Perceptual Quality Assessment for Point Clouds:A Survey

A point cloud is considered a promising 3D representation that has achieved wide applications in several fields.However,quality degradation inevitably occurs during its acquisition and generation,communication and transmission,and rendering and display.Therefore,how to accurately perceive the visual quality of point clouds is a meaningful topic.In this survey,we first introduce the point cloud to emphasize the importance of point cloud quality assessment(PCQA).A review of subjective PCQA is followed,including common point cloud distortions,subjective experimental setups and subjective databases.Then we review and compare objective PCQA methods in terms of modelbased and projection-based.Finally,we provide evaluation criteria for objective PCQA methods and compare the performances of various methods across multiple databases.This survey provides an overview of classical methods and recent advances in PCQA.

Perceptual Quality Assessment of Omnidirectional Images:Subjective Experiment and Objective Model Evaluation

Virtual reality(VR) environment can provide immersive experience to viewers.Under the VR environment, providing a good quality of experience is extremely important.Therefore, in this paper, we present an image quality assessment(IQA) study on omnidirectional images. We first build an omnidirectional IQA(OIQA) database, including 16 source images with their corresponding 320 distorted images. We add four commonly encountered distortions. These distortions are JPEG compression, JPEG2000 compression, Gaussian blur, and Gaussian noise. Then we conduct a subjective quality evaluation study in the VR environment based on the OIQA database. Considering that visual attention is more important in VR environment, head and eye movement data are also tracked and collected during the quality rating experiments. The 16 raw and their corresponding distorted images,subjective quality assessment scores, and the head-orientation data and eye-gaze data together constitute the OIQA database. Based on the OIQA database, we test some state-of-the-art full-reference IQA(FR-IQA) measures on equirectangular format or cubic formatomnidirectional images. The results show that applying FR-IQA metrics on cubic format omnidirectional images could improve their performance. The performance of some FR-IQA metrics combining the saliency weight of three different types are also tested based on our database. Some new phenomena different from traditional IQA are observed.

Quality Assessment of Training Data with Uncertain Labels for Classification of Subjective Domains

In order to improve the performance of classifiers in subjective domains, this paper defines a metric to measure the quality of the subjectively labelled training data (QoSTD) by means of K-means clustering. Then, the QoSTD is used as a weight of the predicted class scores to adjust the likelihoods of instances. Moreover, two measurements are defined to assess the performance of the classifiers trained by the subjective labelled data. The binary classifiers of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) Zhengs are trained and retrained by the real-world data set, utilizing the support vector machine (SVM) and the discrimination analysis (DA) models, so as to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method. The experimental results show that the consistency of likelihoods of instances with the corresponding observations is increased notable for the classes, especially in the cases with the relatively low QoSTD training data set. The experimental results also indicate the solution how to eliminate the miss-labelled instances from the training data set to re-train the classifiers in the subjective domains.

A NEW IMAGE QUALITY ASSESSMENT BASED ON HVS

This letter proposes a new kind of image quality philosophy—Modulate Quality based on Fixation Points (MQFP) based on Human Visual System (HVS) model. Dissimilar to the former HVS-based quality assessment, the new measure emphasizes particularly on modeling the jumping phenomenon of human sight instead of modeling the visual perception of human. In other words, to model the HVS using fixation points and stay-frequency instead of Contrast Sensitive Function (CSF) etc. which models the visual perception of HVS. The experiment on various frequency-distortion images indicates that the new measure is correlated with the subjective judgment more than the former HVS-based measure and is a robust measure.

Return to Sports after Lower Extremity Injuries:Assessment of Movement Quality

Numerous high performance athletes experience further damage or recurrent injuries even after successful rehabilitation. This is often caused by an insufficient movement quality, which has been very rarely assessed by test protocols which determine the point of reintegration into high performance sports (Return-to-Play, RTP). In order to assess the movement quality both objective and subjective test protocols exist. Objective methods like 3D-movement analysis are viewed as international gold standard, but are not the most practicable solutions for daily training routine. This study aims at reviewing the available literature on reliability and validity of existing subjective test protocols. Further their use within high-performance sports is evaluated. Up to now subjective methods fail to match sufficient validity. However some practical approaches for assessment of movement quality after injury are known. Based on selected criteria first recommendations for the use of different subjective screening test methods are given. In summary further research focusing on the validity of subjective tests is needed. The subjective testing methods should be used in combination with additional tests (e.g. strength testing) in order to identify other risk factors. Recurrent pre-injury screenings on movement quality should be carried out to enhance injury prevention.

典型场景彩色夜视融合图像质量主观评价实验

评价特定场景下红外和可见光(微光)彩色融合图像质量的研究对彩色夜视融合技术和嵌入式系统开发具有重要作用。由于主观评价实验能够得到与人眼感受一致的评价结果因而成为研究的热点。因此,该文针对海天、森林、城镇、乡村和特殊条件五个典型应用场景,提出基于动态参考的多刺激比较主观评价法,开展了大规模典型场景彩色融合图像主观评价实验,建立了包含1648幅彩色融合图像的质量主观评价数据库;此外,提出基于评价实验特性的模糊综合评判方法用于分析不同融合算法的场景适用性。实验数据一致性分析中,该主观评价法具有较高的皮尔逊相关系数,表明本文构建的数据集具有良好的有效性与可靠性。该文结果可为进一步开展夜视融合图像质量评价研究提供实验基础和理论依据。

基于自评-主观全面评定量表的个体化护理干预对2型糖尿病肾病患者营养状态的影响

目的探究基于自评-主观全面评定量表的个体化护理干预在2型糖尿病肾病患者中的应用价值。方法随机选取2019年5月—2022年12月淄博市中医医院接诊的80例2型糖尿病肾病患者为研究对象,根据不同护理干预方法分为对照组(n=40)、研究组(n=40)。对照组实施常规护理干预,研究组实施基于自评-主观全面评定量表的个体化护理干预。比较两组患者护理干预前及护理干预3个月后的饮食习惯量表(Eat-ing Habits Questionnaire,EHQ)评分、微型营养评价量表(Mini Nutritional Assessment,MNA)评分、生活质量评分及饮食行为依从性。结果干预后,研究组EHQ评分为(7.09±1.34)分,高于对照组的(6.31±1.21)分,差异有统计学意义(t=2.732,P<0.05)。研究组饮食行为依从性、MNA评分、生活质量评分均高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P均<0.05)。结论2型糖尿病肾病患者实施基于自评-主观全面评定量表的个体化护理干预,可培养健康饮食习惯,提高饮食行为依从性,并改善营养状况,提高患者生活质量。

基于患者自评-主观全面评定量表的个性化营养干预在胃癌术后化疗患者中的应用效果

目的探讨基于患者自评-主观全面评定量表(PG-SGA)的个性化营养干预在胃癌术后化疗患者中的应用效果。方法根据干预方式的不同将132例胃癌术后化疗患者分为对照组(n=65)和观察组(n=67),对照组患者采取常规干预,观察组患者在对照组的基础上采取基于PG-SGA的个性化营养干预。比较两组患者的胃肠功能恢复指标、营养指标[血红蛋白(Hb)、白蛋白(ALB)、总蛋白(TP)]、免疫功能指标[免疫球蛋白(Ig)A、IgM、IgG、CD3^(+)、CD4^(+)、CD8^(+)]、生活质量[欧洲癌症研究与治疗组织生命质量测定量表(EORTC QLQ-C30)]以及不良反应发生情况。结果观察组患者腹胀改善时间、首次排气时间及肠鸣音恢复时间均明显短于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P﹤0.01)。干预后,两组患者Hb、ALB、TP水平均高于本组干预前,观察组患者Hb、ALB、TP水平均高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P﹤0.05)。干预后,两组患者IgA、IgG、IgM、CD3^(+)、CD4^(+)水平均高于本组干预前,CD8^(+)水平均低于本组干预前,观察组患者IgA、IgG、IgM、CD3^(+)、CD4^(+)水平均高于对照组,CD8^(+)水平低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P﹤0.05)。干预后,两组患者EORTC QLQ-C30各维度评分均高于本组干预前,观察组患者EORTC QLQ-C30各维度评分均高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P﹤0.05)。观察组患者的不良反应总发生率低于对照组(P﹤0.05)。结论基于PG-SGA的个性化营养干预应用于胃癌术后化疗患者,能够改善患者的营养状态及免疫功能,促进患者胃肠功能恢复,提高患者生活质量,降低不良反应发生率。

高中英语学科核心素养评价——以思维品质为例

以教—学—评一体化实施为背景,围绕思维品质构建的评价体系应尊重学生主体地位、体现语言与思维的紧密联系、发挥评价的正向反拨作用,进而体现英语学科育人价值。本文以思维品质为例,尝试构建核心素养评价方案:首先,教师应突出评价任务真实性;其次,应构建多元主体的评价体系,引导学生在自评中提升评价能力;最后,终结性评价也应考查学生思维水平,为教学提供正向反拨效应。

Malnutrition negatively impacts the quality of life of patients with cirrhosis: An observational study

AIMTo verify how malnutrition is related to health-related quality of life (HRQL) impairment in patients with cirrhosis. METHODSData was retrospectively abstracted from medical records and obtained by direct interview. We included patients with cirrhosis from any etiology, evaluated at the Liver Clinic from Gastroenterology Department in a tertiary healthcare center, from June 2014 to June 2016. Child-Pugh score, data about complications, and demographic, clinical and anthropometric characteristics of patients were obtained. Nutritional status was evaluated by the Subjective Global Assessment (SGA). HRQL was evaluated through the Chronic Liver Disease Questionnaire. Patients were requested to assess their global HRQL with the following code: 0 = impairment of HRQL, when it was compared with other healthy subjects; 1 = good HRQL, if it was similar to the quality of life of other healthy subjects. To compare the primary outcome between malnourished and well-nourished groups, the χ2 test, Fisher’s exact test or Student’s t-test were used, based on the variable type. Associations between predictor variables and deterioration of HRQL were determined by calculating the hazard ratio and 95% confidence interval using Cox proportional hazards regression. RESULTSA total of 127 patients with cirrhosis were included, and the mean age was 54.1 ± 12.3 years-old. According to Child-Pugh scoring, 25 (19.7%) were classified as A (compensated), 76 (59.8%) as B, and 26 (20.5%) as C (B/C = decompensated). According to SGA, 58 (45.7%) patients were classified as well-nourished. Sixty-nine patients identified HRQL as good, and 76 patients (59.8%) perceived impairment of their HRQL. Multivariate analysis to determine associations between predictor variables and self-perception of an impairment of HRQL found strong association with malnutrition (P P CONCLUSIONMalnutrition is a key factor related to impairment of HRQL in patients with cirrhosis.

Malnutrition and Quality of Life in Chinese Cancer Patients: a Clinical Study of 23,994 Subjects

Background Malnutrition is common in patients with cancer,and can negatively impact their quality of life(QoL)and even survival.However,there is currently no large data available on the prevalence of malnutrition in Chinese cancer patients.This study evaluated the prevalence of malnutrition and the QoL of Chinese patients with locoregional,recurrent or metastatic cancer.Methods We conducted a nationwide observational,multi-center,hospital-based cross-sectional study within the Chinese Society of Nutritional Oncology(CSNO)Network.All of the patients were diagnosed with one of the following 18 different types of malignant tumors:lung cancer,gastric cancer,liver cancer,colorectal cancer,breast cancer,esophageal cancer,cervical cancer,endometrial cancer,nasopharyngeal carcinoma,malignant lymphoma,leukemia,pancreatic cancer,ovarian cancer,prostate cancer,bladder cancer,brain cancer,biliary tract malignant tumors or gastrointestinal stromal tumors.These patients were enrolled from 72 hospitals located in different regions of China.The patients’nutritional status was evaluated based on the body mass index(BMI),loss of bodyweight,laboratory measurements and patient generated-subjective global assessment(PG-SGA)scores.The cancer patients’physical status and QoL were assessed by the Karnofsky Performance Status(KPS)questionnaire and the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer(EORTC)QLQ-C30 questionnaire,respectively.Results From December 2013 to April 2016,23,994 patients hospitalized for cancer treatment(such as surgery,chemotherapy or radiotherapy)were enrolled in the study.The patients included 12,494(52.9%)males and 11,124(47.1%)females.The mean age was 55.8±13.7 years.The proportions of patients in cancer stagesⅠ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ,Ⅳand uncertain were 11.5%,20.3%,27.5%,30.2%and 10.5%,respectively.Among the 23,994 inpatients,the proportions of patients who were underweight(BMI<18.5 kg/m2),normal(18.5 kg/m2<BMI<24 kg/m2),overweight(24 kg/m2≤BMI<28 kg/m2)and obese(BMI≥28 kg/m2)were 9.3%,59.9%,26.1%and 4.7%,respectively.A total of 18.3%(4,101/22,424)of patients had lost 5%or more of their bodyweight within the past month and 19.6%(2,463/12,538)of patients had lost 10%or more of their bodyweight within the past 6 months.According to the PG-SGA scores,26.6%of the patients were severely malnourished(score≥9),31.3%were moderately malnourished(scores 4~8).A total of 22.2%of patients had a serum albumin level lower than 35g/L.Only 8.6%(2056/23,991)of the patients had severe KPS scores(≤60).The patients with these severe KPS scores were most frequently among those with cancers of the brain(19.7%),prostate(18.0%),pancreas(15.5%)and bladder(15.0%).Based on the QLQ-C30 score,11.6%of patients had a poor QoL.The PG-SGA score and global QoL were correlated(r=-0.593,P<0.001).Conclusion The prevalence of malnutrition in patients with cancer is relatively high,and is related to a poorer QoL.The present findings should be kept in mind when assessing cancer patients,because addressing the patient’s problems in nutritional status would be expected to improve both the clinical outcomes and QoL in cancer patients with malnutrition.

我国义务教育阶段英语教育质量监测的现状与展望

开展基础教育质量监测是各国提升教育质量的重要举措,我国从2007年起开展义务教育质量监测。本文在介绍我国义务教育质量监测的政策背景、价值取向和发展历程的基础上,阐述了我国义务教育阶段四、八年级英语教育质量监测的监测标准研制、工具开发流程等,并对2011年英语教育质量监测的试点监测和2022年第一轮正式全国监测进行简要介绍。最后,笔者试图提出义务教育阶段四、八年级英语教育质量监测的发展方向。

基于数据起源提升高校数据质量的方法研究

如何让数据使用者参与到数据治理的环节中,从而切实提高数据质量,是当前高校数据治理面临的关键问题之一。数据起源不仅能追溯治理过程,还能实现数据的质量评价。因此,基于数据起源,从两方面探索提升高校数据质量的方法:一是设计了一种多元治理主体共同参与的数据治理构架,将治理主体对数据质量的治理过程通过数据起源予以记录、查询、展示,使得所有治理主体,特别是数据使用者都能明晰数据治理的过程,从而参与到提升数据质量的过程中,进而提高数据质量的治理效率;二是提出了一种综合性的数据质量评估方法,将用户的定性反馈评价转化为可定量评估的质量值,然后结合已有的基于规则的定量评估方法,实现数据质量的综合评价,进而辅助治理主体实施具体的治理行为,最后通过原型系统进行了具体的应用实现和效用评估,证明了方法的有效性和可行性。

基于PG-SGA量表的全程个体化营养支持对晚期胃癌化疗患者的应用效果分析

目的探讨基于患者参与的主观全面评定工具(patient-generated subjective global assessment tool,PG-SGA)的全程个体化营养支持对晚期胃癌化疗患者的应用效果。方法选取2021—2022年江南大学附属医院收治的92例晚期胃癌化疗患者为研究对象,随机数字表法分为观察组(n=46)和对照组(n=46)。观察组为基于PG-SGA量表的全程个体化营养干预,对照组为常规营养干预。比较两组患者营养干预前及干预后3个月的营养状况、免疫功能及生活质量。结果观察组患者营养干预后PG-SGA评分、营养风险筛查2002(nutrition risk screening 2002,NRS 2002)评分均明显低于营养干预前水平,上臂肌围(arm muscle circumference,AMC)、肱三头肌皮肤褶皱厚度(triceps skinfold thickness,TSF)、血白蛋白(Alb)与转铁蛋白(TRF)、免疫球蛋白(immunoglobulin,Ig)M、IgG、IgA、CD3^(+)T淋巴细胞、CD4^(+)T淋巴细胞水平均明显高于营养干预前水平(均P<0.05);对照组患者上述指标营养干预前后均相近(均P>0.05)。观察组与对照组患者营养干预后EORTC QLQ-C30量表的功能领域评分均明显高于营养干预前水平(均P<0.05)、症状领域评分均明显低于营养干预前水平(均P<0.05)。观察组患者营养干预后PG-SGA评分、NRS 2002评分、EORTC QLQ-C30量表的症状领域评分均明显低于同期对照组水平(均P<0.05),而AMC、TSF、血Alb、TRF、IgM、IgG、IgA、CD3^(+)T淋巴细胞、CD4^(+)T淋巴细胞水平明显高于同期对照组水平(均P<0.05)。结论基于PG-SGA的全程个体化营养支持能有效改善晚期胃癌化疗患者的营养状况与免疫功能,提高生活质量。

基于SEM的彩色融合图像质量主观评价方法

作为客观评价的研究基础,人眼主观评价是比较不同融合算法图像优劣的最直接有效的方法。通过开展主观评价实验,基于单因变量模型分析清晰度、颜色协调性等影响因素对彩色融合图像质量的影响程度,进而预测视觉任务下的融合图像总体质量,是目前流行的彩色融合图像质量主观评价研究方法。针对基于单因变量模型的研究方法易割裂“探测”与“感知”在探测识别过程中的联系的问题,本文以村庄环境下的探测识别视觉任务为例,选取“感知”和“探测”2个指标共同作为彩色融合图像质量的表现指标,组织15人对由8个场景、8种典型融合算法生成的42幅彩色融合图像的质量进行了主观评价。采用双因变量的结构方程模型(Structural Equation Model,SEM)分析了筛选后的评价结果,建立了彩色融合图像质量的预测模型并验证了模型的正确性。结果表明,当同时表现“感知”和“探测”2种性能时,村庄环境、探测识别视觉任务下,彩色融合图像的质量可由“目标背景差异”、“场景清晰度”和“颜色协调性”3个因素预测,且“感知”和“探测”2种性能是均衡的。

术中神经监测对分化型甲状腺癌术后语音预后的影响

目的:探讨术中神经监测(intraoperative neuromonitoring,IONM)对分化型甲状腺癌(differentiated thyroid carcinoma,DTC)患者主观语音结局的影响。方法:回顾性分析从2018年9月—2019年3月在中山大学第一附属医院接受甲状腺手术的DTC患者,分为IONM组和非IONM组,采用倾向评分匹配法(propensity score matching,PSM),比较两组患者的临床基线特征和术后主观语音结果。结果:在预防性中央区淋巴结清扫亚组中,两组患者术后1个月、6个月的声音障碍指数⁃10(voice handi⁃cap index⁃10,VHI⁃10)总分及甲状腺癌特异性生活质量(thyroid cancer specific quality of life,THYCA⁃QoL)问卷的声音领域均无统计学差异(P>0.05)。在靠近或侵犯后包膜亚组中,IONM组术后1个月、6个月的THYCA⁃QoL问卷中的声音领域评分中位数(四分位数)均为0.00(0.00,0.00),低于非IONM组的0.00(0.00,33.33),差异有统计学意义(P=0.034)。均值均为5.73,明显低于非IONM组的15.66(P=0.029)。VHI⁃10问卷两组差异无统计学意义。结论:IONM对DTC患者及预防性中央区淋巴结清扫术亚组患者的主观发声障碍没有显著影响,但可明显改善靠近后包膜高危组患者术后主观声音异常。

基于自评-主观全面量表的个体化营养干预对妇科肿瘤术后化疗患者营养状态及免疫功能的影响

目的 探讨基于自评-主观全面量表(PG-SGA)的个体化营养干预对妇科肿瘤术后化疗患者营养状态及免疫功能的影响。方法 将84例妇科肿瘤术后化疗患者按照干预方法的不同分为对照组(n=40)和观察组(n=44)。对照组予以常规营养干预,观察组予以基于PG-SGA的个体化营养干预。比较两组患者干预前后的营养指标[血清白蛋白(ALB)、血红蛋白(Hb)、前白蛋白(PA)、转铁蛋白(TFN)]、免疫功能指标(CD3^(+)、CD4^(+)、CD8^(+)、CD4^(+)/CD8^(+))、化疗耐受性[美国东部肿瘤协作组(ECOG)体力状况评分]以及生活质量[生活质量综合评定问卷-74(GQOLI-74)]。结果 干预后,两组患者ALB、Hb、PA、TFN水平均升高,且观察组患者ALB、Hb、PA、TFN水平均高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P﹤0.05)。干预后,两组患者CD3^(+)、CD4^(+)水平及CD4^(+)/CD8^(+)均升高,CD8^(+)水平均降低,且观察组患者CD3^(+)、CD4^(+)水平及CD4^(+)/CD8^(+)均高于对照组,CD8^(+)水平低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P﹤0.05)。干预14、30天,两组患者ECOG体力状况评分均降低,且观察组患者ECOG评分均低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P﹤0.05)。干预后,两组患者物质生活、躯体健康、心理健康、社会功能评分均升高,且观察组患者物质生活、躯体健康、心理健康、社会功能评分均高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P﹤0.05)。结论 基于PG-SGA的个体化营养干预能有效改善妇科肿瘤术后化疗患者的营养状态及免疫功能,提高患者的化疗耐受性和生活质量。

基于PG-SGA营养干预的多层面综合护理在泌尿系结石患者围手术期中的应用

目的 探讨基于主观整体营养评估(PG-SGA)营养干预的多层面综合护理在泌尿系结石患者围手术期中的应用效果。方法 选取2021年1月—2022年1月南阳医学高等专科学校第一附属医院收治的70例泌尿系结石患者,采用随机数字表法分为研究组与对照组,每组35例。对照组患者围手术期采用常规综合护理干预,研究组患者围手术期采用基于PG-SGA营养干预的多层面综合护理干预。比较2组患者的术后恢复情况,干预前后心理状态、生活质量及术后并发症发生情况。结果 研究组患者首次下床活动时间、伤口拆线时间及住院时间均短于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。研究组患者并发症总发生率为17.14%,低于对照组的77.14%,差异有统计学意义(χ2=25.283,P<0.05)。2组患者干预后36项健康调查量表(SF-36)评分均高于干预前,且研究组高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。2组患者干预后汉密尔顿焦虑量表(HAMA)及汉密尔顿抑郁量表(HAMD)评分均低于干预前,且研究组低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 在泌尿系结石患者围手术期采用基于PG-SGA营养干预的多层面综合护理干预,有助于缓解患者负性情绪,改善生活质量,促进患者康复,具有较好的临床应用价值。

基于人眼视觉特性的图像视觉质量评价方法

为了更好地评价图像质量,在研究人眼视觉模型和人眼视觉特性的基础上,提出一种自顶向下的无参考图像客观质量评价方法。对待评价图像进行分块,并在每个色彩通道中对子块进行计算,输出平均视觉特性值,使评价模型既符合客观质量评价的优点,又兼顾人眼视觉感受,符合人眼主、客观一致性。选取美国TEXAS大学LIVE的图像数据库中图像的主观评价值对方法进行了实验证明,实验结果表明所提方法与主观评价取得了较好的一致性。

视频质量的主客观评估方法研究

介绍了目前存在的各种视频质量的主、客观评估方法,并分析了其各自的优缺点和应用环境,最后展望了视频质量评估的研究热点。