目的:在中国大学生群体中进行翻译并修订社会性奖赏问卷(Social Reward Questionnaire,SRQ),据此考察中国大学生的社会性奖赏水平。方法:采用方便取样法和滚雪球抽样法调查8275名大学生,以此来检验SRQ的问卷结构,并以大五人格简式版(Chi...目的:在中国大学生群体中进行翻译并修订社会性奖赏问卷(Social Reward Questionnaire,SRQ),据此考察中国大学生的社会性奖赏水平。方法:采用方便取样法和滚雪球抽样法调查8275名大学生,以此来检验SRQ的问卷结构,并以大五人格简式版(Chinese Big Five Personality Inventory brief version,CBF-PI-B)的开放性、外向性、神经质维度以及奖励与惩罚敏感性问卷(The Sensitivity to Punishment and Sensitivity to Reward Questionnaire,SPSRQ)作为效标进行效度检验。结果:经分析后,中文版SRQ保留了原问卷的钦佩性、负性社交效价、被动性、社交性、性关系的五因素结构,共21条目,每个维度3~7个条目,累积方差解释率65.66%,各个因子的因子载荷为0.62~0.86。CFA结果为RMSEA=0.047,CFI=0.94,TLI=0.93,SRMR=0.047。SRQ总分及分维度的内部一致性信度为0.70~0.88、分半信度为0.71~0.89、重测信度(ICC)为0.75~0.94,问卷在不同性别学生之间具有完全的测量等值性(ΔCFI<0.01,ΔRMSEA<0.01)。结论:修订后的SRQ中文版具有较好的信度和效度,是测量中国大学生群体社会性奖赏的合适工具。展开更多
Background: There is an increased interest in developing better and more accurate methods to recognize and manage mental health problems in primary care settings. Abbreviated screening instruments for mental distress ...Background: There is an increased interest in developing better and more accurate methods to recognize and manage mental health problems in primary care settings. Abbreviated screening instruments for mental distress are useful tools for research and clinical practice. The present study seeks to investigate whether only a few questionnaire items from the Self-Reporting- Questionnaire-10 (SRQ-10) can be a robust method in the screening for Mental Distress in Primary Health care. Methods: We compared the screening accuracy of a short, five-item (SRQ-5) version of the SRQ-10 with that of the SRQ-20, General Health Questionnaire 12 (GHQ-12) using the DSM-IV axis as a gold standard and analyzed its performance in different diagnostic entities. We also assessed the correlation, sensitivity and specificity between the 4 instruments. All the instruments were administered to 400 primary health care attendees. Results: The estimated prevalence of mental distress was 13.6% in the study sample (Depression 11%, anxiety disorders 1.8%). The SRQ-5 was highly correlated to SRQ-10 (0.923, p < 0.001), SRQ-20 (0.764, p < 0.001) and only moderately correlated to GHQ-12 (0.417, p < 0.001). The SRQ-5 had high properties for identifying mental distress. The AUC for overall mental distress was 0.925 while that for depression and anxiety were 0.915 and 0.849 respectively. Conclusion: This validation showed that in moving from SRQ with 10 or 20 items to one with merely 5 items, we do not seem to lose the screening prowess of the instrument. The SRQ-5 represents a simplified and less time-consuming screening instrument with strong performance characteristics. We therefore recommend it for inclusion into existing patient assessment protocols, thus enhancing case finding at primary health care level.展开更多
Background: Young adults in Sudan face numerous challenges that make it difficult for them to maintain their mental health. Due to the academic workload and performance expectations, medical students suffer from a hig...Background: Young adults in Sudan face numerous challenges that make it difficult for them to maintain their mental health. Due to the academic workload and performance expectations, medical students suffer from a high prevalence of mental distress. Objectives: to estimate the prevalence of mental distress among medical students and determine the associated factors. Methods: a cross-sectional survey was conducted among medical students in Khartoum, Sudan, using an electronic questionnaire. Mental distress was screened in the period from June 19 to July 30, 2022, using the self-reporting questionnaire (SRQ-20). Descriptive statistics in the form of frequencies and percentages were used to display data. Odds ratios (ORs) with a 95% confidence interval were estimated using univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis to determine associations between mental distress and related factors. Results: A total of 432 valid responses were received with a mean age of 20.37. The Overall prevalence of mental distress (SRQ-20 > 8) in medical students was 241 (55.8%). The prevalence was significantly associated with gender (P-Value > 0.001), type of university (P-Value = 0.001), academic level of education (P-Value = 0.026), and family history of mental illness (P-value = 0.001). Conclusion: More than half of the medical students who were screened for mental distress had mental distress. Higher odds are associated with being a female student, attending a private university, studying at a higher academic level, and having a family history of mental illness. This study recommends a review of the academic processes and implementing institutional preventive strategies that target at-risk groups.展开更多
文摘目的:在中国大学生群体中进行翻译并修订社会性奖赏问卷(Social Reward Questionnaire,SRQ),据此考察中国大学生的社会性奖赏水平。方法:采用方便取样法和滚雪球抽样法调查8275名大学生,以此来检验SRQ的问卷结构,并以大五人格简式版(Chinese Big Five Personality Inventory brief version,CBF-PI-B)的开放性、外向性、神经质维度以及奖励与惩罚敏感性问卷(The Sensitivity to Punishment and Sensitivity to Reward Questionnaire,SPSRQ)作为效标进行效度检验。结果:经分析后,中文版SRQ保留了原问卷的钦佩性、负性社交效价、被动性、社交性、性关系的五因素结构,共21条目,每个维度3~7个条目,累积方差解释率65.66%,各个因子的因子载荷为0.62~0.86。CFA结果为RMSEA=0.047,CFI=0.94,TLI=0.93,SRMR=0.047。SRQ总分及分维度的内部一致性信度为0.70~0.88、分半信度为0.71~0.89、重测信度(ICC)为0.75~0.94,问卷在不同性别学生之间具有完全的测量等值性(ΔCFI<0.01,ΔRMSEA<0.01)。结论:修订后的SRQ中文版具有较好的信度和效度,是测量中国大学生群体社会性奖赏的合适工具。
文摘Background: There is an increased interest in developing better and more accurate methods to recognize and manage mental health problems in primary care settings. Abbreviated screening instruments for mental distress are useful tools for research and clinical practice. The present study seeks to investigate whether only a few questionnaire items from the Self-Reporting- Questionnaire-10 (SRQ-10) can be a robust method in the screening for Mental Distress in Primary Health care. Methods: We compared the screening accuracy of a short, five-item (SRQ-5) version of the SRQ-10 with that of the SRQ-20, General Health Questionnaire 12 (GHQ-12) using the DSM-IV axis as a gold standard and analyzed its performance in different diagnostic entities. We also assessed the correlation, sensitivity and specificity between the 4 instruments. All the instruments were administered to 400 primary health care attendees. Results: The estimated prevalence of mental distress was 13.6% in the study sample (Depression 11%, anxiety disorders 1.8%). The SRQ-5 was highly correlated to SRQ-10 (0.923, p < 0.001), SRQ-20 (0.764, p < 0.001) and only moderately correlated to GHQ-12 (0.417, p < 0.001). The SRQ-5 had high properties for identifying mental distress. The AUC for overall mental distress was 0.925 while that for depression and anxiety were 0.915 and 0.849 respectively. Conclusion: This validation showed that in moving from SRQ with 10 or 20 items to one with merely 5 items, we do not seem to lose the screening prowess of the instrument. The SRQ-5 represents a simplified and less time-consuming screening instrument with strong performance characteristics. We therefore recommend it for inclusion into existing patient assessment protocols, thus enhancing case finding at primary health care level.
文摘Background: Young adults in Sudan face numerous challenges that make it difficult for them to maintain their mental health. Due to the academic workload and performance expectations, medical students suffer from a high prevalence of mental distress. Objectives: to estimate the prevalence of mental distress among medical students and determine the associated factors. Methods: a cross-sectional survey was conducted among medical students in Khartoum, Sudan, using an electronic questionnaire. Mental distress was screened in the period from June 19 to July 30, 2022, using the self-reporting questionnaire (SRQ-20). Descriptive statistics in the form of frequencies and percentages were used to display data. Odds ratios (ORs) with a 95% confidence interval were estimated using univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis to determine associations between mental distress and related factors. Results: A total of 432 valid responses were received with a mean age of 20.37. The Overall prevalence of mental distress (SRQ-20 > 8) in medical students was 241 (55.8%). The prevalence was significantly associated with gender (P-Value > 0.001), type of university (P-Value = 0.001), academic level of education (P-Value = 0.026), and family history of mental illness (P-value = 0.001). Conclusion: More than half of the medical students who were screened for mental distress had mental distress. Higher odds are associated with being a female student, attending a private university, studying at a higher academic level, and having a family history of mental illness. This study recommends a review of the academic processes and implementing institutional preventive strategies that target at-risk groups.