Heat transfer simulation of annular elliptical fin-and-tube heat exchanger by transition SST model

In this study,thermo-fluid characteristics of elliptical annular finned tube heat exchanger were numerically studied in detail.Transition SST model was utilized to simulate turbulent flow.Effects of air velocities,horizontal to vertical fin diameter ratios,and fin densities were examined in detail.The simulations indicate superior performance of elliptical fin layout.It was shown that pressure drop of annular elliptical fin can be only one half of that of a circular annular fin while containing comparable heat transfer performance.The vertical elliptical annular fin may even contain a higher heat transfer performance over circular fin.Correlations are proposed to estimate the Nu number and pressure drop based on the annular circular fin.The maximum deviations between the proposed correlations and simulations regarding pressure drop and heat transfer coefficient are 5.6%and 3.2%,respectively.For further elaboration of the superiority of the elliptical layout from the second law perspective,normalized entropy generation was also studied.In all cases,the entropy generation rate in circular fin was higher than that of an elliptical fin.

A model for predicting SST in limited region-I. The dynamical equations

-Starting from physical oceanology characteristics of the China seas and for the short-term operational prediction of SST in the region, a two-dimensional (vertically integrated) primitive equation model, physically reasonable and operationally feasible,on the upper mixed layer is constructed and given here, which consists of three parts, the nondivergent residual current (the monthly mean field of the Kuroshio and its branches) equations, the dynamic forecasting equations, and the equation of model's physics consisting of surface heat flux, coolings of the upper mixed layer due to the Ekman pumping and the entrainment by gale. This model may be used primarily to forecast the sea surface temperature, and to give estimations of the mean wind-driven current and the sea level, for a period of 3-5 d. In part 1 of this series, the physical conditions for establishing model equations are discussed first, that is, 1. the existence of the upper well mixed layer in the region; 2. the distinguishability of currents of all kinds; 3. the splitting of thermodynamical equation. The equations of nondivergent residual current, and the dynamic forecasting equations with initial values and boundary conditions are also discussed.

Evaluating the Formation Mechanisms of the Equatorial Pacific SST Warming Pattern in CMIP5 Models

Based on the historical and RCP8.5 runs of the multi-model ensemble of 32 models participating in CMIP5, the present study evaluates the formation mechanisms for the patterns of changes in equatorial Pacific SST under global warming. Two features with complex formation processes, the zonal E1 Nifio-like pattern and the meridional equatorial peak warm- ing （EPW）, are investigated. The climatological evaporation is the main contributor to the E1 Nifio-like pattern, while the ocean dynamical thermostat effect plays a comparable negative role. The cloud-shortwave-radiation-SST feedback and the weakened Walker circulation play a small positive role in the E1 Nifio-like pattern. The processes associated with ocean dynamics are confined to the equator. The climatological evaporation is also the dominant contributor to the EPW pattern, as suggested in previous studies. However, the effects of some processes are inconsistent with previous studies. For example, changes in the zonal heat advection due to the weakened Walker circulation have a remarkable positive contribution to the EPW pattern, and changes in the shortwave radiation play a negative role in the EPW pattern.

Modeling and Control of the Modular Multilevel Converter (MMC) based Solid State Transformer (SST) with Magnetic Integration

Solid state transformer(SST)can provide more advanced functionalities compared with conventional transformer,and has great potential in smart grid application.Recently,the SST with medium frequency(MF)isolation link and magnetic integration feature has been proposed,which can reduce the system volume and thus increase the power density.However,the magnetic integration also introduces strong coupling between the line frequency(LF)and MF variables,which poses a great challenge on modeling and control issues.This paper proposes a modeling and control method for an SST with magnetic integration and mixed-frequency modulation.A mathematical model based on dual d-q references is deduced,and then a cascaded control system is designed according to the model.Parameters of the controller for the variables at one frequency are properly designed to avoid disturbance from the variables at the other frequency.The simulation and experimental results show good decoupling effect and satisfactory dynamics performance of the proposed control system.

A model for prediction SST in limited region- Ⅱ . The model's physical equation

-The model's physical equation is used to parameterize some subgrid-scale processes and physical processes in the present numerical model. The transmission and attenuation of the solar energy in the ocean are considered. A simple diagnostic equation for the cloud fractions k proposed on the basis of the humidities at the surface and the mid-troposphere. The parameterized formulae of both entrainment and Ekman pumping are improved.In the numerical integration, the treatment on damping the inertial oscillations is emphasized. The initialization and the objective analysis of the data which are necessary for the operational prediction will be presented in another paper.Results of SST prediction and some numerical experiments are given here. The model is computationally stable and successful in modelling the behaviors of the drift current and the mixed layer physics, and the AMD (absolute mean deviations) ≤1. 2℃ , RC (correlation coefficients ) ≥85% for 3-day forecasting.

A deep learning–based U-Net model for ENSO-related precipitation responses to sea surface temperature anomalies over the tropical Pacific

SST–降水反馈过程在热带太平洋ENSO演变过程中起着重要作用,能否真实地在数值模式中表征SST–降水年际异常之间的关系及相关反馈过程,对于准确模拟和预测ENSO至关重要.例如,在一些模拟ENSO的混合型耦合模式中,通常采用大气统计模型(如经验正交函数;EOF)来表征降水(海气界面淡水通量的一个重要分量)对SST年际异常的线性响应.然而在当前的耦合模式中,真实观测到的降水–SST统计关系还不能被很好地再现出来,从而引起ENSO模拟误差和不确定性.在本研究中,使用基于深度学习的U-Net模型来构建热带太平洋降水异常场对SST年际异常的非线性响应模型.研究发现:U-Net模型的性能优于传统的基于EOF方法的模型.特别是在热带西太平洋海区,U-Net模型估算的降水误差远小于EOF模型的模拟.此外,当SST和降水异常的趋势信息作为输入变量也被同时引入以进一步约束模式训练时,U-Net模型的性能可以进一步提高,如能使热带辐合带区域的误差显著降低.

基于SST-SAS方法的水射流数值模拟

水射流在工业生产中广泛应用,具有重要的研究价值。本文采用数值模拟方法,使用CFD软件对水射流的流场进行了模拟和分析。研究对圆形喷管进行了简化,建立了二维轴对称模型,流体介质为甘油水溶液,湍流模型基于SST-SAS模型,并与实验结果进行对比。研究发现,k-ε湍流模型在冲击射流低雷诺数区域的模拟能力不足,而SAS湍流模型在不同位置处的计算值与实验值吻合良好,表明该模型可以很好地模拟低雷诺数区域的冲击射流流场,可以为下一步研究冲击射流中冲击高度、喷嘴形状、雷诺数等因素对流动特性的影响奠定了良好的工作基础。

k-ω SST两方程湍流模型中参数影响的初步分析

Menter的k-ωSST两方程湍流模型在流体力学计算中有良好表现。利用均匀试验设计方法对k-ωSST模型中八个参数在小攻角亚声速、跨声速和大攻角三种典型的翼型绕流流场计算中的影响规律进行了分析。分析结果表明在附着流中参数a1是对流场的影响最大的参数;而在分离流中,参数a1对流场的影响与湍流产生与耗散等项的作用相当,模型中的四个参数:σω2、β2、β*和a1的取值都会对计算结果有较大的影响。

应用SSTk-ω湍流模型计算Rushton搅拌釜流场

应用SSTkω-湍流模型对Rushton搅拌釜流场进行了计算,并与文献报道实验数据以及标准k-ε模型、RNGkω-模型预测结果进行了比较。结果表明SSTkω-模型所计算的排除流量准数与实验值相差较小,桨叶区速度场与实验数据吻合较好,略优于标准k-ε模型,同时也给出了近壁区的计算结果。在湍动动能的预报上,SSTk-ω模型值与标准k-ε模型比较接近,优于RNGkε-模型,但与实验值都还不同程度地存在着一些差异。

提高k-ω SST模型对翼型失速特性的模拟能力

采用CFD软件fluent,k-ωSST模型对S825翼型进行了二维数值模拟.针对k-ωSST模型对翼型分离失速特性模拟不准的情况,对分离区域内湍流的强非平衡输运特性进行了分析.研究表明:原始模型由于不能准确模拟分离区内湍流的强非平衡输运特性,导致其对翼型失速特性模拟失效;提出了通过修正模型系数a1及β*∞,提高k-ωSST模型预测非平衡湍流输运特性的方法,从而提高对翼型失速特性的模拟精度.

基于SST k-ω模型的汽车空调CFD仿真分析

以汽车空调为研究目标,利用SST k-ω两方程模型,在除霜模式下分别对带HVAC及不带HVAC的空调系统进行仿真计算,分析了HVAC系统对仿真计算结果产生的影响。此外,分析结果显示位于驾驶员侧的前挡玻璃表面速度满足要求,位于副驾驶侧的前挡风玻璃表面速度大于1.5 m/s的区域覆盖率仅为75%左右,不满足国标要求。侧窗玻璃表面速度均值不到1 m/s,也不满足国标,仿真结果与试验结果对比相一致。风道存在较大问题,导致除霜风道气体集中从中间风道吹出,两侧风道的气流极小。根据结果提出进一步的改进建议,即在除霜风道增加必要的隔板装置,为汽车空调的改进设计提供依据。

基于改进k-ω SST模型的风力机尾流数值模拟

基于双方程k-ω SST模型提出两种改进湍流模型,采用丹麦科技大学的自编求解器EllipSys3D结合致动盘方法,对单台风力机尾流流场进行数值模拟。该文将SST-sust模型引入到风力机尾流的数值研究中,为了更进一步增大预测到的湍流强度和提高尾流恢复速度,提出SST-Csust模型和SST-Dsust模型,它们是在SST-sust模型的基础上分别调整湍流模型的封闭常系数、修正ω方程的耗散项。通过与理论、实验以及LES模型进行对比分析,结果表明该文提出的改进模型在尾流区速度分布和湍流强度分布的预测方面可取得较好的应用效果。

基于SST k-ω湍流模型的高层建筑体型系数数值研究

目的研究建筑物高度和宽度的变化对其表面绕流流场的影响,分析建筑物风荷载体型系数的变化,为结构设计人员在结构抗风设计方面提供参考.方法利用计算流体动力学软件STAR-CCM+,选用基于雷诺平均(RANS)的SST k-ω湍流模型,对不同高度和宽度的建筑物进行数值模拟,计算建筑物风荷载体型系数.结果在宽度相同的情况下,随着高度的增加,正面、侧面和背面的体型系数绝对值增加;随着宽度的增加,侧面和背面的体型系数绝对值增加,而正面影响不大.结论高层建筑的体型和体量对风荷载体型系数有一定的影响,在结构抗风设计中应该适当予以考虑.

SST k-ω-k_p两相湍流模型及其在湿蒸汽凝结流动数值模拟中的应用

首先,建立了湿蒸汽凝结流动的双流体模型,考虑了湿蒸汽两相流动中相间的速度滑移、耦合以及湍流扩散作用的影响．然后,针对蒸汽透平叶栅中流动的湍流特性,在单相湍流计算中数值模拟精度相对良好的两方程SST k-ω湍流模型基础上,参照颗粒湍能输运方程理论,推导建立了SST k-ω-k_p湿蒸汽两相流动湍流模型,模型中引入了液相黏性、导热及扩散系数等拟流体概念．对二维叶栅中存在自发凝结的湿蒸汽流动进行的数值模拟表明:建立的数值模型表现良好,明显优于单流体模型,特别是吸力面的压力分布模拟精度有很大提高,具有较高的精确性和可靠性．由于实验数据的匮乏,数值模拟中发现的汽液两相的动力特性以及液相的参数分布有待于进一步的实验来验证．

SST湍流模型在汽车绕流仿真中的应用

采用基于k ω模型的SST(剪切应力输运 )湍流模型 ,综合了k ω和k ε湍流模型在边界层内外计算的优点 ,在数值试验和实际应用中表现出其准确及时预测分离的特性。计算结果与汽车模型在小型风洞中的试验结果比较吻合 。

基于SST k-ω湍流模型的二维圆柱涡激振动数值仿真计算

随着海洋工程逐渐向深海发展,广泛使用的柔性立管因为高频振动很容易受到严重的损伤。因此对于这类细长柔性结构的涡激振动(VIV)研究是当今的一个热点,同时随着计算机的快速发展,CFD(计算流体力学)技术成为研究涡激振动问题不可或缺的一种方法。本文采用雷诺平均纳维尔-斯托克斯(RANS)方程,并结合SST k-ω湍流模型,研究低质量比弹性支撑刚性圆柱体的涡激振动问题。从振幅响应、频率响应、3个响应分支的水动力性能、尾涡模式等方面和Williamson相关实验作对比。结果表明,SST k-ω湍流模型能够有效准确地模拟圆柱绕流的涡激振动。本文丰富了海洋工程的理论研究,为柔性立管的实际应用提供了一定的理论指导。

考虑旋转和曲率影响的SST k-ω湍流模型改进

分析了离心泵中常用湍流模型的优缺点,采用考虑旋转和曲率影响的RNG k-ε模型和Realizable k-ε模型分别对SST k-ω湍流模型进行了改进,生成了两种新的湍流模型。以开源代码库OpenFOAM作为平台对改进的湍流模型实现了程序化,应用新的湍流模型分别对一低、中、高比转数的离心泵进行数值计算,并将修改前后的数值计算结果与试验结果从能量性能的角度进行了详细对比。分析结果表明,改进后的湍流模型能成功用于离心泵内流计算中,且计算精度较修改前更接近于试验值。

基于SST湍流模型的超车时汽车外流场变化的仿真分析

基于k-w模型的SST(剪切应力输运)湍流模型综合了k-ε和k-w湍流模型在边界层内外计算的优点,能够准确及时预测分离的特性。利用SST湍流模型对轿车超越轿车的过程运用计算机仿真技术进行数值模拟,得出被超轿车在此过程中的气动阻力系数和气动侧力变化曲线图,并对这一工况进行了分析。

基于SST k-ω湍流模型与遗传算法的高速电梯井道风口优化设计

为了改善和提高电梯的气动特性和运行稳定性,基于SST k-ω湍流模型对电梯进行空气流体仿真,计算气动阻力、侧翻力矩、俯仰力矩,分析实验数据变化趋势。通过最小二乘拟合,建立电梯气动特性的一元数值模型。根据正交实验结果与一元数值模型,基于MATLAB回归分析,建立电梯气动特性的多元数值模型,并以此作为目标函数,以气动阻力、侧翻力矩和俯仰力矩最小作为优化目标,基于遗传算法进行电梯气动特性的多目标优化,仿真验证优化后电梯气动特性得到较大改善,为电梯气动特性的改善提供了一定的参考价值和意义。

CMIP5模式对南海SST的模拟和预估

分析了32个CMIP5模式对南海历史海表温度(SST)的模拟能力和不同排放情景下未来SST变化的预估。通过检验各气候模式对南海历史SST增温趋势和均方差的模拟,发现大部分模式都能较好地模拟出南海20世纪历史SST的基本特征和变化规律,但也有部分模式的模拟存在较大偏差。尽管这些模拟偏差较大的模式对SST多模式集合平均的影响不大,但会增加未来情景预估的不确定性。剔除15个模式后,分析了南海SST在RCP26、RCP45和RCP85三种排放情景下的变化趋势,发现在未来百年呈明显的增温趋势,多模式集合平均的增温趋势分别为0.42、1.50和3.30℃/(100a)。这些增温趋势在空间上变化不大,但随时间并不是均匀变化的。在前两种排放情景下,21世纪前期的增温趋势明显强于后期,而在RCP85情景下,21世纪后期的增温趋势强于前期。