Hydrothermal condition is mismatched in arid and semi-arid regions,particularly in Central Asia(including Kazakhstan,Kyrgyzstan,Tajikistan,Uzbekistan,and Turkmenistan),resulting many environmental limitations.In this ...Hydrothermal condition is mismatched in arid and semi-arid regions,particularly in Central Asia(including Kazakhstan,Kyrgyzstan,Tajikistan,Uzbekistan,and Turkmenistan),resulting many environmental limitations.In this study,we projected hydrothermal condition in Central Asia based on bias-corrected multi-model ensembles(MMEs)from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6(CMIP6)under four Shared Socioeconomic Pathway and Representative Concentration Pathway(SSP-RCP)scenarios(SSP126(SSP1-RCP2.6),SSP245(SSP2-RCP4.5),SSP460(SSP4-RCP6.0),and SSP585(SSP5-RCP8.5))during 2015-2100.The bias correction and spatial disaggregation,water-thermal product index,and sensitivity analysis were used in this study.The results showed that the hydrothermal condition is mismatched in the central and southern deserts,whereas the region of Pamir Mountains and Tianshan Mountains as well as the northern plains of Kazakhstan showed a matched hydrothermal condition.Compared with the historical period,the matched degree of hydrothermal condition improves during 2046-2075,but degenerates during 2015-2044 and 2076-2100.The change of hydrothermal condition is sensitive to precipitation in the northern regions and the maximum temperatures in the southern regions.The result suggests that the optimal scenario in Central Asia is SSP126 scenario,while SSP585 scenario brings further hydrothermal contradictions.This study provides scientific information for the development and sustainable utilization of hydrothermal resources in arid and semi-arid regions under climate change.展开更多
Increased human activities in China's coastal zone have resulted in the depletion of ecological land resources.Thus,conducting current and future multi-scenario simulation research on land use and land cover chang...Increased human activities in China's coastal zone have resulted in the depletion of ecological land resources.Thus,conducting current and future multi-scenario simulation research on land use and land cover change(LUCC)is crucial for guiding the healthy and sustainable development of coastal zones.System dynamic(SD)-future land use simulation(FLUS)model,a coupled simulation model,was developed to analyze land use dynamics in China's coastal zone.This model encompasses five scenarios,namely,SSP1-RCP2.6(A),SSP2-RCP4.5(B),SSP3-RCP4.5(C),SSP4-RCP4.5(D),and SSP5-RCP8.5(E).The SD model simulates land use demand on an annual basis up to the year 2100.Subsequently,the FLUS model determines the spatial distribution of land use for the near term(2035),medium term(2050),and long term(2100).Results reveal a slowing trend in land use changes in China's coastal zone from 2000–2020.Among these changes,the expansion rate of construction land was the highest and exhibited an annual decrease.By 2100,land use predictions exhibit high accuracy,and notable differences are observed in trends across scenarios.In summary,the expansion of production,living,and ecological spaces toward the sea remains prominent.Scenario A emphasizes reduced land resource dependence,benefiting ecological land protection.Scenario B witnesses an intensified expansion of artificial wetlands.Scenario C sees substantial land needs for living and production,while Scenario D shows coastal forest and grassland shrinkage.Lastly,in Scenario E,the conflict between humans and land intensifies.This study presents pertinent recommendations for the future development,utilization,and management of coastal areas in China.The research contributes valuable scientific support for informed,long-term strategic decision making within coastal regions.展开更多
Land use projections are crucial for climate models to forecast the impacts of land use changes on the Earth’s system.However,the spatial resolution of existing global land use projections(e.g.,0.25°×0.25&#...Land use projections are crucial for climate models to forecast the impacts of land use changes on the Earth’s system.However,the spatial resolution of existing global land use projections(e.g.,0.25°×0.25°in the Land-Use Harmonization(LUH2)datasets)is still too coarse to drive regional climate models and assess mitigation effectiveness at regional and local scales.To generate a high-resolution land use product with the newest integrated scenarios of the shared socioeconomic pathways and the representative concentration pathways(SSPs-RCPs)for various regional climate studies in China,here we first conduct land use simulations with a newly developed Future Land Uses Simulation(FLUS)model based on the trajectories of land use demands extracted from the LUH2 datasets.On this basis,a new set of land use projections under the plant functional type(PFT)classification,with a temporal resolution of 5 years and a spatial resolution of 5 km,in eight SSP-RCP scenarios from 2015 to 2100 in China is produced.The results show that differences in land use dynamics under different SSP-RCP scenarios are jointly affected by global assumptions and national policies.Furthermore,with improved spatial resolution,the data produced in this study can sufficiently describe the details of land use distribution and better capture the spatial heterogeneity of different land use types at the regional scale.We highlight that these new land use projections at the PFT level have a strong potential for reducing uncertainty in the simulation of regional climate models with finer spatial resolutions.展开更多
How to simulate land-cover change,driven by climate change and human activity,is not only a hot issue in the field of land-cover research but also in the field of sustainable urbanization.A surface-modeling method of ...How to simulate land-cover change,driven by climate change and human activity,is not only a hot issue in the field of land-cover research but also in the field of sustainable urbanization.A surface-modeling method of land cover scenario(SSMLC)driven by the coupling of natural and human factors was developed to overcome limitations in existing land-cover models.Based on the climatic scenario data of CMIP6 SSP1-2.6,SSP2-4.5,and SSP5-8.5 released by IPCC in 2020,which combines shared socioeconomic paths(SSPs)with typical concentration paths(RCPs),observation climatic data concerning meteorological stations,the population,GDP,transportation data,land-cover data from 2020,and related policy refences,are used to simulate scenarios of land-cover change in the Jing-Jin-Ji region using SSP1-2.6,SSP2-4.5,and SSP5-8.5 for the years 2040,2070 and 2100,respectively.The simulation results show that the total accuracy of SSMLC in the Jing-Jin-Ji region attains 93.52%.The change intensity of land cover in the Jing-Jin-Ji region is the highest(plus 3.12%per decade)between 2020 and 2040,gradually decreasing after 2040.Built-up land has the fastest increasing rate(plus 5.07%per decade),and wetland has the fastest decreasing rate(minus 3.10%per decade)between 2020 and 2100.The change intensity of land cover under scenario SSP5-8.5 is the highest among the abovementioned three scenarios in the Jing-Jin-Ji region between 2020 and 2100.The impacts of GDP,population,transportation,and policies on land-cover change are generally greater than those on other land-cover types.The results indicate that the SSMLC method can be used to project the change trend and intensity of land cover under the different scenarios.This will help to optimize the spatial allocation and planning of land cover,and could be used to obtain key data for carrying out eco-environmental conservation measures in the Jing-Jin-Ji region in the future.展开更多
人类活动和气候影响土地利用变化,而土地利用变化是影响生境质量变化最基本因素之一,探究不同气候情景下生境质量对区域土地资源可持续利用和生态保护具有重要意义。本文以南昌市为例,基于耦合SD(System dynamics)-PLUS(Patch-generatin...人类活动和气候影响土地利用变化,而土地利用变化是影响生境质量变化最基本因素之一,探究不同气候情景下生境质量对区域土地资源可持续利用和生态保护具有重要意义。本文以南昌市为例,基于耦合SD(System dynamics)-PLUS(Patch-generating land use simulation)模型模拟预测共享社会经济发展路径(Shared socioeconomic pathways, SSPs)与典型浓度路径(Representative concentration pathways, RCPs)组合情景下南昌市2035年土地利用格局,InVEST (Integrated valuation of ecosystem services and trade-offs)模型评估2000—2020年以及3种不同气候情景下南昌市2035年生境质量并进行时空变化分析,结果表明:3种情景下,2035年南昌市耕地、林地、草地面积下降,建设用地扩张迅速,水域和未利用地变化幅度较小。2000—2020年生境质量持续下降且空间分布差异较大,优等生境质量分布于山地丘陵以及湖泊水域,中、差等则分布于耕作区和城镇地区。3种气候情景下,2035年南昌市生境质量呈减速下降趋势,主要表现出中等向差等生境转换,退化程度由大到小依次为SSP585、SSP245、SSP119。研究结果可为南昌市高质量发展和生物多样性保护提供科学依据。展开更多
Within the context of our current research and understanding of climate change,decisionmakers are particularly concerned with the extent of future climate change,its comprehensive impact,and the types of socioeconomic...Within the context of our current research and understanding of climate change,decisionmakers are particularly concerned with the extent of future climate change,its comprehensive impact,and the types of socioeconomic pathways available with respect to mitigation and adaptation.Among the factors contributing to these important issues,the role of air pollution in global and regional climate warming remains as one of the largest uncertainties.On the basis of understanding of the IPCC Fifth Assessment Report,specifically,in the role of air pollution in climate change,scenarios establishment,and relationship between the Shared Socioeconomic Pathways(SSPs) and Representative Concentration Pathways(RCPs).Weaknesses and reflections were discussed here especially in strengthening impact,adaptation and mitigation research that related with changes in air pollution and climate.In the future,there are needs to in-depth understand how and why the air pollution in China is so serious and changing; to understand the likely future changes in air pollution and climate; to strengthen comprehensive impact research and selective reduction strategies related to changes in air pollution and climate.Furthermore,this study outlines the needs to develop strategies to close the loop of differential impacts and costs; to establish co-benefits and sustainable development goals,to identify the crucial risks and options for synergies/trade-offs; to integrate sector-specific details with macro-economics,and to integrate the assessments of the various policy instruments.All these focus areas will help to facilitate the transition of economic development patterns towards green and low-carbon development.展开更多
This study measures regional impacts of adaptation to climate change for the Paris Agreement under the Shared Socio-Economic Pathways and Representative Concentration Pathways scenarios. We develop a global economic m...This study measures regional impacts of adaptation to climate change for the Paris Agreement under the Shared Socio-Economic Pathways and Representative Concentration Pathways scenarios. We develop a global economic model with adaptation to climate change. Simulated results indicate that: 1) Asian and African adaptation costs exceed more than one percent of GDP in the year 2100 under the business as usual scenario;2) adaptation costs under the 2.0°C target are higher in Asia and Africa than other regions;and 3) adaptation costs amount to one percent of GDP in Japan, EU and Latin America under the 1.5°C target scenario by adaptation.展开更多
To evaluate the feasibility and clinical significance of the PCR SSP technique in detecting K ras gene mutation at codon 12 in pancreatic adenocarcinoma tissues. 80 specimens of surgical resection or biopsy samples ...To evaluate the feasibility and clinical significance of the PCR SSP technique in detecting K ras gene mutation at codon 12 in pancreatic adenocarcinoma tissues. 80 specimens of surgical resection or biopsy samples were tested at our hospital from January 1994 to September 1995. Three different special sequence primers (SSP) synthesized according to mutation styles of CGT, GTT, GAT were respectively prepared. Three amplification reactions were performed for each sample. The amplification products were analyzed by conventional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, stained with ethidium bromide and observed under UV transillumination. Results: All of the 34 pancreatic adenocarcinoma samples had positive PCR results with the mutation rate 100%. 7 cases were CGT mutation, 18 GGT and 17 GAT mutation, in which 2 types of mutation existed in 8 cases. No mutation appeared in 13 normal pancreatic tissues, 6 insulinomas, 6 chronic pancreatitis, 5 benign pancreatic cysts, 7 bile duct carcinoma, 5 ampulla carcinoma and 4 carcinomas of duodenal papilla. Conclusion: Pancreatic adenocarcinoma is one of the commonly encounted tumors and is still very difficult to diagnose at the early stage and to distinguish from other lesions preoperatively. Our study indicates that PCR SSP is an ideal assay in comparison with other methods to detect K ras gene mutation. It is simple, rapid, specific, sensitive and easily generalized for clinical application on preoperative diagnosis.展开更多
基金supported by the Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Pan-Third Pole Environment Study for a Green Silk Road(Pan-TPE)of China(XDA2004030202)Shanghai Cooperation and the Organization Science and Technology Partnership of China(2021E01019)。
文摘Hydrothermal condition is mismatched in arid and semi-arid regions,particularly in Central Asia(including Kazakhstan,Kyrgyzstan,Tajikistan,Uzbekistan,and Turkmenistan),resulting many environmental limitations.In this study,we projected hydrothermal condition in Central Asia based on bias-corrected multi-model ensembles(MMEs)from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6(CMIP6)under four Shared Socioeconomic Pathway and Representative Concentration Pathway(SSP-RCP)scenarios(SSP126(SSP1-RCP2.6),SSP245(SSP2-RCP4.5),SSP460(SSP4-RCP6.0),and SSP585(SSP5-RCP8.5))during 2015-2100.The bias correction and spatial disaggregation,water-thermal product index,and sensitivity analysis were used in this study.The results showed that the hydrothermal condition is mismatched in the central and southern deserts,whereas the region of Pamir Mountains and Tianshan Mountains as well as the northern plains of Kazakhstan showed a matched hydrothermal condition.Compared with the historical period,the matched degree of hydrothermal condition improves during 2046-2075,but degenerates during 2015-2044 and 2076-2100.The change of hydrothermal condition is sensitive to precipitation in the northern regions and the maximum temperatures in the southern regions.The result suggests that the optimal scenario in Central Asia is SSP126 scenario,while SSP585 scenario brings further hydrothermal contradictions.This study provides scientific information for the development and sustainable utilization of hydrothermal resources in arid and semi-arid regions under climate change.
基金Under the auspices of National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.42176221,41901133)Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (No.XDA19060205)Seed project of Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research,Chinese Academy of Sciences (No.YIC-E3518907)。
文摘Increased human activities in China's coastal zone have resulted in the depletion of ecological land resources.Thus,conducting current and future multi-scenario simulation research on land use and land cover change(LUCC)is crucial for guiding the healthy and sustainable development of coastal zones.System dynamic(SD)-future land use simulation(FLUS)model,a coupled simulation model,was developed to analyze land use dynamics in China's coastal zone.This model encompasses five scenarios,namely,SSP1-RCP2.6(A),SSP2-RCP4.5(B),SSP3-RCP4.5(C),SSP4-RCP4.5(D),and SSP5-RCP8.5(E).The SD model simulates land use demand on an annual basis up to the year 2100.Subsequently,the FLUS model determines the spatial distribution of land use for the near term(2035),medium term(2050),and long term(2100).Results reveal a slowing trend in land use changes in China's coastal zone from 2000–2020.Among these changes,the expansion rate of construction land was the highest and exhibited an annual decrease.By 2100,land use predictions exhibit high accuracy,and notable differences are observed in trends across scenarios.In summary,the expansion of production,living,and ecological spaces toward the sea remains prominent.Scenario A emphasizes reduced land resource dependence,benefiting ecological land protection.Scenario B witnesses an intensified expansion of artificial wetlands.Scenario C sees substantial land needs for living and production,while Scenario D shows coastal forest and grassland shrinkage.Lastly,in Scenario E,the conflict between humans and land intensifies.This study presents pertinent recommendations for the future development,utilization,and management of coastal areas in China.The research contributes valuable scientific support for informed,long-term strategic decision making within coastal regions.
基金the National Key Research&Development Program of China(2019YFA0607203,2017YFA0604404)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(41901327,41671398,41871318)+2 种基金the Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(2019A1515010823)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(19lgpy41)Natural Resources of the People’s Republic of China(GS(2020)2879)。
文摘Land use projections are crucial for climate models to forecast the impacts of land use changes on the Earth’s system.However,the spatial resolution of existing global land use projections(e.g.,0.25°×0.25°in the Land-Use Harmonization(LUH2)datasets)is still too coarse to drive regional climate models and assess mitigation effectiveness at regional and local scales.To generate a high-resolution land use product with the newest integrated scenarios of the shared socioeconomic pathways and the representative concentration pathways(SSPs-RCPs)for various regional climate studies in China,here we first conduct land use simulations with a newly developed Future Land Uses Simulation(FLUS)model based on the trajectories of land use demands extracted from the LUH2 datasets.On this basis,a new set of land use projections under the plant functional type(PFT)classification,with a temporal resolution of 5 years and a spatial resolution of 5 km,in eight SSP-RCP scenarios from 2015 to 2100 in China is produced.The results show that differences in land use dynamics under different SSP-RCP scenarios are jointly affected by global assumptions and national policies.Furthermore,with improved spatial resolution,the data produced in this study can sufficiently describe the details of land use distribution and better capture the spatial heterogeneity of different land use types at the regional scale.We highlight that these new land use projections at the PFT level have a strong potential for reducing uncertainty in the simulation of regional climate models with finer spatial resolutions.
基金National Key R&D Program of China(2017YFA0603702)National Key R&D Program of China(2018YFC0507202)+3 种基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(41971358)National Natural Science Foundation of China(41930647)Strategic Priority Research Program(A)of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(XDA20030203)Innovation Research Project of State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environment Information System,CAS。
文摘How to simulate land-cover change,driven by climate change and human activity,is not only a hot issue in the field of land-cover research but also in the field of sustainable urbanization.A surface-modeling method of land cover scenario(SSMLC)driven by the coupling of natural and human factors was developed to overcome limitations in existing land-cover models.Based on the climatic scenario data of CMIP6 SSP1-2.6,SSP2-4.5,and SSP5-8.5 released by IPCC in 2020,which combines shared socioeconomic paths(SSPs)with typical concentration paths(RCPs),observation climatic data concerning meteorological stations,the population,GDP,transportation data,land-cover data from 2020,and related policy refences,are used to simulate scenarios of land-cover change in the Jing-Jin-Ji region using SSP1-2.6,SSP2-4.5,and SSP5-8.5 for the years 2040,2070 and 2100,respectively.The simulation results show that the total accuracy of SSMLC in the Jing-Jin-Ji region attains 93.52%.The change intensity of land cover in the Jing-Jin-Ji region is the highest(plus 3.12%per decade)between 2020 and 2040,gradually decreasing after 2040.Built-up land has the fastest increasing rate(plus 5.07%per decade),and wetland has the fastest decreasing rate(minus 3.10%per decade)between 2020 and 2100.The change intensity of land cover under scenario SSP5-8.5 is the highest among the abovementioned three scenarios in the Jing-Jin-Ji region between 2020 and 2100.The impacts of GDP,population,transportation,and policies on land-cover change are generally greater than those on other land-cover types.The results indicate that the SSMLC method can be used to project the change trend and intensity of land cover under the different scenarios.This will help to optimize the spatial allocation and planning of land cover,and could be used to obtain key data for carrying out eco-environmental conservation measures in the Jing-Jin-Ji region in the future.
文摘人类活动和气候影响土地利用变化,而土地利用变化是影响生境质量变化最基本因素之一,探究不同气候情景下生境质量对区域土地资源可持续利用和生态保护具有重要意义。本文以南昌市为例,基于耦合SD(System dynamics)-PLUS(Patch-generating land use simulation)模型模拟预测共享社会经济发展路径(Shared socioeconomic pathways, SSPs)与典型浓度路径(Representative concentration pathways, RCPs)组合情景下南昌市2035年土地利用格局,InVEST (Integrated valuation of ecosystem services and trade-offs)模型评估2000—2020年以及3种不同气候情景下南昌市2035年生境质量并进行时空变化分析,结果表明:3种情景下,2035年南昌市耕地、林地、草地面积下降,建设用地扩张迅速,水域和未利用地变化幅度较小。2000—2020年生境质量持续下降且空间分布差异较大,优等生境质量分布于山地丘陵以及湖泊水域,中、差等则分布于耕作区和城镇地区。3种气候情景下,2035年南昌市生境质量呈减速下降趋势,主要表现出中等向差等生境转换,退化程度由大到小依次为SSP585、SSP245、SSP119。研究结果可为南昌市高质量发展和生物多样性保护提供科学依据。
基金supported by grants from National Key Project of Basic Research (2011CB403401)
文摘Within the context of our current research and understanding of climate change,decisionmakers are particularly concerned with the extent of future climate change,its comprehensive impact,and the types of socioeconomic pathways available with respect to mitigation and adaptation.Among the factors contributing to these important issues,the role of air pollution in global and regional climate warming remains as one of the largest uncertainties.On the basis of understanding of the IPCC Fifth Assessment Report,specifically,in the role of air pollution in climate change,scenarios establishment,and relationship between the Shared Socioeconomic Pathways(SSPs) and Representative Concentration Pathways(RCPs).Weaknesses and reflections were discussed here especially in strengthening impact,adaptation and mitigation research that related with changes in air pollution and climate.In the future,there are needs to in-depth understand how and why the air pollution in China is so serious and changing; to understand the likely future changes in air pollution and climate; to strengthen comprehensive impact research and selective reduction strategies related to changes in air pollution and climate.Furthermore,this study outlines the needs to develop strategies to close the loop of differential impacts and costs; to establish co-benefits and sustainable development goals,to identify the crucial risks and options for synergies/trade-offs; to integrate sector-specific details with macro-economics,and to integrate the assessments of the various policy instruments.All these focus areas will help to facilitate the transition of economic development patterns towards green and low-carbon development.
文摘This study measures regional impacts of adaptation to climate change for the Paris Agreement under the Shared Socio-Economic Pathways and Representative Concentration Pathways scenarios. We develop a global economic model with adaptation to climate change. Simulated results indicate that: 1) Asian and African adaptation costs exceed more than one percent of GDP in the year 2100 under the business as usual scenario;2) adaptation costs under the 2.0°C target are higher in Asia and Africa than other regions;and 3) adaptation costs amount to one percent of GDP in Japan, EU and Latin America under the 1.5°C target scenario by adaptation.
文摘To evaluate the feasibility and clinical significance of the PCR SSP technique in detecting K ras gene mutation at codon 12 in pancreatic adenocarcinoma tissues. 80 specimens of surgical resection or biopsy samples were tested at our hospital from January 1994 to September 1995. Three different special sequence primers (SSP) synthesized according to mutation styles of CGT, GTT, GAT were respectively prepared. Three amplification reactions were performed for each sample. The amplification products were analyzed by conventional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, stained with ethidium bromide and observed under UV transillumination. Results: All of the 34 pancreatic adenocarcinoma samples had positive PCR results with the mutation rate 100%. 7 cases were CGT mutation, 18 GGT and 17 GAT mutation, in which 2 types of mutation existed in 8 cases. No mutation appeared in 13 normal pancreatic tissues, 6 insulinomas, 6 chronic pancreatitis, 5 benign pancreatic cysts, 7 bile duct carcinoma, 5 ampulla carcinoma and 4 carcinomas of duodenal papilla. Conclusion: Pancreatic adenocarcinoma is one of the commonly encounted tumors and is still very difficult to diagnose at the early stage and to distinguish from other lesions preoperatively. Our study indicates that PCR SSP is an ideal assay in comparison with other methods to detect K ras gene mutation. It is simple, rapid, specific, sensitive and easily generalized for clinical application on preoperative diagnosis.
