreased in the case ofGaussian white noisewith the change of the correlation time.At last, the optimal parametersin BPNN structure are analyzed for MFPT from three aspects: the penalty factors, the number of neural networklayers and the number of nodes in each layer.
基金supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(62103004,62273088,62273005,62003121)Anhui Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(2108085QA13)+4 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province(LY24F030006)the Science and Technology Plan of Wuhu City(2022jc24)Anhui Polytechnic University Youth Top-Notch Talent Support Program(2018BJRC009)Anhui Polytechnic University High-End Equipment Intelligent Control Innovation Team(2021CXTD005)Anhui Future Technology Research Institute Foundation(2023qyhz08,2023qyhz09)。
文摘In this paper,the recursive filtering problem is considered for stochastic systems over filter-and-forward successive relay(FFSR)networks.An FFSR is located between the sensor and the remote filter to forward the measurement.In the successive relay,two cooperative relay nodes are adopted to forward the signals alternatively,thereby existing switching characteristics and inter-relay interferences(IRI).Since the filter-and-forward scheme is employed,the signal received by the relay is retransmitted after it passes through a linear filter.The objective of the paper is to concurrently design optimal recursive filters for FFSR and stochastic systems against switching characteristics and IRI of relays.First,a uniform measurement model is proposed by analyzing the transmission mechanism of FFSR.Then,novel filter structures with switching parameters are constructed for both FFSR and stochastic systems.With the help of the inductive method,filtering error covariances are presented in the form of coupled difference equations.Next,the desired filter gain matrices are further obtained by minimizing the trace of filtering error covariances.Moreover,the stability performance of the filtering algorithm is analyzed where the uniform bound is guaranteed on the filtering error covariance.Finally,the effectiveness of the proposed filtering method over FFSR is verified by a three-order resistance-inductance-capacitance circuit system.
文摘Dear Editor,This letter investigates a partially-observed optimal control problem for backward stochastic differential delay equations(BSDDEs).By utilizing Girsanov’s theory and convex variational method,we obtain a maximum principle on the assumption that the state equation contains time delay and the control domain is convex.The adjoint processes can be represented as the solutions of certain time-advanced stochastic differential equations in finite-dimensional spaces.Linear backward stochastic differential equation(BSDE)was first introduced by Bismut in[1],while general BSDE was given by Pardoux and Peng[2].Since then,the theory of BSDEs developed rapidly.The corresponding optimal control problems,whose states are driven by BSDEs,have also been widely studied by some authors,see[3]-[5].
基金supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(11771001)the Key Natural Science Research Project of Universities of Anhui Province,China(2022AH050108)。
文摘Dear Editor,This letter addresses the synchronization problem of a class of delayed stochastic complex dynamical networks consisting of multiple drive and response nodes.The aim is to achieve mean square exponential synchronization for the drive-response nodes despite the simultaneous presence of time delays and stochastic noises in node dynamics.
基金supported by the Simons Foundation:Collaboration Grantssupported by the AFOSR grant FA9550-18-1-0383.
文摘In this paper,we consider the high order method for solving the linear transport equations under diffusive scaling and with random inputs.To tackle the randomness in the problem,the stochastic Galerkin method of the generalized polynomial chaos approach has been employed.Besides,the high order implicit-explicit scheme under the micro-macro decomposition framework and the discontinuous Galerkin method have been employed.We provide several numerical experiments to validate the accuracy and the stochastic asymptotic-preserving property.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No.12072025)the Beijing Natural Science Foundation (Grant No.1222015)。
文摘Stochastic resonance(SR) is investigated in an underdamped tri-stable potential system driven by Gaussian colored noise and a periodic excitation, where both displacement and velocity time-delayed states feedback are considered. It is challenging to study SR in a second-order delayed multi-stable system analytically. In this paper, the improved energy envelope stochastic average method is developed to derive the analytical expressions of stationary probability density(SPD)and spectral amplification. The effects of noise intensity, damping coefficient, and time delay on SR are analyzed. The results show that the shapes of joint SPD can be adjusted to the desired structure by choosing the time delay and feedback gains. For fixed time delay, the SR peak is increased for negative displacement or velocity feedback gain. Meanwhile, the SR peak is decreased while the optimal noise intensity increases with increasing correlation time of noise. The Monte Carlo simulations(MCS) confirm the effectiveness of the theoretical results.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.12072262)the Shaanxi Computer Society&Xiangteng Company Foundation.
文摘This paper investigates logical stochastic resonance(LSR)in a cross-bifurcation non-smooth system driven by Gaussian colored noise.In this system,a bifurcation parameter triggers a transition between monostability,bistability and tristability.By using Novikov's theorem and the unified colored noise approximation method,the approximate Fokker-Planck equation is obtained.Then we derive the generalized potential function and the transition rates to analyze the LSR phenomenon using numerical simulations.We simulate the logic operation of the system in the bistable and tristable regions respectively.We assess the impact of Gaussian colored noise on the LSR and discover that the reliability of the logic response depends on the noise strength and the bifurcation parameter.Furthermore,it is found that the bistable region has a more extensive parameter range to produce reliable logic operation compared with the tristable region,since the tristable region is more sensitive to noise than the bistable one.
基金Project supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province (Grant No.BK20220917)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos.12001213 and 12302035)。
文摘We present a large deviation theory that characterizes the exponential estimate for rare events in stochastic dynamical systems in the limit of weak noise.We aim to consider a next-to-leading-order approximation for more accurate calculation of the mean exit time by computing large deviation prefactors with the aid of machine learning.More specifically,we design a neural network framework to compute quasipotential,most probable paths and prefactors based on the orthogonal decomposition of a vector field.We corroborate the higher effectiveness and accuracy of our algorithm with two toy models.Numerical experiments demonstrate its powerful functionality in exploring the internal mechanism of rare events triggered by weak random fluctuations.
文摘A patient co-infected with COVID-19 and viral hepatitis B can be atmore risk of severe complications than the one infected with a single infection.This study develops a comprehensive stochastic model to assess the epidemiological impact of vaccine booster doses on the co-dynamics of viral hepatitis B and COVID-19.The model is fitted to real COVID-19 data from Pakistan.The proposed model incorporates logistic growth and saturated incidence functions.Rigorous analyses using the tools of stochastic calculus,are performed to study appropriate conditions for the existence of unique global solutions,stationary distribution in the sense of ergodicity and disease extinction.The stochastic threshold estimated from the data fitting is given by:R_(0)^(S)=3.0651.Numerical assessments are implemented to illustrate the impact of double-dose vaccination and saturated incidence functions on the dynamics of both diseases.The effects of stochastic white noise intensities are also highlighted.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFA1006103,2023YFA1009203)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(61925306,61821004,11831010,61977043,12001320)+2 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province(ZR2019ZD42,ZR2020ZD24)the Taishan Scholars Young Program of Shandong(TSQN202211032)the Young Scholars Program of Shandong University。
文摘This paper considers a linear-quadratic(LQ) meanfield game governed by a forward-backward stochastic system with partial observation and common noise,where a coupling structure enters state equations,cost functionals and observation equations.Firstly,to reduce the complexity of solving the meanfield game,a limiting control problem is introduced.By virtue of the decomposition approach,an admissible control set is proposed.Applying a filter technique and dimensional-expansion technique,a decentralized control strategy and a consistency condition system are derived,and the related solvability is also addressed.Secondly,we discuss an approximate Nash equilibrium property of the decentralized control strategy.Finally,we work out a financial problem with some numerical simulations.
基金supported in part by the Shanghai Natural Science Foundation under the Grant 22ZR1407000.
文摘We are investigating the distributed optimization problem,where a network of nodes works together to minimize a global objective that is a finite sum of their stored local functions.Since nodes exchange optimization parameters through the wireless network,large-scale training models can create communication bottlenecks,resulting in slower training times.To address this issue,CHOCO-SGD was proposed,which allows compressing information with arbitrary precision without reducing the convergence rate for strongly convex objective functions.Nevertheless,most convex functions are not strongly convex(such as logistic regression or Lasso),which raises the question of whether this algorithm can be applied to non-strongly convex functions.In this paper,we provide the first theoretical analysis of the convergence rate of CHOCO-SGD on non-strongly convex objectives.We derive a sufficient condition,which limits the fidelity of compression,to guarantee convergence.Moreover,our analysis demonstrates that within the fidelity threshold,this algorithm can significantly reduce transmission burden while maintaining the same convergence rate order as its no-compression equivalent.Numerical experiments further validate the theoretical findings by demonstrating that CHOCO-SGD improves communication efficiency and keeps the same convergence rate order simultaneously.And experiments also show that the algorithm fails to converge with low compression fidelity and in time-varying topologies.Overall,our study offers valuable insights into the potential applicability of CHOCO-SGD for non-strongly convex objectives.Additionally,we provide practical guidelines for researchers seeking to utilize this algorithm in real-world scenarios.
基金the Natural Science Foundation of Ningxia Province(No.2021AAC03230).
文摘Brain tumors come in various types,each with distinct characteristics and treatment approaches,making manual detection a time-consuming and potentially ambiguous process.Brain tumor detection is a valuable tool for gaining a deeper understanding of tumors and improving treatment outcomes.Machine learning models have become key players in automating brain tumor detection.Gradient descent methods are the mainstream algorithms for solving machine learning models.In this paper,we propose a novel distributed proximal stochastic gradient descent approach to solve the L_(1)-Smooth Support Vector Machine(SVM)classifier for brain tumor detection.Firstly,the smooth hinge loss is introduced to be used as the loss function of SVM.It avoids the issue of nondifferentiability at the zero point encountered by the traditional hinge loss function during gradient descent optimization.Secondly,the L_(1) regularization method is employed to sparsify features and enhance the robustness of the model.Finally,adaptive proximal stochastic gradient descent(PGD)with momentum,and distributed adaptive PGDwithmomentum(DPGD)are proposed and applied to the L_(1)-Smooth SVM.Distributed computing is crucial in large-scale data analysis,with its value manifested in extending algorithms to distributed clusters,thus enabling more efficient processing ofmassive amounts of data.The DPGD algorithm leverages Spark,enabling full utilization of the computer’s multi-core resources.Due to its sparsity induced by L_(1) regularization on parameters,it exhibits significantly accelerated convergence speed.From the perspective of loss reduction,DPGD converges faster than PGD.The experimental results show that adaptive PGD withmomentumand its variants have achieved cutting-edge accuracy and efficiency in brain tumor detection.Frompre-trained models,both the PGD andDPGD outperform other models,boasting an accuracy of 95.21%.
文摘We developed a modified stochastic finite-fault method for estimating strong ground motions.An adjustment to the dynamic corner frequency was introduced,which accounted for the effect of the location of the subfault relative to the hypocenter and rupture propagation direction,to account for the influence of the rupture propagation direction on the subfault dynamic corner frequency.By comparing the peak ground acceleration(PGA),pseudo-absolute response spectra acceleration(PSA,damping ratio of 5%),and duration,the results of the modified and existing methods were compared,demonstrating that our proposed adjustment to the dynamic corner frequency can accurately reflect the rupture directivity effect.We applied our modified method to simulate near-field strong motions within 150 km of the 2008 MW7.9 Wenchuan earthquake rupture.Our modified method performed well over a broad period range,particularly at 0.04-4 s.The total deviations of the stochastic finite-fault method(EXSIM)and the modified EXSIM were 0.1676 and 0.1494,respectively.The modified method can effectively account for the influence of the rupture propagation direction and provide more realistic ground motion estimations for earthquake disaster mitigation.
文摘UAV-aided cellular networks,millimeter wave(mm-wave)communications and multi-antenna techniques are viewed as promising components of the solution for beyond-5G(B5G)and even 6G communications.By leveraging the power of stochastic geometry,this paper aims at providing an effective framework for modeling and analyzing a UAV-aided heterogeneous cellular network,where the terrestrial base stations(TBSs)and the UAV base stations(UBSs)coexist,and the UBSs are provided with mm-wave and multi-antenna techniques.By modeling the TBSs as a PPP and the UBSs as a Matern hard-core point pro-´cess of type II(MPH-II),approximated but accurate analytical results for the average rate of the typical user of both tiers are derived through an approximation method based on the mean interference-to-signal ratio(MISR)gain.The influence of some relevant parameters is discussed in detail,and some insights into the network deployment and optimization are revealed.Numerical results show that some trade-offs are worthy of being considered,such as the antenna array size,the altitude of the UAVs and the power control factor of the UBSs.