Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the predominant type of oral cancer, while some patients may develop oral multiple primary cancers (MPCs) with unclear etiology. This study aimed to investigate the clinicopathol...Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the predominant type of oral cancer, while some patients may develop oral multiple primary cancers (MPCs) with unclear etiology. This study aimed to investigate the clinicopathological characteristics and genomic alterations of oral MPCs. Clinicopathological data from patients with oral single primary carcinoma (SPC, n=202) and oral MPCs (n=34) were collected and compared. Copy number alteration (CNA) analysis was conducted to identify chromosomal-instability differences among oral MPCs, recurrent OSCC cases, and OSCC patients with lymph node metastasis. Whole-exome sequencing was employed to identify potential unique gene mutations in oral MPCs patients. Additionally, CNA and phylogenetic tree analyses were used to gain preliminary insights into the molecular characteristics of different primary tumors within individual patients. Our findings revealed that, in contrast to oral SPC, females predominated the oral MPCs (70.59%), while smoking and alcohol use were not frequent in MPCs.Moreover, long-term survival outcomes were poorer in oral MPCs. From a CNA perspective, no significant differences were observed between oral MPCs patients and those with recurrence and lymph node metastasis. In addition to commonly mutated genes such as CASP8, TP53 and MUC16, in oral MPCs we also detected relatively rare mutations, such as HS3ST6 and RFPL4A. Furthermore, this study also demonstrated that most MPCs patients exhibited similarities in certain genomic regions within individuals, and distinct differences of the similarity degree were observed between synchronous and metachronous oral MPCs.展开更多
Objective: Patients with radioactive iodine-refractory differentiated thyroid cancer(RAIR-DTC) are often diagnosed with delay and constrained to limited treatment options. The correlation between RAI refractoriness an...Objective: Patients with radioactive iodine-refractory differentiated thyroid cancer(RAIR-DTC) are often diagnosed with delay and constrained to limited treatment options. The correlation between RAI refractoriness and the underlying genetic characteristics has not been extensively studied.Methods: Adult patients with distant metastatic DTC were enrolled and assigned to undergo next-generation sequencing of a customized 26-gene panel(Thyro Lead). Patients were classified into RAIR-DTC or non-RAIR groups to determine the differences in clinicopathological and molecular characteristics. Molecular risk stratification(MRS) was constructed based on the association between molecular alterations identified and RAI refractoriness, and the results were classified as high, intermediate or low MRS.Results: A total of 220 patients with distant metastases were included, 63.2% of whom were identified as RAIRDTC. Genetic alterations were identified in 90% of all the patients, with BRAF(59.7% vs. 17.3%), TERT promoter(43.9% vs. 7.4%), and TP53 mutations(11.5% vs. 3.7%) being more prevalent in the RAIR-DTC group than in the non-RAIR group, except for RET fusions(15.8% vs. 39.5%), which had the opposite pattern. BRAF and TERT promoter are independent predictors of RAIR-DTC, accounting for 67.6% of patients with RAIR-DTC. MRS was strongly associated with RAI refractoriness(P<0.001), with an odds ratio(OR) of high to low MRS of 7.52 [95%confidence interval(95% CI), 3.96-14.28;P<0.001] and an OR of intermediate to low MRS of 3.20(95% CI,1.01-10.14;P=0.041).Conclusions: Molecular alterations were associated with RAI refractoriness, with BRAF and TERT promoter mutations being the predominant contributors, followed by TP53 and DICER1 mutations. MRS might serve as a valuable tool for both prognosticating clinical outcomes and directing precision-based therapeutic interventions.展开更多
This study investigated experimentally the coupled effects of hydrophilic SiO_(2) nanoparticles(NPs)and low-salinity water(LSW)on the wettability of synthetic clay-free Berea sandstone.Capillary pressure,interfacial t...This study investigated experimentally the coupled effects of hydrophilic SiO_(2) nanoparticles(NPs)and low-salinity water(LSW)on the wettability of synthetic clay-free Berea sandstone.Capillary pressure,interfacial tension(IFT),contact angle,Zeta potential,and dynamic displacement measurements were performed at various NP mass fractions and brine salinities.The U.S.Bureau of Mines(USBM)index was used to quantify the wettability alteration.Furthermore,the NP stability and retention and the effect of enhanced oil recovery by nanofluid were examined.The results showed that LSW immiscible displacement with NPs altered the wettability toward more water wet.With the decreasing brine salinity and increasing NP mass fraction,the IFT and contact angle decreased.The wettability alteration intensified most as the brine salinity decreased to 4000 mg/L and the NP mass fraction increased to 0.075%.Under these conditions,the resulting incremental oil recovery factor was approximately 13 percentage points.When the brine salinity was 4000 mg/L and the NP mass fraction was 0.025%,the retention of NPs caused the minimum damage to permeability.展开更多
Mapping from remote sensing has become more effective in the field of geology, mainly in lithological discrimination and identification of hydrothermal alteration zones. The use of this technique consists in obtaining...Mapping from remote sensing has become more effective in the field of geology, mainly in lithological discrimination and identification of hydrothermal alteration zones. The use of this technique consists in obtaining information about the rock mass and the main ones existing in the inaccessible areas. Satellite data from the ASTER (Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer) sensor represent a favorable potential for detecting the spectral signatures of mineral zones and identifying their nature. These data are more reliable in places where the climate is arid with less abundant vegetation, as at the Oumjrane-Boukerzia mining district. This region which is part of the Eastern Anti-Atlas, is composed of several mineralized veins which still require detailed studies and exploration by the technique of remote sensing. In this work we applied several processing techniques on ASTER imagery such as Colored Composition, Principal Component Analysis and Ratio Bands. The use of the reports of the specialized Bands makes it possible to identify some hydrothermal alteration minerals within the mining district of Oumjrane Boukerzia. These minerals are represented mainly by iron oxides and hydroxides (Hematite, jarosite, limonite and goethite), carbonate minerals (dolomite, calcite), clay minerals (Illite, kaolinite and chlorite) and quartz minerals. This work allows us to produce a map of hydrothermal alteration zones which can be used as a valuable reference in the strategy of mining exploration for the base metals (Cu, Pb, Zn and Ba), in the mining district of Oumjrane-Boukerzia and in the entire Eastern Anti-Atlas.展开更多
Brain synapses play a key role in neuronal communication:this“conversation”is at the basis of all brain activities and synaptic dysfunction leads to brain disorders.We study the modulators of this crucial synaptic f...Brain synapses play a key role in neuronal communication:this“conversation”is at the basis of all brain activities and synaptic dysfunction leads to brain disorders.We study the modulators of this crucial synaptic function and we here present the evidence supporting the c-Jun N-terminal kinase(JNK)pathway as a pivotal actor in this scenario.展开更多
Breast cancer originates primarily from the epithelial cells of the mammary gland.Repeated mammary gland expansion and degeneration are accompanied by an increased risk of genetic alterations in the breast1.These muta...Breast cancer originates primarily from the epithelial cells of the mammary gland.Repeated mammary gland expansion and degeneration are accompanied by an increased risk of genetic alterations in the breast1.These mutations in breast epithelial cells dynamically occur in response to pregnancy,labor and delivery,breastfeeding,and the menstrual cycle,with a decline in mutation rates after menopause,which may be related to a decrease in estrogen levels.The breast epithelial cell mutations are also consistent with epidemiologic observations2.展开更多
Wettability is an important surface property that deserves to further explore the factors on its alteration.Series of bis-N-heterocyclic quaternary ammonium salts with different spacer length and N-heterocyclic headgr...Wettability is an important surface property that deserves to further explore the factors on its alteration.Series of bis-N-heterocyclic quaternary ammonium salts with different spacer length and N-heterocyclic headgroups(morpholinium(BMMB,BMMD and BMMH),piperidinium(BPMH)and piperazinium(BMPMH))have been synthesized and employed for altering the wettability of vermiculite and its derivates(Vts)treated by Li^(+)-saturated heating method.The results of X-ray diffraction(XRD),Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FT-IR),thermogravimetric analysis(TG-DTG),scanning electron microscopy(SEM)and N_(2)adsorption/desorption isotherms indicate that all of the bis-N-heterocyclic quaternary ammonium salts have been successfully inserted into the vermiculite layers,leading to the organic monolayer.The results of capillary rise tests combined with Lipophilic to Hydrophilic Ratio(LHR)values unveil the wettability alteration of the organo-Vts.As the layer charge decreases,the hydrophilicity of the organo-Vts gradually increases,which is probably caused by the decline in binding sites.As the result of the change in spacer length of modifier,the wetting properties of morpholinium-based organo-Vts change in order of BMMD-Vts>BMMH-Vts>BMMB-Vts,and difference in N-heterocyclic headgroups leads to the sequence of wettability:BMPMH-Vts>BPMH-Vts>BMMH-Vts.Layer charge of Vt,spacer length and the type of the N-heterocyclic headgroup of modifier have the synergistic effect on the regulation of the wettability.展开更多
The aim of this study is to carry out hydrothermal alteration mapping and structural mapping using ASTER images in order to identify indices that could guide mining exploration work in the Poli area and its surroundin...The aim of this study is to carry out hydrothermal alteration mapping and structural mapping using ASTER images in order to identify indices that could guide mining exploration work in the Poli area and its surroundings. To achieve this, the ASTER images were first preprocessed to correct atmospheric effects and remove vegetation influence. Secondly, a lineament mapping was conducted by applying Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) algorithms to the First Principal Component Analysis (PCA1) of Visible Near-Infrared (VNIR) and Shortwave Infrared (SWIR) bands. Lastly, band ratio methods were applied to the VNIR, SWIR, and Thermal Infrared (TIR) bands to determine indices of iron oxides/hydroxides (hematite and limonite), hydroxyl-bearing minerals (chlorite, epidote, and muscovite), and the quartz index. The results obtained showed that the lineaments were mainly oriented NE-SW, ENE-WSW, and E-W, with NE-SW being the most predominant direction. Concerning hydrothermal alteration, the identified indices covered almost the entire study area and showed a strong correlation with lithological data. Overlaying the obtained lineaments with the hydrothermal alteration indices revealed a significant correlation between existing mining indices and those observed in the field. Mineralized zones generally coincided with areas of high lineament density exhibiting significant hydrothermal alteration. Based on the correlation between existing mining indices and the results of hydrothermal and structural mapping, the results obtained can then be used as a reference document for any mining exploration in the study area.展开更多
The characterization of the relationships between mineralization and hydrothermal alteration is an essential element in understanding gold deposits. In south-west Burkina Faso, the Napélépéra mineralisa...The characterization of the relationships between mineralization and hydrothermal alteration is an essential element in understanding gold deposits. In south-west Burkina Faso, the Napélépéra mineralisation, the mobility of chemical elements and alteration-mineralization relationships were studied by means of selected core drilling and geochemical analyses using ICP-MS (Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry) and ICP-AES (Inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy). The mineralised granodiorite is grey porphyroid with quartz, plagioclase, biotite and amphibole. It is metaluminous and located in the tholeiitic series. The Na<sub>2</sub>O + CaO versus Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> + MgO alteration diagram divides the samples according to alteration dominance. Chloritisation and carbonation are the main alterations. There is a relationship between gold mineralisation at Napélépéra and alteration, and the paragenesis of gold + pyrite ± carbonate ± silica ± sericite is the main characteristic. Carbonation is the result of fluid input in the shear corridor of the mineralised zone. The mass balance of comparative metals in the proximal and distal zones of the mineralisation shows the absence of metals, while As, Hg, Ag and Bi are strongly enriched from the distal zone to the mineralised zone. The oxides associated with the mineralisation are mainly NaO, SrO and CaO.展开更多
This study used the diethylene triamine pentaacetic acid(DTPA)-seawater(SW)system to modify the sandstone rock wettability and enhance oil recovery.The investigation involved conducting wettability measurement,Zeta po...This study used the diethylene triamine pentaacetic acid(DTPA)-seawater(SW)system to modify the sandstone rock wettability and enhance oil recovery.The investigation involved conducting wettability measurement,Zeta potential measurement,and spontaneous imbibition experiment.The introduction of 5%DTPA-sW solution resulted in a significant decrease in the rock-oil contact angle from 143°to 23,along with a reduction in the Zeta potential from-2.29 mV to-13.06 mV,thereby altering the rock surface charge and shifting its wettability from an oil-wet state to a strongly water-wet state.The presence or absence of potential determining ions(Ca^(2+),Mg^(2+),SO_(4)^(2-))in the solution did not impact the effectiveness of DTPA in changing the rock wettability.However,by tripling the concentration of these ions in the solution,the performance of 5%DTPA-SW solution in changing wettability was impaired.Additionally,spontaneous imbibition tests demonstrated that the 5%DTPA-SW solution led to an increase in oil recovery up to 39.6%.Thus,the optimum mass fraction of DTPA for changing sandstone wettability was determined to be5%.展开更多
The Blade Altering Toolbox(BAT)described in this paper is a tool designed for fast reconstruction of an altered blade geometry for design optimization purposes.The BAT algorithm is capable of twisting a given rotor’s...The Blade Altering Toolbox(BAT)described in this paper is a tool designed for fast reconstruction of an altered blade geometry for design optimization purposes.The BAT algorithm is capable of twisting a given rotor’s angle of attack and stretching the chord length along the span of the rotor.Several test cases were run using the BAT’s algorithm.The BAT code’s twisting,stretching,and mesh reconstruction capabilities proved to be able to handle reasonably large geometric alterations to a provided input rotor geometry.The test examples showed that the toolbox’s algorithm could handle any stretching of the blade’s chord as long as the blade remained within the original bounds of the unaltered mesh.The algorithm appears to fail when the net twist angle applied the geometry exceeds approximately 30 degrees,however this limitation is dependent on the initial geometry and other input parameters.Overall,the algorithm is a very powerful tool for automating a design optimization procedure.展开更多
There are abundant igneous gas reservoirs in the South China Sea with significant value of research,and lithology classification,mineral analysis and porosity inversion are important links in reservoir evaluation.Howe...There are abundant igneous gas reservoirs in the South China Sea with significant value of research,and lithology classification,mineral analysis and porosity inversion are important links in reservoir evaluation.However,affected by the diverse lithology,complicated mineral and widespread alteration,conventional logging lithology classification and mineral inversion become considerably difficult.At the same time,owing to the limitation of the wireline log response equation,the quantity and accuracy of minerals can hardly meet the exploration requirements of igneous formations.To overcome those issues,this study takes the South China Sea as an example,and combines multi-scale data such as micro rock slices,petrophysical experiments,wireline log and element cutting log to establish a set of joint inversion methods for minerals and porosity of altered igneous rocks.Specifically,we define the lithology and mineral characteristics through core slices and mineral data,and establish an igneous multi-mineral volumetric model.Then we determine element cutting log correction method based on core element data,and combine wireline log and corrected element cutting log to perform the lithology classification and joint inversion of minerals and porosity.However,it is always difficult to determine the elemental eigenvalues of different minerals in inversion.This paper uses multiple linear regression methods to solve this problem.Finally,an integrated inversion technique for altered igneous formations was developed.The results show that the corrected element cutting log are in good agreement with the core element data,and the mineral and porosity results obtained from the joint inversion based on the wireline log and corrected element cutting log are also in good agreement with the core data from X-ray diffraction.The results demonstrate that the inversion technique is applicable and this study provides a new direction for the mineral inversion research of altered igneous formations.展开更多
The incidence of esophageal adenocarcinoma(EAC) has increased in recent decades, and its 5-year survival rate is less than 20%. As a well-established precursor, patients with Barrett's esophagus(BE) have a persist...The incidence of esophageal adenocarcinoma(EAC) has increased in recent decades, and its 5-year survival rate is less than 20%. As a well-established precursor, patients with Barrett's esophagus(BE) have a persistent risk of progression to EAC. Many researchers have already identified some factors that may contribute to the development of BE and EAC, and the identified risks include gastroesophageal reflux(GER), male sex, older age, central obesity,tobacco smoking, Helicobacter pylori(H. pylori) eradication, and the administration of proton pump inhibitors(PPIs) and antibiotics. The human gut harbors trillions of microorganisms, the majority of which are bacteria. These microorganisms benefit the human host in many ways, such as helping in digestion, assisting in the synthesis of certain vitamins, promoting the development of the gastrointestinal immune system, regulating metabolism and preventing invasion by specific pathogens. In contrast, microbial dysbiosis may play important roles in various diseases, such as inflammation and cancers. The composition of the microbiota located in the normal esophagus is relatively conserved without distinct microbial preferences in the upper, middle and lower esophagus. Six major phyla constitute the esophageal microbiota, including Firmicutes,Bacteroides, Actinobacteria, Proteobacteria, Fusobacteria and TM7, similar to the oral microbiota. Streptococcus dominates the esophageal microbiota. However, the microbiota varies in different esophageal diseases compared to that in the healthy esophagus. The type Ⅰ microbiota, which is primarily composed of gram-positive bacteria, is closely associated with the normal esophagus, while type Ⅱ microbiota has enriched gram-negative bacteria and is mainly associated with the abnormal esophagus. These increased gram-negative anaerobes/microaerophiles include Veillonella, Prevotella, Haemophilus, Neisseria, Granulicatella and Fusobacterium, many of which are associated with BE. The microbial diversity in the esophagus is decreased in EAC patients, and Lactobacillus fermentum is enriched compared to that in controls and BE patients. Furthermore, the microbiota may be associated with BE and EAC by interacting with their risk factors, including central obesity, GER, H. pylori, administration of PPIs and antibiotics. Therefore, a large gap in research must be bridged to elucidate the associations among these factors. Some studies have already proposed several potential mechanisms by which the microbiota participates in human carcinogenesis by complicated interactions with the human host immune system and signaling pathways. The activation of the LPS-TLR4-NF-κB pathway may contribute to inflammation and malignant transformation. This exciting field of gastrointestinal microbiota allows us to unravel the mystery of carcinogenesis from another perspective. Further studies are needed to explore whether the microbiota changes before or after disease onset, to improve our understanding of the pathogenesis, and to find novel targets for prevention, diagnosis and therapy, which could offer more cost-effective and relatively safe choices.展开更多
Taking the gold ore deposit concentrating area of Jiaodong area in Shandong, China for an example, based on geological analysis, and applying Gresens’ equation, Grant’s isocon diagram and O’hara microelement ca...Taking the gold ore deposit concentrating area of Jiaodong area in Shandong, China for an example, based on geological analysis, and applying Gresens’ equation, Grant’s isocon diagram and O’hara microelement calculation method, a thorough study on shear alteration, mass transfer and gold mineralization was carried out. The authors also made mathematic simulation and geochemical analysis. The work reveals temporal spatial changing regularities of temperature field and velocity field of fluids, and also reveals fluid transport chemical reaction coupling metallogenic dynamics of the Jiaojia gold ore concentrating area. During shear alteration process of the Jiaodong gold ore concentrating area, all kinds of components transferred with different amounts, fluid rock ratio was rather high and volume strain was of dilation type. Fast flow of ore forming fluid favors the occurrence of mixed fluid. Shear fractured zones are places where there was strong transportation reaction coupling mineralization. Ore bodies were located in dilation space of shear structure where there was the greatest fluid flux. After the emplacement of the rock body, a convex heat field was formed around the rock body. It is one of the main metallogenic forces. The major reason for mineralization is the mobilization, migration and enrichment of ore forming elements induced by shear compressive extensional tectonism. Inclusion gold dominant low grade ores were formed in the early ore forming stage, while high grade ores, which contained fissure gold and polymetallic veinlets, were formed in late ore forming stage.展开更多
Reservoir wettability plays an important role in various oil recovery processes.The origin and evolution of reservoir wettability were critically reviewed to better understand the complexity of wettability due to inte...Reservoir wettability plays an important role in various oil recovery processes.The origin and evolution of reservoir wettability were critically reviewed to better understand the complexity of wettability due to interactions in crude oil-brine-rock system,with introduction of different wetting states and their influence on fluid distribution in pore spaces.The effect of wettability on oil recovery of waterflooding was then summarized from past and recent research to emphasize the importance of wettability in oil displacement by brine.The mechanism of wettability alteration by different surfactants in both carbonate and sandstone reservoirs was analyzed,concerning their distinct surface chemistry,and different interaction patterns of surfactants with components on rock surface.Other concerns such as the combined effect of wettability alteration and interfacial tension (IFT) reduction on the imbibition process was also taken into account.Generally,surfactant induced wettability alteration for enhanced oil recovery is still in the stage of laboratory investigation.The successful application of this technique relies on a comprehensive survey of target reservoir conditions,and could be expected especially in low permeability fractured reservoirs and forced imbibition process.展开更多
基金supported by the National Nature Science Foundation of China (China, grant numbers 81671006, 81300894)CAMS Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences (China, grant number 2019-I2M-5-038)National Clinical Key Discipline Construction Project (China, PKUSSNKP-202102)。
文摘Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the predominant type of oral cancer, while some patients may develop oral multiple primary cancers (MPCs) with unclear etiology. This study aimed to investigate the clinicopathological characteristics and genomic alterations of oral MPCs. Clinicopathological data from patients with oral single primary carcinoma (SPC, n=202) and oral MPCs (n=34) were collected and compared. Copy number alteration (CNA) analysis was conducted to identify chromosomal-instability differences among oral MPCs, recurrent OSCC cases, and OSCC patients with lymph node metastasis. Whole-exome sequencing was employed to identify potential unique gene mutations in oral MPCs patients. Additionally, CNA and phylogenetic tree analyses were used to gain preliminary insights into the molecular characteristics of different primary tumors within individual patients. Our findings revealed that, in contrast to oral SPC, females predominated the oral MPCs (70.59%), while smoking and alcohol use were not frequent in MPCs.Moreover, long-term survival outcomes were poorer in oral MPCs. From a CNA perspective, no significant differences were observed between oral MPCs patients and those with recurrence and lymph node metastasis. In addition to commonly mutated genes such as CASP8, TP53 and MUC16, in oral MPCs we also detected relatively rare mutations, such as HS3ST6 and RFPL4A. Furthermore, this study also demonstrated that most MPCs patients exhibited similarities in certain genomic regions within individuals, and distinct differences of the similarity degree were observed between synchronous and metachronous oral MPCs.
基金supported by the Project on InterGovernmental International Scientific and Technological Innovation Cooperation in National Key Projects of Research and Development Plan (No. 2019YFE0106400)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 81771875)。
文摘Objective: Patients with radioactive iodine-refractory differentiated thyroid cancer(RAIR-DTC) are often diagnosed with delay and constrained to limited treatment options. The correlation between RAI refractoriness and the underlying genetic characteristics has not been extensively studied.Methods: Adult patients with distant metastatic DTC were enrolled and assigned to undergo next-generation sequencing of a customized 26-gene panel(Thyro Lead). Patients were classified into RAIR-DTC or non-RAIR groups to determine the differences in clinicopathological and molecular characteristics. Molecular risk stratification(MRS) was constructed based on the association between molecular alterations identified and RAI refractoriness, and the results were classified as high, intermediate or low MRS.Results: A total of 220 patients with distant metastases were included, 63.2% of whom were identified as RAIRDTC. Genetic alterations were identified in 90% of all the patients, with BRAF(59.7% vs. 17.3%), TERT promoter(43.9% vs. 7.4%), and TP53 mutations(11.5% vs. 3.7%) being more prevalent in the RAIR-DTC group than in the non-RAIR group, except for RET fusions(15.8% vs. 39.5%), which had the opposite pattern. BRAF and TERT promoter are independent predictors of RAIR-DTC, accounting for 67.6% of patients with RAIR-DTC. MRS was strongly associated with RAI refractoriness(P<0.001), with an odds ratio(OR) of high to low MRS of 7.52 [95%confidence interval(95% CI), 3.96-14.28;P<0.001] and an OR of intermediate to low MRS of 3.20(95% CI,1.01-10.14;P=0.041).Conclusions: Molecular alterations were associated with RAI refractoriness, with BRAF and TERT promoter mutations being the predominant contributors, followed by TP53 and DICER1 mutations. MRS might serve as a valuable tool for both prognosticating clinical outcomes and directing precision-based therapeutic interventions.
基金Kuwait University General Research Facilities (GE01/17,GE01/07,and GS03/01)for their support in conducting the necessary experimental work of this study。
文摘This study investigated experimentally the coupled effects of hydrophilic SiO_(2) nanoparticles(NPs)and low-salinity water(LSW)on the wettability of synthetic clay-free Berea sandstone.Capillary pressure,interfacial tension(IFT),contact angle,Zeta potential,and dynamic displacement measurements were performed at various NP mass fractions and brine salinities.The U.S.Bureau of Mines(USBM)index was used to quantify the wettability alteration.Furthermore,the NP stability and retention and the effect of enhanced oil recovery by nanofluid were examined.The results showed that LSW immiscible displacement with NPs altered the wettability toward more water wet.With the decreasing brine salinity and increasing NP mass fraction,the IFT and contact angle decreased.The wettability alteration intensified most as the brine salinity decreased to 4000 mg/L and the NP mass fraction increased to 0.075%.Under these conditions,the resulting incremental oil recovery factor was approximately 13 percentage points.When the brine salinity was 4000 mg/L and the NP mass fraction was 0.025%,the retention of NPs caused the minimum damage to permeability.
文摘Mapping from remote sensing has become more effective in the field of geology, mainly in lithological discrimination and identification of hydrothermal alteration zones. The use of this technique consists in obtaining information about the rock mass and the main ones existing in the inaccessible areas. Satellite data from the ASTER (Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer) sensor represent a favorable potential for detecting the spectral signatures of mineral zones and identifying their nature. These data are more reliable in places where the climate is arid with less abundant vegetation, as at the Oumjrane-Boukerzia mining district. This region which is part of the Eastern Anti-Atlas, is composed of several mineralized veins which still require detailed studies and exploration by the technique of remote sensing. In this work we applied several processing techniques on ASTER imagery such as Colored Composition, Principal Component Analysis and Ratio Bands. The use of the reports of the specialized Bands makes it possible to identify some hydrothermal alteration minerals within the mining district of Oumjrane Boukerzia. These minerals are represented mainly by iron oxides and hydroxides (Hematite, jarosite, limonite and goethite), carbonate minerals (dolomite, calcite), clay minerals (Illite, kaolinite and chlorite) and quartz minerals. This work allows us to produce a map of hydrothermal alteration zones which can be used as a valuable reference in the strategy of mining exploration for the base metals (Cu, Pb, Zn and Ba), in the mining district of Oumjrane-Boukerzia and in the entire Eastern Anti-Atlas.
基金funded by Ricerca Finalizzata 2016 RF-2016-02361941MIUR,-PON“Ricerca e Innovazione”PerMedNet id project ARS01_01226-PROGETTI DI RICERCA DI RILEVANTE INTERESSE NAZIONALE Prot.2017MYJ5TH312 European Commission’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program,No.847749。
文摘Brain synapses play a key role in neuronal communication:this“conversation”is at the basis of all brain activities and synaptic dysfunction leads to brain disorders.We study the modulators of this crucial synaptic function and we here present the evidence supporting the c-Jun N-terminal kinase(JNK)pathway as a pivotal actor in this scenario.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No.32171363)the Fujian Major Scientific and Technological Special Project for Social Development (Grant No.2020YZ016002)+2 种基金the Science and Technology Project of Xiamen Municipal Bureau of Science and Technology (Grant No.3502Z20199047)the Xiamen’s Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine for Endocrine-Related Cancers (Grant No.XKLEC 2020KF02)the Fujian Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment in Breast Cancer。
文摘Breast cancer originates primarily from the epithelial cells of the mammary gland.Repeated mammary gland expansion and degeneration are accompanied by an increased risk of genetic alterations in the breast1.These mutations in breast epithelial cells dynamically occur in response to pregnancy,labor and delivery,breastfeeding,and the menstrual cycle,with a decline in mutation rates after menopause,which may be related to a decrease in estrogen levels.The breast epithelial cell mutations are also consistent with epidemiologic observations2.
基金This work is funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.21776306).
文摘Wettability is an important surface property that deserves to further explore the factors on its alteration.Series of bis-N-heterocyclic quaternary ammonium salts with different spacer length and N-heterocyclic headgroups(morpholinium(BMMB,BMMD and BMMH),piperidinium(BPMH)and piperazinium(BMPMH))have been synthesized and employed for altering the wettability of vermiculite and its derivates(Vts)treated by Li^(+)-saturated heating method.The results of X-ray diffraction(XRD),Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FT-IR),thermogravimetric analysis(TG-DTG),scanning electron microscopy(SEM)and N_(2)adsorption/desorption isotherms indicate that all of the bis-N-heterocyclic quaternary ammonium salts have been successfully inserted into the vermiculite layers,leading to the organic monolayer.The results of capillary rise tests combined with Lipophilic to Hydrophilic Ratio(LHR)values unveil the wettability alteration of the organo-Vts.As the layer charge decreases,the hydrophilicity of the organo-Vts gradually increases,which is probably caused by the decline in binding sites.As the result of the change in spacer length of modifier,the wetting properties of morpholinium-based organo-Vts change in order of BMMD-Vts>BMMH-Vts>BMMB-Vts,and difference in N-heterocyclic headgroups leads to the sequence of wettability:BMPMH-Vts>BPMH-Vts>BMMH-Vts.Layer charge of Vt,spacer length and the type of the N-heterocyclic headgroup of modifier have the synergistic effect on the regulation of the wettability.
文摘The aim of this study is to carry out hydrothermal alteration mapping and structural mapping using ASTER images in order to identify indices that could guide mining exploration work in the Poli area and its surroundings. To achieve this, the ASTER images were first preprocessed to correct atmospheric effects and remove vegetation influence. Secondly, a lineament mapping was conducted by applying Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) algorithms to the First Principal Component Analysis (PCA1) of Visible Near-Infrared (VNIR) and Shortwave Infrared (SWIR) bands. Lastly, band ratio methods were applied to the VNIR, SWIR, and Thermal Infrared (TIR) bands to determine indices of iron oxides/hydroxides (hematite and limonite), hydroxyl-bearing minerals (chlorite, epidote, and muscovite), and the quartz index. The results obtained showed that the lineaments were mainly oriented NE-SW, ENE-WSW, and E-W, with NE-SW being the most predominant direction. Concerning hydrothermal alteration, the identified indices covered almost the entire study area and showed a strong correlation with lithological data. Overlaying the obtained lineaments with the hydrothermal alteration indices revealed a significant correlation between existing mining indices and those observed in the field. Mineralized zones generally coincided with areas of high lineament density exhibiting significant hydrothermal alteration. Based on the correlation between existing mining indices and the results of hydrothermal and structural mapping, the results obtained can then be used as a reference document for any mining exploration in the study area.
文摘The characterization of the relationships between mineralization and hydrothermal alteration is an essential element in understanding gold deposits. In south-west Burkina Faso, the Napélépéra mineralisation, the mobility of chemical elements and alteration-mineralization relationships were studied by means of selected core drilling and geochemical analyses using ICP-MS (Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry) and ICP-AES (Inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy). The mineralised granodiorite is grey porphyroid with quartz, plagioclase, biotite and amphibole. It is metaluminous and located in the tholeiitic series. The Na<sub>2</sub>O + CaO versus Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> + MgO alteration diagram divides the samples according to alteration dominance. Chloritisation and carbonation are the main alterations. There is a relationship between gold mineralisation at Napélépéra and alteration, and the paragenesis of gold + pyrite ± carbonate ± silica ± sericite is the main characteristic. Carbonation is the result of fluid input in the shear corridor of the mineralised zone. The mass balance of comparative metals in the proximal and distal zones of the mineralisation shows the absence of metals, while As, Hg, Ag and Bi are strongly enriched from the distal zone to the mineralised zone. The oxides associated with the mineralisation are mainly NaO, SrO and CaO.
文摘This study used the diethylene triamine pentaacetic acid(DTPA)-seawater(SW)system to modify the sandstone rock wettability and enhance oil recovery.The investigation involved conducting wettability measurement,Zeta potential measurement,and spontaneous imbibition experiment.The introduction of 5%DTPA-sW solution resulted in a significant decrease in the rock-oil contact angle from 143°to 23,along with a reduction in the Zeta potential from-2.29 mV to-13.06 mV,thereby altering the rock surface charge and shifting its wettability from an oil-wet state to a strongly water-wet state.The presence or absence of potential determining ions(Ca^(2+),Mg^(2+),SO_(4)^(2-))in the solution did not impact the effectiveness of DTPA in changing the rock wettability.However,by tripling the concentration of these ions in the solution,the performance of 5%DTPA-SW solution in changing wettability was impaired.Additionally,spontaneous imbibition tests demonstrated that the 5%DTPA-SW solution led to an increase in oil recovery up to 39.6%.Thus,the optimum mass fraction of DTPA for changing sandstone wettability was determined to be5%.
基金NASA Glenn Research Center,Award Number,GRT00060658NSF IUCRC Smart Vehicle Concept Research Seed Program,No Award Number Provided.
文摘The Blade Altering Toolbox(BAT)described in this paper is a tool designed for fast reconstruction of an altered blade geometry for design optimization purposes.The BAT algorithm is capable of twisting a given rotor’s angle of attack and stretching the chord length along the span of the rotor.Several test cases were run using the BAT’s algorithm.The BAT code’s twisting,stretching,and mesh reconstruction capabilities proved to be able to handle reasonably large geometric alterations to a provided input rotor geometry.The test examples showed that the toolbox’s algorithm could handle any stretching of the blade’s chord as long as the blade remained within the original bounds of the unaltered mesh.The algorithm appears to fail when the net twist angle applied the geometry exceeds approximately 30 degrees,however this limitation is dependent on the initial geometry and other input parameters.Overall,the algorithm is a very powerful tool for automating a design optimization procedure.
基金The project was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.42204122).
文摘There are abundant igneous gas reservoirs in the South China Sea with significant value of research,and lithology classification,mineral analysis and porosity inversion are important links in reservoir evaluation.However,affected by the diverse lithology,complicated mineral and widespread alteration,conventional logging lithology classification and mineral inversion become considerably difficult.At the same time,owing to the limitation of the wireline log response equation,the quantity and accuracy of minerals can hardly meet the exploration requirements of igneous formations.To overcome those issues,this study takes the South China Sea as an example,and combines multi-scale data such as micro rock slices,petrophysical experiments,wireline log and element cutting log to establish a set of joint inversion methods for minerals and porosity of altered igneous rocks.Specifically,we define the lithology and mineral characteristics through core slices and mineral data,and establish an igneous multi-mineral volumetric model.Then we determine element cutting log correction method based on core element data,and combine wireline log and corrected element cutting log to perform the lithology classification and joint inversion of minerals and porosity.However,it is always difficult to determine the elemental eigenvalues of different minerals in inversion.This paper uses multiple linear regression methods to solve this problem.Finally,an integrated inversion technique for altered igneous formations was developed.The results show that the corrected element cutting log are in good agreement with the core element data,and the mineral and porosity results obtained from the joint inversion based on the wireline log and corrected element cutting log are also in good agreement with the core data from X-ray diffraction.The results demonstrate that the inversion technique is applicable and this study provides a new direction for the mineral inversion research of altered igneous formations.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.81702067Shaanxi Natural Science Foundation of China,No.2018JQ8029Shaanxi Natural Science Foundation of China,No.2017JQ8041
文摘The incidence of esophageal adenocarcinoma(EAC) has increased in recent decades, and its 5-year survival rate is less than 20%. As a well-established precursor, patients with Barrett's esophagus(BE) have a persistent risk of progression to EAC. Many researchers have already identified some factors that may contribute to the development of BE and EAC, and the identified risks include gastroesophageal reflux(GER), male sex, older age, central obesity,tobacco smoking, Helicobacter pylori(H. pylori) eradication, and the administration of proton pump inhibitors(PPIs) and antibiotics. The human gut harbors trillions of microorganisms, the majority of which are bacteria. These microorganisms benefit the human host in many ways, such as helping in digestion, assisting in the synthesis of certain vitamins, promoting the development of the gastrointestinal immune system, regulating metabolism and preventing invasion by specific pathogens. In contrast, microbial dysbiosis may play important roles in various diseases, such as inflammation and cancers. The composition of the microbiota located in the normal esophagus is relatively conserved without distinct microbial preferences in the upper, middle and lower esophagus. Six major phyla constitute the esophageal microbiota, including Firmicutes,Bacteroides, Actinobacteria, Proteobacteria, Fusobacteria and TM7, similar to the oral microbiota. Streptococcus dominates the esophageal microbiota. However, the microbiota varies in different esophageal diseases compared to that in the healthy esophagus. The type Ⅰ microbiota, which is primarily composed of gram-positive bacteria, is closely associated with the normal esophagus, while type Ⅱ microbiota has enriched gram-negative bacteria and is mainly associated with the abnormal esophagus. These increased gram-negative anaerobes/microaerophiles include Veillonella, Prevotella, Haemophilus, Neisseria, Granulicatella and Fusobacterium, many of which are associated with BE. The microbial diversity in the esophagus is decreased in EAC patients, and Lactobacillus fermentum is enriched compared to that in controls and BE patients. Furthermore, the microbiota may be associated with BE and EAC by interacting with their risk factors, including central obesity, GER, H. pylori, administration of PPIs and antibiotics. Therefore, a large gap in research must be bridged to elucidate the associations among these factors. Some studies have already proposed several potential mechanisms by which the microbiota participates in human carcinogenesis by complicated interactions with the human host immune system and signaling pathways. The activation of the LPS-TLR4-NF-κB pathway may contribute to inflammation and malignant transformation. This exciting field of gastrointestinal microbiota allows us to unravel the mystery of carcinogenesis from another perspective. Further studies are needed to explore whether the microbiota changes before or after disease onset, to improve our understanding of the pathogenesis, and to find novel targets for prevention, diagnosis and therapy, which could offer more cost-effective and relatively safe choices.
基金The study is supported by the National Climbing Program of China( No.95 -pre-2 5 and 95 -pre-3 9) "10 0 Beyond Century Scie
文摘Taking the gold ore deposit concentrating area of Jiaodong area in Shandong, China for an example, based on geological analysis, and applying Gresens’ equation, Grant’s isocon diagram and O’hara microelement calculation method, a thorough study on shear alteration, mass transfer and gold mineralization was carried out. The authors also made mathematic simulation and geochemical analysis. The work reveals temporal spatial changing regularities of temperature field and velocity field of fluids, and also reveals fluid transport chemical reaction coupling metallogenic dynamics of the Jiaojia gold ore concentrating area. During shear alteration process of the Jiaodong gold ore concentrating area, all kinds of components transferred with different amounts, fluid rock ratio was rather high and volume strain was of dilation type. Fast flow of ore forming fluid favors the occurrence of mixed fluid. Shear fractured zones are places where there was strong transportation reaction coupling mineralization. Ore bodies were located in dilation space of shear structure where there was the greatest fluid flux. After the emplacement of the rock body, a convex heat field was formed around the rock body. It is one of the main metallogenic forces. The major reason for mineralization is the mobilization, migration and enrichment of ore forming elements induced by shear compressive extensional tectonism. Inclusion gold dominant low grade ores were formed in the early ore forming stage, while high grade ores, which contained fissure gold and polymetallic veinlets, were formed in late ore forming stage.
文摘Reservoir wettability plays an important role in various oil recovery processes.The origin and evolution of reservoir wettability were critically reviewed to better understand the complexity of wettability due to interactions in crude oil-brine-rock system,with introduction of different wetting states and their influence on fluid distribution in pore spaces.The effect of wettability on oil recovery of waterflooding was then summarized from past and recent research to emphasize the importance of wettability in oil displacement by brine.The mechanism of wettability alteration by different surfactants in both carbonate and sandstone reservoirs was analyzed,concerning their distinct surface chemistry,and different interaction patterns of surfactants with components on rock surface.Other concerns such as the combined effect of wettability alteration and interfacial tension (IFT) reduction on the imbibition process was also taken into account.Generally,surfactant induced wettability alteration for enhanced oil recovery is still in the stage of laboratory investigation.The successful application of this technique relies on a comprehensive survey of target reservoir conditions,and could be expected especially in low permeability fractured reservoirs and forced imbibition process.